Face Negotiation Theory

Shelby Studebaker

No, not that kind of face.You’re on the right track, though.

Okay, so what is it?

The Face Negotiation Theory explains how populations of specific cultures or subcultures respond to conflict. This theory specifically relates to how people present themselves differently to others when dealing with interpersonal conflict. These presentations are the “faces” researched in this theory.

Basically, the theory talks about how people perceive themselves vs. how they want others to perceive them.

These alternate versions of ourselves are the “faces” talked about in the theory

Who uses it?Pretty much anyone who has ever interacted with another human being.

That means YOU!

Even if you don’t realize it, everyone who interacts with someone else has a set idea of how they want to be perceived. They then alter their actions and words to portray this face.

Why should I care?This theory is very important to understand, not only from a communications standpoint, but a sociological standpoint. Proper interpersonal communication can ease stress caused by the need to maintain a specific face.

Basically, if you’re aware of this theory, you may be more likely to “be yourself” and stress out just a little less.

Criticism

The Face Negotiation Theory is intercultural in nature, and specifies how different cultures operate individualistically. However, the theory does not explain the actual behavior exhibited by people in these cultures.

Additionally, most research of this theory has been done on the Americas, Japan, and China. Because cultures are so different from one another, more research is needed in other cultures to form more universal ideas about the theory.

Anything else?

Yes, actually! While the Face Negotiation Theory has its roots in communication studies, it has very close ties with other disciplines, such as:

SociologyPsychologyAnthropologyLinguistics

…and many more!