Facts about Rangelands - cac-program.org · Facts about Rangelands ... 11/12/2009 IFAD Final...
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23.06.2010 1 Facts about Rangelands • Rangelands occupy the largest area under one type of land use in the non‐tropical dry areas. • They are complex ecosystems (influenced bygeology , climate, as well as current and historic management). – Local topographic features such as slope and aspect play a crucial role in a number of morphological, ecological, and hydrological processes. • They contribute to the living of the poorest populations. • However ,the rangeland area is decreasing,the capacity of rangelands to produce products and perform functions is declining, and their biodiversity is threatened due to a combination of environmental and human induced factors. 11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Transcript of Facts about Rangelands - cac-program.org · Facts about Rangelands ... 11/12/2009 IFAD Final...
23.06.2010
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Facts about Rangelands• Rangelands occupy the largest area under one type of land use in the non‐tropical dry areas.
• They are complex ecosystems (influenced by geology, y p y ( y g gyclimate, as well as current and historic management).– Local topographic features such as slope and aspect play a crucial role in a number of morphological, ecological, and hydrological processes.
• They contribute to the living of the poorest populations.
• However, the rangeland area is decreasing, the o e e , t e a ge a d a ea s dec eas g, t ecapacity of rangelands to produce products and perform functions is declining, and their biodiversity is threatened due to a combination of environmental and human induced factors.
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
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• Disruption of traditional grazing system
• Encroachment of agricultural practices into
Causes of Rangeland Degradation
g ptraditional rangeland areas
• Improper grazing practices (overgrazing and early grazing)
• Lack of grazing policies
• The destruction of woody plant species by burning them as fuel
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Peganum harmala
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Soil Erosion
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?
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TajikistanOqjar Site
South Facing North Facing
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
TajikistanOqjar site
North Facing
South Facing
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Elevation (meters) = height above mean sea level
Slope (degrees) = maximum rate of change in z value
Aspect (degrees) = direction of maximum rate of change in z value from each cell (e.g. slope direction)direction)
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Study Objective
This primary objective of this study was to i th i fl f h l i lexamine the influence of geo‐morphological
landscape patterns on vegetation characteristics across central Asia
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Material & MethodsMaterial & Methods
• Countries (sites)
– Tajikistan (Oqjar & Karsang)
– Kyrgyzstan (Jelargi 1 & 2)
• Timing
– Spring & autumn
• Aspect• Aspect
– North & South facing slopes
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Experimental Design
• The data collection took place during the winter and summer of 2009 in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The treatments included: location (site), season (spring and winterpastures), and transects.
• An ANOVA using replicated trials in incomplete block designs was used to determine the relationship between aspect and vegetation characteristics. Treatment included location (site), season (winter and ( ), (summer pastures), and transects. In another word, we performed pair‐wise comparisons to assess treatment effects on the response variable
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Line Intercept TechniqueLine Intercept Technique
Data Collection/VariablesData Collection/Variables
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Data Collection/VariablesData Collection/Variables
BiomassBiomass (DM g/m(DM g/m22))
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Data Collection/Variables
Digital Vegetation Charting TechniqueDigital Vegetation Charting Technique
Image Processing
Digital Charting TechniqueDigital Charting Technique
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Digital Charting Technique
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
Cenchrus ciliaris
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Preliminary Results
1. Percent Green Vegetation1. Percent Green Vegetationbased on LIT (point sampling)based on LIT (point sampling)
30
35
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
North
South
Tajikistan Kyrgystan
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<.001
<.001
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ANOVA ‐ Output
1. Percent Green Vegetation1. Percent Green Vegetationbased on LIT (point sampling)based on LIT (point sampling)
Source of variation P-valueCountry <.001
Site 0.008
Aspect <.001
Transect 0.679
Country x Aspect < 001Country x Aspect <.001
Site x Aspect 0.006
Country x Transect 0.82
Site x Season <.001
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2. Percent Bareground2. Percent Baregroundbased on LIT (point sampling)based on LIT (point sampling)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Karsang Oqjar Jelargi 1 Jelargi 2North
Karsang Oqjar Jelargi 1 Jelargi 2
Tajikistan Kyrgystan
South
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<.001<.001
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Litter Rock
2. Percent Litter & Rock2. Percent Litter & Rockbased on LIT (point sampling)based on LIT (point sampling)
North
South
Litter
North
South
Rock
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<.001 0.763
140160
3. Biomass Production (DM g/m3. Biomass Production (DM g/m22))based on quadrat samplingbased on quadrat sampling
020406080100120
Karsang Oqjar Jelargi 1 Jelargi 2
Tajikistan Kyrgystan
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North
South
3. Biomass Production (DM g/m3. Biomass Production (DM g/m22))based on quadrat samplingbased on quadrat sampling
Spring
Fall
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
TajikistanDominant Species
4. Dominant species4. Dominant species
Dominant Species
Site North Facing South Facing
OqjarOqjar Malcolmia turkestanica Astragalus rytlobus
KarsangKarsang Cynodon dactylonCynodon dactylonAvena trichophora
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5. Percent Green Vegetation5. Percent Green Vegetationbased on DVCT (image processing)based on DVCT (image processing)
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
5. Percent Green Vegetation5. Percent Green Vegetationbased on DVCT (image processing)based on DVCT (image processing)
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Tajikistan – Oqjar site
5. Percent Green Vegetation5. Percent Green Vegetationbased on DVCT (image processing)based on DVCT (image processing)
North FacingNorth Facing
Average Green Cover (%) 44.5561
Average Bareground (%) 55.4439
Minimum GC % 23.9371
South FacingSouth Facing
Average White % 5.3251Average Black % 92.1749
Minimum White % 0.9187
Minimum BG % 35.0327
Maximum GC % 64.9673
Maximum BG % 76.0629
Standard Deviation 3.6113
# of Images 14
Minimum Black % 63.3999
Maximum White % 36.6001
Maximum Black % 99.0813
Standard Deviation 0.9185
# of Images 40
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Capacity Building
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Capacity Building
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Conclusions
• Site, season and aspects have significant impact on the vegetation characteristics (specieon the vegetation characteristics (specie composition, cover, and biomass production)
• Using modern technology for assessing and monitoring rangeland conditions is advantageous:
Obj ti– Objective
– Save time and money
– Non destructive and repeatable over time
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Management Implications
• The present study emphasizes the strong relationship between vegetation coverage and surface temperature (potential direct incident radiation)
• When considering rehabilitation options
– Species choice (drought tolerant)
• Grazing management
– Timing (season), duration, stocking intensity
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
11/12/2009 IFAD Final Worshop ‐ Tashkent ‐ Uzbekistan
