Face Identification

PROJECT REPORT FACE IDENTIFICATION

FACE

IDENTIFICATION

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRACT

Criminal record generally contains personal information about particular person along with photograph. To identify any criminal we need some identification regarding person, which are given by eyewitnesses. In most cases the quality and resolution of the recorded image-segments is poor and hard to identify a face. To overcome this sort of problem we are developing software. Identification can be done in many ways like fingerprint, eyes, DNA etc. One of the applications is face identification. The face is our primary focus of attention in social inter course playing a major role in conveying identity and emotion. Although the ability to infer intelligence or character from facial appearance is suspect, the human ability to recognize faces is remarkable.

The operator first logs into the system by entering username and password. Then depending on the work allotted he has to select the screens from main menu screen. There are mainly three important function which he can do they are adding details, clipping image and finally construction of the face by using the eyewitness. The face that is finally formed is one the who has done the crime.

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CONTENTS

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FACE IDENTIFICATION

CONTENTSPage nos.

*Acknowledgement

*Abstract

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Organization Profile

1.2 Face Identification

2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Existing System

2.2 Proposed System

2.3 Feasibility Study

3. MODULE DESCRIPTION

3.1 Add Image

3.2 Clip Image

3.3 Construct Image

3.4 Identification

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4. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Software Requirements

4.2 Hardware Requirements

5. LITERATURE SURVEY

6. SYSTEM DESIGN

5.1 Detailed Design

5.1.1 UML Diagrams

5.2 Database Design

5.2.1 Dataflow Diagrams

5.2.2 Database Tables

5.2.3 E-R Diagrams

5.2.4 Screens.

7. TESTING

8. IMPLEMENTATION

9. CONCLUSION

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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INTRODUCTION

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ORGANIZATION

PROFILE

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1.1 CMC PROFILE

ABOUT CMC:

CMC limited is India’s largest one point computer support company providing a compete range of services. CMC has executed a large number of turnkeys IT projects the world over-like the passenger railway reservation system for Indian railways, ship planning systems for various ports in Europe, Traffic Management system at Bhilai steel plant and scheduling for London underground.

CMC’s education & programmer includes short term introductory level courses of one to three weeks duration for all range of users & IT professionals and long term certification/diploma courses for both beginners & IT professionals.

CMC limited offers a wide range of Education & Training services both in India and abroad. CMC took the lead in this field as long ago as 1978, when the first training programmer was held. CMC, in fact, is one of the first companies in information technology to offer such a programmer.

The excellence of CMC’s training program has been acknowledged by the participants from COMMANWEALTH secretariat, various United Nation’s Agencies, the World Bank, Ministry of External Affairs, Department of personnel, Member of Parliament, Officers of the Indian Administrative, Foreign

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and police service, and participants from the ministry of environment & forests and Indian banks.

CMC is leading information Technology Company in India providing IT solutions in all the core sectors of economy with a view to increase productivity and to improve the quality of life. CMC provides one point support to customers through its strategic business units namely.

Customer Services System Integration Education and Training Indonet.

WHY IT TRAINING:

Information and communication Technologies are rapidly changing and affecting every facet of human activity. As such huge job potential exists in IT an industry and ITES (IT Enabled Services) industry. India is recognized as a leader in IT and lot of World wide organizations are looking into India.

WHY CMC FOR IT TRAINING:

CMC is just not a training company. It has an expertise in all the latest technologies and application areas. This expertise is reflected in CMC training programmers.

CMC has a very wide network of training centers equipped with modern teaching aids.

CMC provides high quality training at affordable prices.

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CMC through its CET (Center for Education Technology) continuously updates courses/ standard course material.

Students coming out of CMC training coming out of CMC training programmers are accepted by industry.

WHAT CMC OFFERS IN IT TRAINING?

Degree Courses Entity Level Courses Professional Development Courses Customer request Courses Vender Certified Courses Career Development Courses Like Edast, CMCNet, DOIT,

DIIM, etc.,

CMC limited, India’s leading information technology company, offers users both in India and abroad arrange of services and solutions in areas like systems design and development, systems engineering, MultiFinder networking, consultancy, installation, training, maintenance and total facilities management.

CMC has extensive and continually updated expertise in real-time, on-line systems, process control, image processing, data communication, networking, parallel architectures, etc. Integrated with its horizontal expertise in information technology is CMC’s vertical expertise in whole range of industries both infrastructure industries like power, coal, oil and transportation, as well as service industries such as banking, law and order and education.

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It is this totality of expertise that has enabled CMC to develop a variety of superior IT products and to execute a number of complex and challenging projects, not only in India, but also in Europe, America, Africa, the Middle East and South East Asia.

FIRST CHALLENGE:

CMC limited commenced operation as “Computer Maintenance Corporation” in October 1976. The first challenge came just one year later in November 1977. IBM announced that it would cease its maintenance and support operations in India form June 1978. The entire Indian computer community, the majority of whom had IBM equipment, was thrown into confusion. It was at this juncture that CMC took a bold decision: it offered to provide maintenance services to all users of IBM equipment in India, regardless of the type, age size or location of their machines. The task was truly a staggering one but CMC faced it with confidence. Exactly six months later, CMC stepped into IBM shoes and took over the maintenance of over 800 IBM installations without any dislocation.

FURTHER A FIELD:

Even as maintenance operations for IBM equipment were established, the Corporation began looking further a field. While maintenance activities progressed apace, CMC turned its attention to other areas of computer support. Computer supporter. Computer centers were set up in different cities and a whole range of consultancy services were offered.

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Computer education and training programmers were started. The R&D Center at Hyderabad undertook pioneering projects in the areas of contemp9orary technology. Software development in data communications and database management became one of the Corporation’s fastest growing activities. And INDONET, India’s first national computer network began taking shape.

RE-DEFINING PRIORITIES:

It soon became evident that calling CMC maintenance Corporation did not reflect the wide scope of its activities and services. It was in recognition of this fact that in august, 1984, ‘Computer Maintenance Corporation’ became ‘CMC Limited’.

