Facts About German Foreign Trade in 2011

7/28/2019 Facts About German Foreign Trade in 2011

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In 2011, Germany was the worlds third largest

exporter (in USD, behind China, USA), and the

third largest importer (behind USA, China) o

goods.

Germanys share of world trade (exports and

imports in USD) remained almost unchanged in

2011 at 7.5 % (2010: 7.6 %). The USAs world trade

shares were 10.3 % (2010: 10.6 %) and Chinas

increased to 10.0 % (2010: 9.7 %).

The export ratio (i. e. the proportion o GDP

accounted or by exports) stood at 50.1 % in 2011;

the import ratio stood at 45.0 %. The degree of

openness (yardstick: imports plus exports in rela-

tion to GDP) stood at 95.1 % (2010: 88.2 %). This

makes Germany the most open economy o all

G7 countries.

The foreign trade surplus amounted to 5.1 % in

relation to GDP. Net foreign demand contributed

approx. one quarter of the expansion of GDP (GDP

+3.0 %; net oreign demand +0.8 percentage points).

The main trading partners continued to be the

European countries, which received 71 % o

German exports and rom which 69 % o German

imports came. Trade with other EU countries

(trade o goods within the EU) accounted or 52.9 %

o exports and or 56.3 % o imports. The shares o

trade with the Euro area totalled 39.7 % of exports

(shares: F 9.6 %; NL 6.5 %; I 5.9 %) and 37.7 % of

imports (shares: NL 9.1 %; F 7.4 %; I 5.4 %).

The leading sales markets or German goods out-

side the EU were the USA(7.0 %), China (6.1 %) and

Switzerland (4.5 %). The leading suppliers rom

outside the EU were China (8.8 %), USA(5.4 %) and

Russia (4.5 %).

The proportion of goods in total exports (goods

and services) stood at 85.7 % and at 82.3 % in all

imports.

Vehicles and vehicle parts (17.4 %), machinery

(15.2 %), chemical products (9.5 %) and computer/

electrical equipment (8.0 %) accounted or the larg-

est shares of exports. The main imported goods

were computer/electrical equipment (9.9 %), oil and

gas (9.1 %), cars and car parts (9.0 %) and chemical

products (7.9 %).

As in the previous year, Germany recorded a sur-plus in the trade in goods o 158.2 billion (2010:

154.9 billion). A total o 119.1 billion was with

other EU countries, o which 80.3 billion was with

Euro area countries. Exports to the EU worth

627.3 billion (o which 420.8 billion went to the

Euro area countries) contrasted with imports worth

508.2 billion (340.5 billion).

This means that approx. three quarters (75.3 %) o

the total German trade surplus is due to the export

surplus in relation to the other 26 EU countries

half of this surplus (50.8 %) to the Euro area alone.

Facts about German oreign trade in 2011*

billion euros Change compared to previous year

Exports (goods and services) 1,289.2 + 11.2 %

Imports (goods and services) 1,157.7 + 13.0 %

Balance of trade + 131.4 -4.0 %

Foreign trade figures in 2011

* Status: March 2012


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In terms o individual countries, Germany recorded

the highest trade surplus in comparison to France

(35.1 billion or 22.2 %), the USA(25.4 billion or

16.1 %), Britain (20.4 billion or 12.9 %) andAustria

(20.2 billion or 12.7 %). As in the past, Germanys

highest deicits in the trade balance were with the

Peoples Republic of China (-14.4 billion or 9.1 %),

the Netherlands and Norway(each -12.8 billion or

8.1%) andJapan (-8.4 billion or 5.3%).

As in previous years, Germany ran a surplus in the

trade in goods and a deficit on trade in services o

22.0 billion (2010: 21.8 billion).

Almost one quarter of jobs (24 %) depends directly

or indirectly on exports (1995: 15 %). In the indus-

trial sector, the ratio was almost one in two jobs

(55 %), but in the services sector only one in seven

(15 %).1

More than 1/3 of domestic demand is covered by

imports (import penetration rate of 34 %; 1991:

below 20 %). In the case o exports, the share of

imported upstream products is actually signii-

cantly higher, at 42 % (1995: 29.7 %).

