Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design
description
Transcript of Façade Engineering Environmentally Sustainable Design
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Façade EngineeringEnvironmentally Sustainable Design
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Structurally sound Fire-safe Does not leak Comfortable Controlled Ventilation
MEETS BUILDING CODES AND THE MINIMUM STANDARD OF CARE
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Source : Rockwool International website
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Source : Architecture 2030
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DEFINITION OF A GREEN BUILDING
A building that meets codes and saves ENERGY
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USE LESS GLASS !
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Concept glass cube house to showcase furniture with extra clear glass by Santambrogiomilano
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The biggest cost items in high-rise office buildings are typically SUPERSTRUCTURE,
FACADES and MEP SERVICES
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LIMIT THE GLAZING AREA TO 30 – 35%
USE HIGH PERFORMANCE GLASS
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PROVIDE CORRECT VENTILATIONadopt ASHRAE Standard 62
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PROPER COMMISSIONING
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The Impact ofFAÇADE
Son
Energy Efficiency
of Buildings
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U.S. Energy Consumption by Sector. A reorganization of existing data - combining the energy required to run residential, commercial, and industrial buildings along with the embodied energy of industry-produced materials like carpet, tile, and hardware - exposes architecture as the hidden polluter
Source : Architecture 2030
architecture is the hidden polluter
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What shall we do?
DESIGN STRATEGIES
TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS
OFF-SITE RENEWABLE ENERGY
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Source : UK Energy Efficiency Best Practice Program Energy Consumption Guide 19: Energy Use in Offices
ENERGY USE IN OFFICES
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Air conditioning load is due to lighting, equipment, people and
heat gained through the facade
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How efficient is your façade?
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OTTVOverall Thermal Transfer
Value
WATTS PER M2
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HEAT W =OTTV x skin area
W / m2 x
m2
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externalenvironment
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OTTV x (1-WWR) x Uw + x WWR x Uf + x x
WWR x CFTdeq SCSFDT
DIFFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENTTEMPERATURE DIFFERENCESOLAR FACTORSOLAR CORRECTION FACTORSHADING COEFFICIENT
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α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC)
15 6 194
OTTV Simplified Formula
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Qgcglass
conduction
Qwcwall
conduction
Qgsglasssolar
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α (1 −WWR)Uw + (WWR)Uf + ( x CF x WWR x SC)
15 6 194
WALL HEATWINDOW HEATSOLAR THROUGH GLASS
OTTV
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Qgcglass
conduction
Qwcwall
conduction
Qgsglasssolar
5%
10% - 20%80%
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15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )
OTTVSimplified Formulaα Uw
UfSCCF
BLACK 0.9 – 1.0WHITE 0.15 – 0.3SILVER / ALUMINIUM
0.1
SOLAR ABSORPTION FACTORU VALUE
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15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )
OTTVα Uw
UfSCCF
SOLAR CORRECTION FACTOR
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Orientation of Buildings
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15 (1 −WWR) + 6(WWR) + (194 x x WWR x )
OTTVα Uw
UfSCCF
SHADING COEFFICIENT
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The lower the SC, the darker the
interior
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The higher the VLT, the lighter the interior,
but beware of GLARE
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SHADINGCOEFFICIENTSC
SC = SC1 x SC2
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15 (1 − ) + 6( ) + (194 x x x )
OTTVα Uw
UfSCCF
Window Wall Ratio WWR WWR WWR
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The Window Wall Ratio
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Window WallRatio
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WWR - Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
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Sound insulation does not work when the air gap is small, say 6 mm
Increase air gap = 20 - 100 mm
DGUdouble glazed unit
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Low-Emissivity Glass
Type of Glass R ValueSingle Pane regular glass 0.85Clear Insulated Glass 7/8 inch overall thickness 2.08Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass 2.45Hard Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon 2.75Soft Coat Low-E insulated Glass 3.50Soft Coat Low-E insulated glass with argon 4.35
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Soft Coat Low-E glass