CMC TODAY:

While hardware maintenance continues to play a major role, CMC’s activities have advanced in many new directions. CMC is one of the leading systems Integrators in the country with multifaceted expertise in Information Technology as a part of the globalization activities. In the light of the growth of the communication sector and its importance to the liberalized economy, CMC revamped its communication network INDONET, in terms of new protocols, communication equipment as well as host systems. The need for highly specialized software engineering skills in the coming years has triggered increased Education & Training activities.

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In order to give focus to the above mentioned business areas; five strategic Business Units (subs) have been formed, namely, customer services, systems Integration, International Operations, INDONET and Education & Training. Each of the vertical units in the CMC’s line of business will operate as a profit center with increased overall productivity and accountability. This will also help to gauge the performance of various business activities in terms of contribution and other measures of excellence to achieve industry standards and ultimately result in greater customer satisfaction.

With 18 offices in India, a subsidiary company in USA, 760 software engineers, CMC caters to the IT requirements of customers from various fields, spread over a vast global area.

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FACE

IDENTIFICATION

1.2 FACE IDENTIFICATION

1.2.1 INTRODUCTION

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Face Identification is a technique that is mainly used to identify criminals based on the clues given by the eyewitnesses. Based on the clues we develop an image by using the image that we have in our database and then we compare it with the images already we have. To identify any criminals we must have a record that generally contains name, age, location, previous crime, gender, photo, etc.

The primary task at hand is, given still or video images require the identification of the one or more segmented and extracted from the scene, where upon it can be identified and matched. The word “image is defined as” an exact or analogous representation of a being or thing.” The image or monochrome image such as black and white paragraph is represented as two-dimensional light intensity function f (x, y) where x and y denotes spatial co-ordinates. A digital image is an image of f (x, y) that has been digitized both in spatial co-ordinate and brightness. The elements of such a digital array are called image elements, picture elements and pixels or pels.

1.2.2 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT:

This project is aimed to identify the criminals in any investigation department. Here the technique is we already store some images of the criminals in our database along with his details and that images are segmented into many slices say eyes, hairs, lips, nose, etc. These images are again stored in another database record so to identify any criminals; eyewitnesses will see the images or

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slices that appear on the screen by using it we develop the face, which may or may not be matched with our images. If any image is matched up to 99% then we predict that he is only the criminal. Thus using this project it provides a very friendly environment for both operator and eyewitness to easily design any face can identify criminals very easy.

1.2.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVE:

This project is intended to identify a person using the images previously taken. The identification will be done according the previous images of different persons.

1.2.4 PROJECT SCOPE:

The scope of the project is confined to store the image and store in the database. When a person has to be identified the images stored in the database are compared with the existing details.

1.2.5 PROJECT OVERVIEW:

This project can be used to identify a criminal in the investigation department. The project maintains the photographs of all the criminals. Each photograph is clipped into different parts.

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SYSTEM

ANANLYSIS

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EXISTING

SYSTEM

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

The development of face identification has been past from the year to years. In recent years to identify any criminal face they used to make a sketch or draw a image based on the eyewitnesses. It used to take more amount of time and it was very difficult task for any investigation department to easily

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catch the criminals within a stipulated time. In order to catch the criminals first they used to search their record whether to find out is there any record about that particular person in the past. In olden days each and every record was maintained in the books or registers or files which used to contain information about previous criminals with their names, alias name, gender, age, crime involved, etc. Here each and every task used to take the help of the person because they used to write in them and it needed very much of manual effort.

There are three major research groups, which propose three different approaches to the face recognition problem. The largest group has dealt with facial characteristics. The second group performs human face identification based on feature vectors extracted from profile silhouettes. The third group uses feature vectors extracted from a frontal view of the face. The first method is based on the information theory concepts in other words on the principal component analysis methods. In this approach, the most relevant information that best describes a face is derived from the entire face image. The second method is based on extracting feature vectors from the basic parts of a face such as eyes, nose, mouth and chin.

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS IN EXISTING SYSTEM:

Need of extra manual effort. It used to take much time to find any criminals Not very much accurate. Danger of losing the files in some cases. Need Good Knowledge in drawing.

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PROPOSED

SYSTEM

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

To overcome the drawbacks that were in the existing system we develop a system that will be very useful for any investigation department. Here the program keeps track of the record number of each slice during the construction of identifiable human face and calculate maximum number of slices of the similar record number. Based on this record number the program retrieves the personal record of the

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suspect (whose slice constituted the major parts of the constructed human face) on exercising the “locate” option.

2.2.1 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Very fast and accurate. No need of any extra manual effort. No fever of data loss. Just need a little knowledge to operate the system. Doesn’t require any extra hardware device. At last very easy to find the criminals.

2.2.2 OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Addition, Clipping, Construction and updating of the criminal record and face.

Comparing the image with the faces that are there in our database.

If any new images are found then it should be entered into our database by add image module and then it should be segmented into different slices.

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FEASIBILITY

STUDY

2.3 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Once the problem is clearly understood, the next step is to conduct feasibility study, which is high-level capsule version of the entered systems and design process. The objective is to determine whether or not the proposed system is feasible. The three tests of feasibility have been carried out.

Technical Feasibility

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Economical Feasibility Operational Feasibility

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

In Technical Feasibility study, one has to test Whether the proposed system can be developed using existing technology or not. It is planned to implement the proposed system using java technology. It is evident that the necessary hardware and software are available for development and implementation of the proposed system. Hence, the solution is technically feasible.

ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

As part of this, the costs and benefits associatedWith the proposed system compared and the project is economically feasible only if tangible or intangible benefits outweigh costs. The system development costs will be significant. So the proposed system is economically feasible.

OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

It is a standard that ensures interoperability Without stifling competition and innovation among users, to the benefit of the public both in terms of cost and service quality. The proposed system is acceptable to users. So the proposed system is operationally feasible.

