Factors that influence speech
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Transcript of Factors that influence speech
Correctness and appropriateness Factors
ParticipantsSocial contextTopicFunction
Speech functions
A: Do you want a coffee?B: Actually, I'm a bit pushed for time.
A: Could I just borrow your book for a moment?
B: Actually, I'm just about to use it in class. Sorry.
A: How's John doing?B: Actually, he's doing all right!
(point to a window) Open the window. Please open the window. Could you open the window? Would you mind opening the window? I was wondering if you could open the
window for me?
Talking to your teacher:Open the window.Would you mind open the window?
Correctness refers to being grammatically correct.
Appropriateness refers to saying the right thing at the right time to the right person
Sociolinguistics is concerned with appropriateness
Participants Social context Topic Function
ParticipantsWho is speaking? Who are they speaking
to?
Intimate
Distant
High status
Low status
Social contextWhere are they speaking?
High formality
Low formality
Exchanging information
Low information
content
High information
content
Talking about a topic with friends
High affective content
Low affective content
FunctionWhy are they speaking?
The purpose of talk will affect its formExpressiveDirectiveReferentialPhatic
Expresses the speaker’s feelings I’m feeling great today. I love spring. I’m really tired this morning.
Attempts to get someone to do somethingClear the table.Don’t smoke here.Can you pass the salt?
Provides information In thirty seconds it will be three o’clock
sharp.There are eight main speech functions. I was born in Massachusetts.
Expresses closeness and empathy with othersHi, how are you? It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?The meal was lovely. You’re a fantastic
cook.You look tired. Are you okay?
There are othersMetalinguistic: to describe language Money is a mass (non-count) noun and car
is a count noun.Poetic: focuses on the rhythm of languagePeter Piper picked a peck of pickled
peppers.
Commissives: promises or threats I promise that I’ll hand in my paper
tomorrow.Performatives: expresses formal
language, e.g., marriage vows, bets, declarations of war, etc.
I now pronounce you man and wife.
Correctness and appropriateness Factors
ParticipantsSocial contextTopicFunction
Speech functions