Facts Noncash

8/9/2019 Facts Noncash

1/4

Rural Artisans

2.14 As per the Draft Plan 1978-83 (revised), the traditional rural

industries like khadi, village industries, handlooms, sericulture, coir

and handicrafts provided employment to 14 milUon persons in

1977-78 and the value of their production aggregated Rs. 2,125 crores.

They accounted for about 5.5 per cent of the total contribution by the

manufacturing sector to the net domestic product. The present position

is that like the agricultural labourers, the rural artisans also lack

improved or modern productive assets, though they possess some basic

skills. An additional factor is the lack of an assured market for their

goods. Consequently, the rural artisans have to rely on wage employment

to some extent. Though they may require consumption credit

initially and during some periods, their real need is for investment

credit[i.e. credit for acquiring modern productive assets) supported

by input supplies and marketing facilities. In addition, they are in

need of some services the provision of which is the responsibility of

Governments, both Central and State. The major task consists of

(z) supply of raw materials, {ii) introduction of designs based on

market preferences and consumer research, {Hi) introduction of

improved tools, {iv) upgrading of skills through training and {v)

marketing arrangements and export promotion.

Agriculture

8.7 Organisations of relevant services which would help small and marginal farmers and

sharecroppers to derive economic benefits from new technology and diversification of

farm income through mixed farming, agro-industries and small scale industries are two o

the major thrusts of the agricultural Plan. The effective implementation of this

programme will call for greater efforts in the field of scientific land and water use

planning and in linking production with processing, storage and marketing. Improved

management through a flood of cash and non-cash inputs will have to be achieved. Both

internal and external markets will have to be properly served through well-planned

linkages be^een co-operative marketing federations, Civil Supplies Corporations and

'foreign trade agencies. Structured linkages involving forward planning will have to be


2/4

developed among the concerned agencies. Scientific management of agriculture will

require a highly orchestrated effort in policy formulation and implementation on a part o

the agencies concerned with the development of packages of technology, services and

public policies. Both at the Siate and national levels, this aspect will have to receive

attention if the desired growth rates in agricultural production and exports are to be

achieved

http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/planrel/fiveyr/6th/6planch8.html

Agricultural input projects must provide inputs that are

technologically feasible in the small farmer's environment. Often

they are too advanced for the farmer's resources and knowledge

base or too complicated for the local system of transportation

and communication to support. Delivery of the agricultural

inputs must be timely. Many inputs must be completely written

off if they are not available at the proper time in the season,

and concern about this possibility of failure may inhibit farmers

from experimenting with new inputs even where delivery problems

have been resolved. Utilization of the inputs must result in a

marketable, profitable product for the farmer, which means that

inputs must be coordinated with the overall farming system and

supportive price and economic policies at the national level.

For agricultural marketing projects, services must be

appropriate to the systems available in the user's environment.

This might be collecting crops at the farm gate, handling small

increments, and providing assistance with crop drying and

storage. The market services must be timely. Most farmers,


3/4

especially in the tropics where risks of spoilage are high,

prefer an immediate sale to a private trader over a later sale to

a government agency, even when a higher price is offered. Yet

marketing the crops must result in a profit if the incentive to

produce is to be maintained. The two most frequent causes of

price problems are government policies and seasonal volatility

caused by short-term supply considerations.

http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAL079.pdf

1. Agricultural input programs must provide farmers with inputs

that are appropriate. Many programs have introduced

technologies that were too advanced for the farmers'

resources and knowledge base, not profitable under the

farmers' own conditions, or too complicated for the local

system of transportation and communication to support.

2. Delivery of the agricultural inputs must be timely. Many

inputs must be completely written off if they are not

available at the proper time in the season. Concern about

this possibility of failure may inhibit farmers from

experimenting with new inputs, even where delivery problems

have been resolved.

3. Utilization of the inputs must result in a marketable,

profitable product for the farmer.


4/4

Timeliness is particularly importantwhen biological processes and farmer decisionmaking aredependent on capricious monsoon rains. The more complex thetechnological package and the greater the number of off-farminputs required, the more dependent the farmer becomes on theefficiency of input delivery services.

PAGE 28

PAGE 37-38

http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/3211741.pdf

http://www.worldbank.org/afr/fertilizer_tk/documentspdf/GregoryOnVouchers.pdf

http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/551/

http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNAAL079.pdf

http://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/bs_viewcontent.aspx?Id=1270

In the absence of government extension service, farmers are advised by input traders leading to an increase in inpucosts through supplier-induced-demand.

Input quality: Inputs in the form of seeds, pesticides and fertilisers sold to farmers could be of spurious qualityThere is no regulatory mechanism. We came across situations where farmers were advised by traders to gin for a third sowing a case of supplier-induced-demand. The private traders should be regulated. Loca

non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can be involved in regulating the private trader.

http://www.igidr.ac.in/suicide/ExecutiveSummary_SFM_IGIDR_26Jan06.pdf

http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PublicationReport/Pdfs/55259.pdfvyas committee report

Facts Noncash

Documents

Transcript of Facts Noncash