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MODULE

DESCRIPTION

MODULES

Add Image Clip Image Construct Image Identification

A module is a small part of our project. This plays a very important role in the project and in coding concepts. In Software Engineering concept we treat it has a small part of a

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system but whereas in our programming language it is a small part of the program, which we also called as function in, some cases which constitute the main program.

Importance of modules in any software development side is we can easily understand what the system we are developing and what its main uses are. At the time of project we may create many modules and finally we combine them to form a system.

3.1 ADD IMAGE

Add Image is a module that is considered with adding image along with the complete details of the person of whom we are taking image. In this we add Image by importing from the Internet and store them in our system and database. This module is mainly considered for adding details of the criminals like name, age, alias name, gender, location, state, Arrested Date, etc. At the time of the adding image we give some criminal id to that particular person, so that it can be easily added to the database with any duplication of the data.

3.2 CLIP IMAGE

This modules main function is to divide the images into different pieces such as hairs, forehead, eyes, nose and lips and store them in the database and also creates the files onto our system.

3.3 CONSTRUCT IMAGE

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Based on the eyewitnesses we are going to construct the images. The witness will give us instruction by looking onto the screen on which there will be the parts of the images like eyes, hairs etc.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION

This module contains the interface to take the image from above module and it compares or searches with the images already there in the database. If any image is matched then we identify him/her as the criminal else we add that new image again to the database.

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REQUIREMENTS

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTSPECIFICATION

4.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

Operating System : Windows 2000Database Server : Oracle 9iProgramming Language : JavaFrame Work : Swing

4.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

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Processor : Pentium IVClock Speed : 2.86GHZ ProcessorHard disk : 2GBRAM : 256MB

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LITERATURE

SURVEY

OVERVIEW OF JAVA

Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naughton, Chris Warth, Ed Frank and Mike Sheridan at Sun Microsystems Inc.in 1991. It took 18 months to develop the first working version. This language was initially called “Oak” but was renamed as “Java” in 1995. Between the initial implementation of Oak in the fall of 1992 and the public announcement of Java in the

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spring of 1995, many more people contributed to the design and evolution of the language.

The main properties of the Java, which made Java so popular, are as follows:

1. Simple2. Secure3. Portable4. Object-Oriented5. Robust6. Multithreaded7. Architecture-Neutral8. Interpreted9. High performance10.Distributed11.Dynamic

The most striking feature of the language is that is a platform-neutral language. Java is first programming language that is not tied to any particular hardware or operating system. Programs developed in Java can be executed anywhere on any system.

THE KEY FEATURES OF JAVA IS BYTE CODE:

The key that allows Java to solve both the security and the portability problems just described is that the output of a Java compiler is not executable code. Rather, it is Byte

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code. Byte code is a highly optimized set of instructions designed to be executed by the Java runtime systems, which is called the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). That is, in its standard form, the JVM is an interpreter for Byte code. This may come has a bit of surprise.

Translating a Java program into a byte code helps and makes it much easier to run a program in a wide variety of environments. The reason is straightforward only the JVM needs to be implemented for each platform. Once the runtime package exists for a given system, any Java program can run on it. Remember, although the details of the JVM will differ from platform to platform, all interpret the same Java Byte code.

JAVA ENVIRONMENT:

Java environment includes a large number of development tools and hundreds of classes and methods. The development tools are the part of the system known as Java Development Kit (JDK) and the classes are methods are part of the Java standard library (JSL), also known as the Application Programming Interface (API).

JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT:

The Java development kit comes with a collection of tools that are used for developing and running Java programs. They include:

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1.Applet Viewer (for viewing Java Applets)2.Javac (Java Compiler)3.Java (Java interpreter)4.Javap (Java Disassembler)5.Javah (for C header files)6.Javadoc (for creating HTML documents)7. Jdb (Java Debugger)

APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE:

The Java standard library includes hundreds of classes and methods grouped into several functional packages. Most commonly used packages are:

Language support package: A collection of classes and methods required for implementing basic features of java.

Utilities package: A collection of classes to provide utility functions such as date and time functions.

Input/Output package: A collection of classes required for input & output manipulations.

Networking package: A collection of classes for communication with other computers via Internet.

AWT package: The abstract window toolkit package contains classes that implements platform independent graphical user interface.

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Applet package: This includes a set of classes that allows us to create Java applets.

OVERVIEW OF SWINGS

Swings are basically used to create a GUI look i.e. graphical user interface. A GUI presents a pictorial interface to a program. It allows the user to spend less time trying to remember which keystroke sequence do what and spends more time using the program in a productive manner.

The classes that are used to create the GUI components of swing are part of javax.swing package. These are the latest GUI components of java2 platform. Swing Components are written, manipulated and displayed completely in java.

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Difference Between AWT & Swings:The original GUI components from Abstract Windows

Toolkit package java.awt are tied directly to the local platforms graphical user interface capabilities. So, a java program executing on a different java platforms has a different appearance and sometimes even different user interaction on each platform.

The swing component allows the programmer to specify a different look and feel for each platform, or uniform look and feel across all platforms. Because swing components are written in Java, they provide a greater level of portability and flexibility than original java GUI component i.e. AWT. Swing components are often referred as lightweight components because they are written completely in Java so they are not “weighed down” by complex GUI capabilities of the platform on which they are used. Whereas AWT components that are tied to local platform are correspondingly called heavyweight components as they rely on the local platform windowing system to determine their functionality and their look and feel.

The important topics that play a very vital role in swings are as follows:

Component: A class component defines the methods that can be applied to an object of any subclass of component.

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Container: It is a collection of a related components, we attach components to the contentpane i.e. Container. Here two important methods which are important for a container are add & setLayout where we can add any components and set the size and position of that particular component.

JLabel: JLabel provides text information or information on GUI. It displays a single line of read-only text. We can add ToolTip & Icons to JLabel.

JtextField Or JPasswordField: these are single-line areas in which the users can enter text from keyboard or text can simply be displayed. JPasswordField is used to encrypt the text.

JButton: A Button is a component the user clicks to trigger a specific action. There are several types of buttons like Command buttons, CheckBoxes, ToggleButtons and RadioButtons.