2 Positively infuenced by post-deadline reporting in the 4th quarter o 2006.

Source Fachserie 18 Reihe 1.4 Volkswirtschatliche Gesamtrechnungen

1 According to the last available input-output calculation rom September 2007.

Year Exports Imports Net foreigndemand(Col.14)

Total Goods2 Services Total Goods Services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Billion EUR

1991 394.40 341.91 52.49 400.20 325.62 74.58 5.80

1992 395.86 343.60 52.26 402.53 321.20 81.33 6.67

1993 373.18 320.85 52.33 370.24 286.07 84.17 2.94

1994 406.96 353.04 53.92 401.00 310.81 90.19 5.96

1995 438.85 380.82 58.03 427.86 332.92 94.94 10.99

1996 465.07 400.22 64.85 447.06 345.64 101.42 18.01

1997 524.02 450.19 73.83 499.35 387.03 112.32 24.67

1998 560.14 483.37 76.77 533.21 414.93 118.28 26.93

1999 588.13 505.61 82.52 570.55 440.23 130.32 17.58

2000 683.55 591.34 92.21 677.25 530.61 146.64 6.30

2001 731.23 632.10 99.13 689.55 533.43 156.12 41.68

2002 760.57 647.55 113.02 664.67 513.19 151.48 95.90

2003 767.08 660.85 106.23 682.93 531.70 151.23 84.15

2004 846.44 730.24 116.20 735.67 578.85 156.82 110.77

2005 919.07 790.55 128.52 803.08 634.60 168.48 115.99

2006 1 053.14 904.16 148.98 923.09 744.91 178.18 130.05

2007 1 145.41 987.36 158.05 975.43 787.92 187.51 169.98

2008 1 189.15 1 018.84 170.31 1 034.98 839.28 195.70 154.17

2009 995.92 832.40 163.52 877.41 696.41 181.00 118.51

2010 1 159.80 983.36 176.44 1 024.35 826.08 198.27 135.45

2011 1 289.16 1 105.77 183.39 1 157.74 952.33 205.41 131.42

Exports and imports in current prices


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Year Exports Imports Net foreigndemand

(Col.14)Total Goods2 Services Total Goods Services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Year-on-year change

in % in billion EUR

1992 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.4 9.1 0.87

1993 5.7 6.6 0.1 8.0 10.9 3.5 9.61

1994 9.1 10.0 3.0 8.3 8 .6 7.2 3.02

1995 7.8 7.9 7.6 6.7 7.1 5.3 5.03

1996 6.0 5.1 11.8 4.5 3.8 6.8 7.02

1997 12.7 12.5 13.8 11.7 12.0 10.7 6.66

1998 6.9 7.4 4.0 6.8 7.2 5.3 2.26

1999 5.0 4.6 7 .5 7.0 6.1 10.2 9.35

2000 16.2 17.0 11.7 18.7 20.5 12.5 11.28

2001 7.0 6.9 7.5 1.8 0.5 6.5 35.38

2002 4.0 2.4 14.0 3.6 3.8 3.0 54.22

2003 0.9 2.1 6.0 2.7 3.6 0.2 11.75

2004 10.3 10.5 9.4 7 .7 8 .9 3.7 26.62

2005 8.6 8.3 10.6 9.2 9.6 7.4 5.22

2006 14.6 14.4 15.9 14.9 17.4 5.8 14.06

2007 8.8 9.2 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.2 39.93

2008 3.8 3.2 7.8 6.1 6.5 4.4 15.81

2009 16.2 18.3 4.0 15.2 17.0 7.5 35.66

2010 16.5 18.1 7.9 16.7 18.6 9.5 16.94

2011 11.2 12.4 3.9 13.0 15.3 3.6 4.03

in % of gross domestic product1991 25.7 22.3 3.4 26.1 21.2 4.9 0.4

1992 24.0 20.8 3.2 24.4 19.5 4.9 0.4

1993 22.0 18.9 3.1 21.8 16.9 5.0 0.2

1994 22.8 19.8 3.0 22.5 17.4 5.1 0.3

1995 23.7 20.6 3.1 23.1 18.0 5.1 0.6

1996 24.8 21.3 3.5 23.8 18.4 5.4 1.0

1997 27.4 23.5 3.9 26.1 20.2 5.9 1.3

1998 28.6 24.7 3.9 27.2 21.2 6.0 1.4

1999 29.4 25.3 4.1 28.5 22.0 6.5 0.9

2000 33.4 28.9 4.5 33.1 25.9 7.2 0.3

2001 34.8 30.1 4.7 32.8 25.4 7.4 2.0

2002 35.7 30.4 5.3 31.2 24.1 7.1 4.5

2003 35.7 30.8 4.9 31.8 24.8 7.0 3.9

2004 38.5 33.3 5.3 33.5 26.4 7.1 5.0

2005 41.3 35.5 5.8 36.1 28.5 7.6 5.2

2006 45.5 39.1 6.4 39.9 32.2 7.7 5.6

2007 47.2 40.7 6.5 40.2 32.4 7.7 7.0

2008 48.1 41.2 6.9 41.8 33.9 7.9 6.2

2009 41.9 35.1 6.9 37.0 29.3 7.6 5.0

2010 46.8 39.7 7.1 41.4 33.4 8.0 5.5

2011 50.1 43.0 7.1 45.0 37.0 8.0 5.1


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Figure 1: Shares of world trade (goods) Exports and imports in USD

