CHAPTER 2 ANIMALS AS ORGANISMS

FactThere are more than a million different kinds of animals on Earth.

Taxonomy and Names Taxonomy is the science of

classifying organisms. Scientific names is based on the

taxonomy of an animal species. Each animal has a two part name. (Genus and Species)

Common name is the name of everyday conversation.

Kingdom animalia share three traits Animals are made up of cells Animals can move about on their own Animals get their food form other

sources

Structure and Functions

Animals are classified into two groups: Vertebrate – an animal with a backbone Invertebrate - an animal without a backbone

Classes Animals are classified into three main

classes: Birds – feathers, light bones, Fish – Scales , breathe through gills Mammals – mammary glands, females

produce milk, have hair, teeth, 4- chambered heart, regulated body temperature.

Life Processes Animal life

needs are Getting and

using food Movement Circulation Respiration Growth and

repair Secretion Sensation Reproduction

The Structural Basis of Animals

Cell Division – Mitosis and Meiosis Cell Specialization – Tissue and Organs

Anatomy – form, shape, and appearance of the animal

Bones – Hard, semi-rigid tissue that forms the skeleton on the animal

The five shapes of bone are: Short – cubed shaped Flat - skull Irregular – complex with

varying shapes Sesamoid – small and

embedded in tendons (small)

Long - longer than wide - legs

Bone Structure Cartilage – rubbery tissue found at ends

of long bones and between vertebrates Growth Plates – place where cartilage is

formed in layers. These layers become bone and new layers of cartilage is formed. Repeats until adulthood.

Marrow – yellow ( mostly fat) and red ( network of blood vessels and blood forming cells.

Major Animal Systems and Physiology

Muscular System Skeletal System Digestive System Respiratory System Circulatory System Excretory System Lymphatic System Nervous System Integumentary System Reproductive System