JCheckBox & JRadioButton: The swing GUI component has three types of state buttons- JToggleButtons, JCheckBox and JRadioButton that have on/off or true/false values. A JRadioButton is different from a JCheckBox in the there are several JRadioButton are grouped and only one of the JRadioButton in the group can be selected at any time.

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JComboBox: A combobox also called as drop down list provides a list of items from which the users can make a selection.

JList: A List display a selection of items from which the user may select one or more items. JList support single-line selection List and multiple-selection list.

JPanel: This is used to arrange component in a exact location.

JTextArea: It provides an area for manipulating multiple lines of text.

JAVA DATABASE CONNECTIVITY (JDBC)

The Java database connectivity Application Programming Interface (API) is an API currently being designed by Sun Microsystems that provides a Java language interface with SQL Call Level Interface standard. This standard provides a DBMS independent interface to relational databases that defines a generic SQL database access framework.

The most visible implementation of the SQL CLI is Microsoft’s ODBC (Open Database Connectivity). This API defines a common SQL syntax and function calls that can be

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used by developers to send SQL commands to and retrieve data from SQL databases. ODBC - enabled applications make use of database drivers (similar to other device drivers) installed on the system that allows applications to talk to a vendor’s database. Using this methodology, all of the DBMS specific code is placed inside the ODBC driver and the application developer is shielded from implementation specific problems in theory. Practically speaking, it is sometimes difficult to completely remove vendor’s specific syntax from all ODBC operations, but in most cases, it is relatively simple task to port ODBC to run on a new database server.

ODBC’s primary drawback is that it is written in C. Because of the limitations inherent in the use of native methods, the JDBC designers have designed the JDBC specification to most easily use ODBC in short-term, but they have provided the capability long-term for JDBC to be implemented in other ways.

NOTE: JDBC, like ODBC, is designed to be a Call Level SQL Interface. Because many of its many of its low-level operations can be combined into a higher level, object oriented interface, except to see Java class libraries released in the future that provide a mapping to the underlying JDBC Calls. This happened with ODBC almost immediately, and the majority of ODBC developers currently use other Interface rather than using ODBC API directly.

The JDBC API is expressed as a series of abstract Java interfaces within the java.sql package. Here are the most commonly used interfaces:

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java.sql.DriverManager – manages the loading and unloading of database drivers from the underlying systems.

java.sql.Connection – Handles the connections to a specific database.

java.sql.Statement – contains an SQL statement to be passed to the database: two sub-types in this interface are the PreparedStatement (for executing a Pre-Compiled SQL statement) and the CallableStatement (for executing a database stored procedure).

java.sql.ResultSet – contains the record result set from the SQL statement passed to the database.

STEPS REQUIRED TO ACCESS A JDBC DATABASE

The steps required to access a JDBC database should be familiar. JDBC uses the concept of a “ Connection” handle to manage a program’s connection to a database.

ESTABLISING A CONNECTION

The first thing we need to do is establish a connection with the DBMS you want to use. This involves two steps :

1.Loading the driver: If, we want to use the JDBC-ODBC bridge driver, the following code will load it :

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Class.forName(“sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver”);

Our driver documentation will give us the class name to use. For instance, if the class name is jdbc.Driverxyz, you would load the driver with the following line of code:

Class.forName(“jdbc.Driverxyz”);

2. Making the connection : the second step in establishing a connection is to have the appropriate driver connect to the DBMS. The following line of code illustrates the general syntax:

Connection con; Con=DriverManager.getConnection (url,”scott”,”tiger”);

This step is also simple with the hardest thing being what to supply for URL. If you are using the JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver, the JDBC URL will start with jdbc:odbc:. The rest of the URL is generally your data source name or database system.

CREATING A STATEMENT

A statement needs to be created so that it can be passed to the database for processing. This is done by calling the connection class createStatement () method.

Syntax: Java.sql.Statement

st=connection.createStatement();

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RETREIVING VALUES FROM RESULT SET

JDBC returns results in a ResultSet object, so we need to declare in instance of the class ResultSet to hold our result. The following code demonstrates declaring the ResultSet object RS and assigning the results to query: ResultSet rs=st.executeQuery(“SELECT NAME FROM FACE”);

OVERVIEW OF ORACLE

DATABASE

A database is a set of data, organized for easy access. The database is an actual data; it is the database that you will be accessing when you need to retrieve data.

DATA DICTIONARY

The data dictionary is a set of tables Oracle uses to maintain information about the database. The data dictionary contains information about tables, indexes, clusters and so on.

DBA (DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR)

The DBA is the person responsible for the operation, configuration and performance of the database. The DBA is charged with keeping the database operating smoothly,

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ensuring that backups are done on regular basis (and that backups work), and installing new software. Other responsibilities might include planning for future expansion and disk space needs, creating databases and table spaces, adding users and maintaining security, and monitoring the database and retuning it as necessary. Large installations might have teams of DBA’s to keep the system running smoothly; alternatively, the task might be segmented among the DBA’s.

ORACLE

Oracle is a relational database management system, it provides a platform for client server computing i.e., it supports distributed database and distributed processing.

STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL)

SQL is an ANSI standard computer programming language used to query relational databases. The ANSI standard for SQL specifies the core syntax for language itself.

Create Table Command: This is used to create a table in database specifying the columns in it.

Syntax: create table table_name (column_name datatype(size));

Insertion of values: This is used to insert values to the specified columns in the table.

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Syntax: insert into table_name values (expressions);

Viewing Data from tables: This is used to view the content’s of the table created.Syntax: select * from table_name;

Creating a table from existing table: This is used to create a table from existing table by taking the columns needed.

Syntax: create table table_name[(column_name)] as select column_name from table_name;

Inserting data into a table from another table: This is used to insert rows from one table into another table.

Syntax : insert into table_name values select column_name from table_name;

Delete operation: The verb DELETE in SQL is used to remove all rows from table, or a selected set of rows from a table.