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

inp

ercent

Germany

USA

China

Britain

France

India

Brazil

Italy

Japan

Souce: WTO; own calculations

Figure 2: Gross domestic product and contributions to growth

Source: Federal Statistics Ofce

1.9

-1.0

2.5

1.7

0.8

1.7

1.9 1.9

3.1

1.5

0.0

-0.4

1.2

0.7

3.7

3.3

1.1

-5.1

3.7

3.0

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Gross domestic productDomestic useNet foreign demand

inp

ercent


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Figure 5: Imports and exports in 2011 according to groups of countries

Eurozone; 39.7%EU excluding eurozone; 19.5%

Europeexcluding EU;

11.7%

Africa; 1.9 %

America; 10.4%

Asia; 15.8% Australia/Oceania; 0.9%

Exports

Eurozone; 37.7%EU excluding eurozone; 18.6 %

Europeexcluding EU;

13.0%

Africa; 2.4%

America; 8.9%

Asia; 19.0%Australia/Ozeania; 0.4%

Imports

Source: Federal Statistics Ofce; own calculations

Total: 1060.2 billion euros Total: 902.0 billion euros

Figure 6: Changes in German export and import shares according to region Change between 2010 and 2011

-2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

Euro area

Middle East and North Africa3

Central and South America

Emerging economies in

South East Asia2

Australia and Oceania

North America

Asia

EU27 countries excl. Euro area

Central and Eastern Europe1

BRICS Countries

in percentage points

1 Albania, Bosnia/Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Turkey2 Brunei Darussalam, Hong Kong, Singapore, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand3 Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunesia, UAE, Yemen


Share of worldmarkets 2011

exports 12.2%imports 16.0%exports 9.4%imports 8.7%exports 19.5%imports 18.6%exports 15.8%imports 19.0%exports 7.6%imports 5.9%exports 0.9%imports 0.4%exports 3.9%imports 4.3%exports 2.8%imports 2.9%exports 3.0%imports 1.4%exports 39.7%imports 37.7%

ImportExport


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Figure 7: The 10 countries with the greatest change in German export shares Change between 2010 and 2011


-0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

Spain

Belgium

Italy

Portugal

Greece

Poland

France

Turkey

China

Russia


Export shares2011

3.2 %

6.1 %

1.9%

9.6 %

4.1 %

0.5 %

0.7 %

5.9 %

4.4 %

3.3 %

Figure 8: The 10 countries with the greatest change in German import shares Change between 2010 and 2011



Import shares2011

9.1 %

4.5 %

5.0 %

2.3 %

0.4 %

2.5 %

5.4 %

1.4 %

1.1 %

8.8 %

-1.2 -1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

China

South Korea

Ireland

USA

Spain

Nigeria

Norway

United Kingdom

Russia

Netherlands


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Figure 10: Exports of the 10 most important groups of goods in 2011


17.4 %

15.2 %

9.5%

8.0 %

6.2 %

5.7 %

4.8 %

4.0 %

3.9 %

3.5 %

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Rubber and plastic goods

Other vehicles

Food and fodder

Pharmaceutical and other products

Metals

Electr. Equipment

Comp./electr. and optical equipment

Chemical products

Machines

Vehicles and vehicle parts

in billion euros

Share in totalgoods exports

Figure 9: Imports/exports in 2011 according to groups of goods

Exports Imports

Soucre: Federal Statistics Ofce; own calculations

Total: 1060.2 billion euros Total: 902.0 billion euros

Energy; 2.2%Other goods; 5.6%

Upstream goods; 32.3%Capital goods;

43.6%

Consumer goods and

durables; 16.6%

Agricultural goods; 0.9%

Energy; 13.2%

Other goods;

7.3%

Upstream goods; 30.4%

Capital goods;

27.9%

Agricultural goods; 3.1%

Consumer goods and

durables; 18.2%


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Figura 11: Imports of the 10 most important groups of goods in 2011


9.9 %

9.1 %

9.0 %

7.9 %

7.8 %

6.8 %

4.7 %

4.3 %

4.2 %

4.0 %

in billion euros

Share in totalgoods imports

0 20 40 60 80 100

Other vehicles

Food and fodder

Pharmaceutical and other products

Electr. Equipment

Metals

Machines

Chemical products

Vehicles and vehicle parts

Oil and gas

Comp./electr. and optical equipment


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Facts About German Foreign Trade in 2011

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