Silver, zinc, or tin are sputtered onto the surface of the glass where they stick. Coating is not strong and easily scratched
Hard Coat Low-E glass
Molten tin is heat welded to the glass. Coating is very strong and difficult to scratch or remove
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RNC
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NRNC
RNC EE CRITERIA PointsEE1 : Minimum EE PerformanceEE2 : Renewable EnergyEE3 : Advanced EE Performance based on OTTV + RTTVEE4 : Home Office + ConnectivityEE5 : Sustainable Maintenance
3510
23
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RNC
EE1 : MINIMUM EEPERFORMANCE
INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere.REQUIREMENT PointsMeet MS 1525:2007 specifications: OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2
RTTV ≤ 25 W/m2
ANDRoof U values≤ 0.4 W/m2K for lightweight roofs≤ 0.6 W/m2K for heavyweight roofs
3
ROOF WEIGHT GROUPlightweight roof = < 50 kg/m2
heavyweight roof = > 50 kg/m2
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RNC
EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCE
Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
Glass Shading Coefficient0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
OTTV 37 42 48 53 55 58 60 63 66 68
Existing Design - Assumptions
WWR = 25 %Glazing SC = 0.85Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 KWall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 KOTTV = 63 W/m2
Target OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2
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RNC
EE1 : MINIMUM EE PERFORMANCEROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS
123
4,5
6
123
4
Target Roof U Value
≤ 0.6 W/m2K
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RNC
EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCEINTENTEnhance building to provide thermally comfortable environment to reduce the use of air-conditioningREQUIREMENT Points OTTV ≤ 46 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.35 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.5 W/m2K
(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 44 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.30 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.4 W/m2K
(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 42 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.25 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.3 W/m2K
(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 40 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.20 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.2 W/m2K
(heavywt) OTTV ≤ 38 W/m2, Roof U values ≤ 0.15 W/m2K (lightwt), ≤ 0.15 W/m2K
(heavywt)
2
4
6
8
10
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RNC
EE3 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE
Window / Wall Ratio (%)11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29
OTTV 36 39 44 47 51 55 59 63 67 71
Glass Shading Coefficient0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95
OTTV 37 42 48 53 55 58 60 63 66 68
Design to MS 1525:2007
WWR = 25 %Glazing SC = 0.60Glazing U-Value = 5.7 W/m2 KWall U-Value = 3.2 W/m2 KOTTV = 50 W/m2
Target OTTV ≤ 46 W/m2 - 2
points ≤ 44 W/m2 - 4
points ≤ 42 W/m2 - 6
points ≤ 40 W/m2 - 8
points ≤ 38 W/m2 - 10
points
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RNC
EE3 : ADVANCED EEPERFORMANCE
ROOF U VALUE CALCULATIONS
+2 point
s
+6point
s
+10 point
s
+4 point
s
+8 point
s
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NRNC
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NRNC EE CRITERA PointsDESIGN EE1 : Minimum EE PerformanceEE2 : Lighting ZoningEE3 : Electrical Sub-MeteringEE4 : Renewable EnergyEE5 : Advanced EE Performance
1 3 1 515
COMMISSIONINGEE6 : Enhanced CommissioningEE7 : Post Occupancy Commissioning
32
VERIFICATION & MAINTENANCEEE8 : EE VerificationEE9 : Sustainable Maintenance
23
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NRNC
EE1 : MINIMUM EEPERFORMANCE
INTENT Establishing minimum EE performance to reduce energy consumption in buildings, thus reducing carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere.REQUIREMENT Points Meet MS 1525:2007
specifications : OTTV ≤ 50 W/m2
RTTV ≤ 25 W/m2
AND Provision of EMS where
air-conditioned space ≥ 4,000m2
1
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NRNC
EE5 : ADVANCED EEPERFORMANCE
INTENTExceed EE performance and achieve Building Energy Intensity ≤150 kWh/m2 yrREQUIREMENT Points Achieve BEI ≤ 150
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 140
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 130
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 120
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 110
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 100
kWh/m2 yr Achieve BEI ≤ 90 kWh/m2
yr
Values above are for Office buildings only
2358101215
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NRNC
EE5 : ADVANCED EE PERFORMANCE
BEI of office buildings in
Malaysia
Source : PTM
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What's on the Horizon?
Source : Reliant Energy Retail Holdings LLC
Using refractive and reflective optics allows direct daylight to be distributed deeper into a building's core.
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THANK YOU
Fenestra Malaysia Sdn Bhd
J-5-12 Solaris Mont Kiara2 Jalan Solaris
50480 Kuala Lumpur
T +603 6205 1288F +603 6205 1289E [email protected]