Syntax: delete from table_name; (deletes all rows)

Syntax: delete from table_name where condition; (deletes specified rows based on condition)

Updating the contents of a table: the update command is used to change or modify data values in a table. To update all the rows from table OR a select set of rows from a table.

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Syntax: update table_name set column_name = expression; (updates all the rows)

Syntax: update table_name set column_name =expression where condition; (updates selected rows based on condition)

Modifying existing columns: This is used in situation whenever we need to change the type and size of the column.

Syntax: Alter table table_name modify (column_name new datatype (new size));

Renaming tables: To change the table name. Syntax: rename oldtable_name to newtable_name;

Destroying tables: This is used to delete any table from the database.

Syntax: drop table_name;

Finding out the tables created by user: To display all the tables which are there in our database.

Syntax: select * from tab;

Finding out the columns details of a table created: To check which columns are present and what is there datatype& size we use this command i.e. desc.

Syntax: desc table_name;

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SYSTEM DESIGN

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DETAILED

DESIGN

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UML

DIAGRAMS

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UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE

UML is the international standard notation for object-oriented analysis and design. The Object Management Group defines it. The heart of object-oriented problem solving is the construction of a model. The model abstracts the essential details of the underlying problem from its usually complicated real world. Several modeling tools are wrapped under the heading of the UML™, which stands for Unified Modeling Language™.

AN OVERVIEW OF UML:

The UML is a language for Visualizing Specifying Constructing Documenting

These are the artifacts of a software-intensive system. The three major elements of UML are

The UML’s basic building blocks The rules that dictate how those building blocks may be

put together. Some common mechanisms that apply throughout the

UML.

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BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE UML:

The vocabulary of UML encompasses three kinds of building blocks:

Things Relationships Diagrams

Things are the abstractions that are first-class citizens in a model.

Relationships tie these things together.

Diagrams group the interesting collection of things.

THINGS IN THE UML:

They are the abstractions that are first-class citizens in a model. There are four kinds of things in the UML

1. Structural things2. Behavioral things.3. Grouping things.4. Annotational things.

These things are the basic object oriented building blocks of the UML. They are used to write well-formed models.

STRUCTURAL THINGS:

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Structural things are the nouns of the UML models. These are mostly static parts of the model, representing elements that are either conceptual or physical. In all, there are seven kinds of Structural things.

Class:

A class is a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, relationships, and semantics. A class implements one or more interfaces. Graphically a class is rendered as a rectangle, usually including its name, attributes and operations, as shown below.

Interface:

An interface is a collection of operations that specify a service of a class or component. An interface describes the externally visible behavior of that element.

Graphically the interface is rendered as a circle together with its name.

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ISpelling

Collaboration:

Collaboration defines an interaction and is a society of roles and other elements that work together to provide some cooperative behavior that’s bigger than the sum of all the elements. Graphically, collaboration is rendered as an ellipse with dashed lines, usually including only its name as shown below.

Chain

Use Case:

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Chain of Responsibili

ty


Use case is a description of a set of sequence of actions that a system performs that yields an observable result of value to a particular thing in a model. Graphically, Use Case is rendered as an ellipse with dashed lines, usually including only its name as shown below.

Active Class:

An active class is a class whose objects own one or more processes or threads and therefore can initiate control activity. Graphically, an active class is rendered just like a class, but with heavy lines usually including its name, attributes and operations as shown below.

Component:

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Place Order

Face Identification

Image

Suspend ()Flush ()


Component is a physical and replaceable part of a system that conforms to and provides the realization of a set of interfaces. Graphically, a component is rendered as a rectangle with tabs, usually including only its name, as shown below.

orderform.java

Node:

A Node is a physical element that exists at run time and represents a computational resource, generally having at least some memory and often, processing capability. Graphically, a node is rendered as a cube, usually including only its name, as shown below.

server

BEHAVIORAL THINGS:

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Behavioural Things are the dynamic parts of UML models. These are the verbs of a model, representing behaviour over time and space.

Interaction:

An interaction is a behavior that comprises a set of messages exchanged among a set of objects within a particular context to accomplish a specific purpose. Graphically, a message is rendered as a direct line, almost always including the name if its operation, as shown below.

Display

State Machine:

A state machine is a behavior that specifies the sequence of states an object are an interaction goes through during its lifetime on response to events, together with its responses to those events. Graphically, a state is rendered as a rounded rectangle usually including its name and its sub-states, if any, as shown below.

GROUPING THINGS:

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Waiting


Grouping things are the organizational parts of the UML models. These are the boxes into which a model can be decomposed.

Package:

A package is a general-purpose mechanism for organizing elements into groups.

Business Rules

ANNOTATIONAL THINGS:

Annotational things are the explanatory parts of the UML models.Note:A note is simply a symbol for rendering constraints and comments attached to an element or a collection of elements.

Graphically a note is rendered as a rectangle with dog-eared corner together, with a textual or graphical comment, as shown below.

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RELATIONSHIPS IN THE UML:

There are four kinds of relationships in the UML:1. Dependency2. Association3. Generalization4. Realization

1.Dependency: This is relationship between two classes whenever one class is completely dependent on the other class. Graphically the dashed line represents it with arrow pointing to the class that it is being depended on.

2. Association: It is a relationship between instances of the two classes. There is an association between two classes if an

instance of one class must know about the other in order to perform its work. In a diagram, an association is a link connecting two classes. Graphically it is represented by line as shown.

3. Generalization: An inheritance is a link indicating one class is a super class of the other. A generalization has a

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triangle pointing to the super class. Graphically it is represented by line with a triangle at end as shown.

4. Realization:

DIAGRAMS IN UML:

Diagrams play a very important role in the UML. There are nine kind of modeling diagrams as follows:

Use Case Diagram Class Diagram Object Diagram Sequence Diagram Collaboration Diagram State Chart Diagram Activity Diagram Component Diagram

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Deployment Diagram

CLASS DIAGRAM:

Class diagrams are the most common diagrams found in modeling object-oriented systems. A class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces, and collaborations and their relationships. Graphically, a class diagram is a collection of vertices and arcs.Contents:Class Diagrams commonly contain the following things:Classes

InterfacesCollaborationsDependency, generalization and association relationships

USE CASES DIAGRAM:

Use Case diagrams are one of the five diagrams in the UML for modeling the dynamic aspects of systems(activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, state chart diagrams and collaboration diagrams are the four other kinds of diagrams in the UML for modeling the dynamic aspects of systems). Use Case diagrams are central to modeling the behavior of the system, a sub-system, or a class. Each one shows a set of use cases and actors and relationships.

Common Properties:

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A Use Case diagram is just a special kind of diagram and shares the same common properties, as do all other diagrams- a name and graphical contents that are a projection into the model. What distinguishes a use case diagram from all other kinds of diagrams is its particular content.

ContentsUse Case diagrams commonly contain:Use Cases

ActorsDependency, generalization, and association relationships

Like all other diagrams, use case diagrams may contain notes and constraints. Use Case diagrams may also contain packages, which are used to group elements of your model into larger chunks. Occasionally, you will want to place instances of use cases in your diagrams, as well, especially when you want to visualize a specific executing system.

INTERACTION DIAGRAMS

An Interaction diagram shows an interaction, consisting of a set of objects and their relationships, including the messages that may be dispatched among them. Interaction diagrams are used for modeling the dynamic aspects of the system.

A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. Graphically, a sequence

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diagram is a table that shows objects arranged along the X-axis and messages, ordered in increasing time, along the Y-axis and messages, ordered in increasing time, along the Y-axis.

ContentsInteraction diagrams commonly contains:Objects

LinksMessages

Like all other diagrams, interaction diagrams may contain notes and constraints.

SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS:

A sequence diagram is an interaction diagram that emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. Graphically, a sequence diagram is a table that shows objects arranged along the X-axis and messages, ordered in increasing time, along the Y-axis.Typically you place the object that initiates the interaction at the left, and increasingly more sub-routine objects to the right. Next, you place the messages that these objects send and receive along the Y-axis , in order of increasing time from top to the bottom. This gives the reader a clear visual cue to the flow of control over time.

Sequence diagrams have two interesting features:

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1. There is the object lifeline. An object lifeline is the vertical dashed line that represents the existence of an object over a period of time. Most objects that appear in the interaction diagrams will be in existence for the duration of the interaction, so these objects are all aligned at the top of the

diagram, with their lifelines drawn from the top of the diagram to the bottom.

2. There is a focus of the control. The focus of control is tall, thin rectangle that shows the period of time during which an object is performing an action, either directly or through the subordinate procedure. The top of the rectangle is aligns with the action; the bottom is aligned with its completion.

ContentsSequence diagrams commonly contains Objects Object Life Line Focus Of Control

ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

An Activity Diagram is essentially a flow chart showing flow of control from activity to activity. They are used to model the dynamic aspects of as system. They can also be used to model

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the flow of an object as it moves from state to state at different points in the flow of control.

An activity is an ongoing non-atomic execution with in a state machine. Activities ultimately result in some action, which is made up of executable atomic computations that result in a change of state of distinguishes a use case diagram from all other kinds of diagrams is its particular content.

ContentsActivity diagrams commonly contain:ForkStart & End Symbol

STATE CHART DIAGRAMS

A state chart diagram shows a state machine. State chart diagrams are used to model the dynamic aspects of the system. For the most part this involves modeling the behavior of the reactive objects. A reactive object is one whose behavior is best characterized by its response to events dispatched from outside its context. A reactive object has a clear lifeline whose current behavior is affected by its past.

A state chart diagram show a state machine emphasizing the flow of control from state to state. A state machine is a behavior that specifies the sequence of states an object goes through during its lifetime in response to events together with its

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response to those events. A state is a condition in the life of the object during which it satisfies some conditions, performs some activity or wait for some events. An event is a specification of a significant occurrence that has a location in time and space.

Graphically a state chart diagram is a collection of vertices and arcs.

Contents:State chart diagram commonly contain:Simple states and Composite states.Transitions, events and actions.

CLASS DIAGRAM

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OBJECT DIAGRAM

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USE CASE DIAGRAM

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SEQUENCE DIAGRAM

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COLLABORATION DIAGRAM

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STATE CHART DIAGRAM

ADD MODULE

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CLIP IMAGE MODULE

UPDATE DETAILS:

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CONSTRUCT MODULE

SHOW DETAILS:

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ACTIVITY DIAGRAM

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Choose Option

COMPONENT DIAGRAM

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Login

Authentication

Valid User

Invalid UserMain Screen

Add Image Clip Image

Update Details

Construct Image

Search Process

Enter Details

Add to Database

Open Image&

Make Clips

Add Clips to Database

Open Record & Update

Add to database

Specify Feature

Search Image

Search Image &

Get Details

Result

End


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DATABASE

DESIGN

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DATA FLOW

DIAGRAMS

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

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A graphical tool used to describe and analyze the moment of data through a system manual or automated including the process, stores of data, and delays in the system. Data Flow Diagrams are the central tool and the basis from which other components are developed. The transformation of data from input to output, through processes, may be described logically and independently of the physical components associated with the system. The DFD is also know as a data flow graph or a bubble chart.

CONTEXT DIAGRAM:

The top-level diagram is often called a “context diagram”. It contains a single process, but it plays a very important role in studying the current system. The context diagram defines the system that will be studied in the sense that it determines the boundaries. Anything that is not inside the process identified in the context diagram will not be part of the system study. It represents the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and outgoing arrows respectively.

TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

Data Flow Diagrams are of two types as follows:

(a) Physical DFD

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(b) Logical DFD

1. PHYSICAL DFD :

Structured analysis states that the current system should be first understand correctly. The physical DFD is the model of the current system and is used to ensure that the current system has been clearly understood. Physical DFDs shows actual devices, departments, and people etc., involved in the current system

2. LOGICAL DFD:

Logical DFDs are the model of the proposed system. They clearly should show the requirements on which the new system should be built. Later during design activity this is taken as the basis for drawing the system’s structure charts.

BASIC NOTATION:

The Basic Notation used to create a DFD’s are as follows:

DATAFLOW: Data move in a specific direction from an origin to a destination.

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PROCESS: People, procedures, or devices that use or produce (Transform) Data. The physical component is not identified.

SOURCE: External sources or destination of data, which may be People, programs, organizations or other entities.

DATA STORE: Here data are stored or referenced by a process in

the System

DESIGN:

Design is the first step in moving from problem domain to the solution domain. Design is essentially the bridge between requirements specification and the final solution.

The goal of design process is to produce a model or representation of a system, which can be used later to build that system. The produced model is called the “Design of the System”. It is a plan for a solution for the system.

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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

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Login

Authentication

Valid User Invalid User

Main Screen

Add Image

Clip Image

Update Details

Construct Image

Search Process

Enter Details

Add to Database

Open Image&

Make Clips

Add Clips to Database

Open Record & Update

Add to database

Specify Feature

Search Image

Search Image &

Get Details

Result

End

Start


Choose Option

FACE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM

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FACE IDENTIFICATION

SYSTEM

EYE WITNESS

CRIMINAL FACE

OPERATOR


Context Flow Diagram

Description: Context Flow Diagram gives us the complete details about the inputs and outputs for a given system. In the above system the main task is to identify a criminal face. So, the operator and eyewitness are the inputs to our system and criminal face is desired output.

LOGIN PROCESS

User Id Password

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LOGIN PROCESS

ERROR ININPUT

SCREEN


Level-1

Description: The inputs to the process are User Id and Password given by the developer to allow the software available for the user environment. After giving the inputs the code checks whether the entered ones are valid are not. It displays screen if match occurs otherwise error message if they are not matched.

MAIN SCREEN PROCESS

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Level -2

Description: This process mainly explains the different screens that are available for the operator. Here the selection of the screen depends on the operator and he can select whatever screen he wants. The different screens that are available are Add Image, Show or Search Image, Clip Image and Construct Image.

ADD IMAGE PROCESS

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MAIN SCREENOPERATOR ADD IMAGE

SEARCH IMAGE

CLIP IMAGE

CONSTRUCT IMAGE


Level-3

Description: This process clearly illustrates adding the details of the criminal such as name, alias name, age, gender, location, address, state and city along with his photo. These details are being added to the database, if any error is generated then it will be prompted to the operator otherwise we get message data is successfully added.

CLIPPING PROCESS

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ADD PROCESSOPERATOR

DATABASE

DATA IS ADDED

ERROR


Level-4

Description: This is used for clipping the image into different slices say eyes, forehead, lips, hair and nose. The input for this is face which is divided into some slices which are stored in the database. Even though the image is divided into slices, the original image remains as it is.

UPDATE PROCESS

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EYES

NOSE

HAIR

FOREHEAD

DATABASE

FACE

DATABASE

FACE


Level-5

Description: Update process is mainly used for updating or modifying the details of the criminal or person. This is used in situation where we have entered the details incorrectly or we want to add some new details.

CONSTRUCT IMAGE

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OPERATOR UPDATE PROCESS

DATA UPDATED

DATABASE


Level-6

Description: Based on the instruction given by the eyewitnesses, the operator brings the clips of the images from the database and then goes for the construction of the image based on those clips.

COMPARISON PROCESS

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DATABASE

INSTRUCTION FACE

HAIR

EYES

NOSE

LIPS

FOREHEAD

DATABASE


Level-7

Description: The face that is constructed in the above process is sent to the comparison process where it searches the image in the database.

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COMPARISON PROCESS

FACERESULT


E-R DIAGRAMS

OVERVIEW OF E-R DIAGRAM

An E-R Diagram stand for Entity Relationship model is a tool that is commonly used to translate different

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views of data among managers, users and programmers to fit into a common framework, define data processing and constraint requirements to help us meet the different views and helps to implement the database.

The E-R model forms the basis of E-R diagram that represent the conceptual database as viewed by the end user. These diagrams depict the E-R model three main Components:

Entities Attributes Relationships.

1. ENTITIES

An entity at the E-R modeling level actually refers to the entity set not to a single entity occurance. In other words the word “entity” in the E-R model corresponds to a table and not to a row in the relational environment. The E-R model refers to a specific table row as an entity instance or entity occurrence. An entity is represented by a rectangle containing the entity occurrence. An entity is represented by a rectangle containing the entities name.

It is denoted by rectangle by specifying the table name in it.

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2. ATTRIBUTES

Attributes are represented by ovals and are connected to the entity with a line. Each oval contain the name of the attribute it represents. For example Criminal Details entity includes the attributes cid, fname, lname, etc.

3. RELATIONSHIP

A relationship is an association between entities. Each relation is identified so that its name is descriptive of the relation. Ideally the name is an active verb.

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Cid

fnamee age Crime

Involved

Forehead Hairs Nose

Chin


NORMALIZATION

In relation database design the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy. Normalization usually involves

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FACE

Conn-ected by

Face_heights

Face_Suspect photo

Crime Id

Suspect Photo Photo

Height

Conn-ected by

Face_Suspects

Crime Id

Cid


dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relations among tables. The objective is to isolate data so addition, deletion and modification of a field can be made in just one table and they propagated through rest of the database visa defined relations.

There are there main normal forms each with increasing level of normalization. First Normal From (1NF): - Each field in table contains

different information. For example in an employee list each table would contain only one birth date field.

Second Normal From (2NF): - Each field in table that is not determining of the contents of another field must it self are function of the other fields in the table.

Third Normal From (3Nf): - No duplicate information is permitted. So, for example if two tables both require birth date fields the birth date information would be spread in to separate table, and two another tables would then access the birth date information via an index field in the birth date table. Any changes in birth date would automatically reflect in all tables that link to that birth date

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DATABASE

TABLES

DATABASE TABLES

FACE

Field Name Data Type Size

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Criminal IdFirst NameLast NameAlias NameD.O.BAgeGenderAddressCityStateArrested DateCrime Involved InPhoto

NumberVarchar2Varchar2Varchar2

DateNumberVarchar2Varchar2Varchar2Varchar2

DateVarchar2Varchar2

5 (Primary Key)151515

515151515

1515

CRIMINAL_SUSPECT TABLE

Field Name Data Type SizeCriminal IdCid

NumberNumber

5 (Primary Key)5

FACE_HEIGHTS TABLE

Field Name Data Type SizeCriminal IdHairForeheadEyes

NumberNumberNumberNumber

5555

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NoseLipsChin

NumberNumberNumber

555

FACE_SUSPECTPHOTO

Field Name Data Type SizeCidSuspect PhotoSuspect Height

NumberVarchar2Varchar2

51515

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SCREENS

LOGIN SCREEN

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MAIN SCREEN

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NEW CRIMINAL FORM

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SHOW DETAILS

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CLIP IMAGE SCREEN

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UPDATE DETAILS SCREEN

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CONSTRUCT SCREEN

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FIND FACE

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HELP SCREEN

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TESTING

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TESTING PHASE

The completion of a system is achieved only after it has been thoroughly tested. Though this gives a feel the project is completed, there cannot be any project without going though this stage. Though the programmer may have taken many precautions not to commit any mistakes that crop up during the execution stage. Hence in this stage it is decided whether the project can under go the real time environment execution without any break downs, therefore a package can be rejected even at this stage.

The testing phase involves the testing of the developed system using various kinds of data. An elaborated testing of data is prepared and a system is tested using the test data. While testing, errors are noted and corrections remade, the corrections are also noted for future use.

SYSTEM TESTING

Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted systematically. The proposed system is tested in parallel with the software that consists of its own phases of analysis, implementation, testing and maintenance. Following are the tests conducted on the system.

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UNIT TESTING

During the implementation of the system each module of the system was tested separately to uncover errors with in its boundaries. User interface was used as a guide in the process.

MODULE TESTING

A module is composed of various programs related to that module. Module testing is done to check the module functionality and interaction between units within a module.

It checks the functionality of each program with relation to other programs within the same module. It then tests the overall functionality of each module.

INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program structure while conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit-tested module and build a program structure that has been dictated by design.

ACCEPTANCE TESTING

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The software has been tested with the realistic data given by the client and produced fruitful results. The client

satisfying all the requirements specified by them has also developed the software within the time limitation specified. A demonstration has been given to the client and the end-user giving all the operational features.

Unit Testing

S.no. Screen Input Output Remarks

1 Login Page User Id User User will

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Passwordvalidation enter into

Main Screen2 Main Screen

File New

Criminal Details are

entered

Details are stored in

the database

New Menu is selected to enter new criminal details.

3 Main Screen File

Show Details

Display option is clicked.

Criminal Details are displayed

Display details menu is selected

to get details from database.

4 Main Screen File Exit

Exit Option is Clicked.

Screen will be exited

Screen will be shut down

5 Main Screen Edit Clip

Image

Criminal Image is

clipped into different parts

The clips are stored

in database

Clip image menu is

selected to clip image and store them in

database6 Main Screen

Edit Update

Details

Changes in the details of the criminals are entered

Details of the

criminal are

updated

Update details menu is selected to update

the details of the criminals

7 Main Screen Different clips Face of the Construct

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Identification

Construct Face

of criminals are selected and arranged

in order

criminal is constructe

d

face menu is to construct the criminal face from

various clips stored in the

database.8 Main Screen

Identification

Find Face

Show all suspects is

checked

All suspects

detail along with photo are displayed

Show more suspect menu is

selected to get the

details of all suspects and more possible suspect

involved in crime.

9 Main Screen Help About

About Face Identification is checked

The version and the

overview of the

system is displayed

About face identification

system menu is

selected to get the

details of above

system.

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IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION PHASE

The implementation is the final and important phase. It involves User training, system testing and successful running

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of the developed system. The users test the developed system when changes are made according to the needs. The testing phase involves the testing of the developed system using various kinds of data. An elaborate testing of data is prepared and system is tested using the tests data.

Implementation is the stage where theoretical design turned into a working system. Implementation is planed carefully to propose system to avoid unanticipated problems. Many preparations involved before and during the implementation of proposed system. The system needed to be plugged in to the organization’s network then it could be accessed from anywhere, after a user logins into the portal. The tasks that had to be done to implement the system were to create the database tables in the organization database domain. Then the administrator was granted his role so that the system could be accessed.

The next phase in the implementation was to educate the system. A demonstration of all the functions that can be carried out by the system was given to examination department person, who will make extensive use of the system.

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CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

The purpose of face identification system is to identify criminals. In past years this process is carried out by humans. This process gives the exact image of the criminal but

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it is very difficult to identify the criminal details and also it requires much amount of human burden. The main aim of our project is to overcome the drawbacks of human based system by using the machine based face identification process. In this process we store the details of criminal into the database along with his photo or image. Then we make the image into different clips containing hair, forehead, eyes, nose, lips and chin and store these clips into the database. When any crime occurs we compare the details given by the eyewitness with the clips already stored in the database and we will identify the criminal. This project can be extended to adjust the gaps between the clips after construction of the image to be a perfect photograph using Image processing Techniques.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS REFERRED

The following books were used extensively for the project development and implementation.

1.”The Complete Reference Java2” Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Limited. By Herbert Schildt.

2. “Software Engineering, A Practitioner’s Approach” Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. By Roger S. Pressman.

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3. “PL/SQL”. By Ivan Bayross.

WEBSITES REFERRED

The following links were searched and exploited extensively for the project development and implementation.

1. http://www.java.sun.com/products\java 2. http://www.jakarta.apache.org 3. http://www.javaworld.com/ 4. http://www.java2s.com/

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http://www.java2s.com/

http://www.javaworld.com/

http://www.jakarta.apache.org/

http://www.java.sun.com/products%5Cjava

Face Identification

Documents

Transcript of Face Identification