Fabrication of PS_Clay Nanocomposites
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Transcript of Fabrication of PS_Clay Nanocomposites
Fabrication of Polystyrene/Clay nanocomposites
by
Vivek Patil
(708042)
Nitin Purohit
(708044)
Under guidance of
Dr. R.K.Goyal
Objective
To fabricate polystyrene matrix composite by changing the weight percent of the nano sized clay particles for packaging and timing belt applications
To study effect of wt. % of clay on various properties of PS/ Clay nanocomposite
Introduction
Composite
1. Definition
2. Nano compositesPolystyrene
1. Structure
2. PropertiesClay
1. Types
2. Properties
Properties of polystyrene
Colorless substance
Thermoplastic polymer
Glass transition temp. – 85 to 125 ºC
Melting point – 240 ºC
Used in automobiles, consumer electronics, packaging.
Nano Clay particles
Inorganic material Types 1. Fireclay 2. Bentonite 3. Limonite 4. Kalonite Montmorillonite (MMT) 1. Sodium and Calcium MMT 2. High aspect ratio
Properties of Polystyrene and Clay
Sr.
No.Properties Polystyrene Clay
1 Density 1.05 g/cc 1.70 g/cc
2 Tensile strength 46–60 MPa 101 MPa
3Coefficient of Thermal
Expansion8× 10−5 /K 1.72×10-8/K
4 Dielectric constant 2.4- 2.7 1.8- 2.8
Experimental process
Clay/ Chloroform + Sonication Polystyrene
PS/ CLAY were mixed in chloroform using Magnetic stirrer with heating for 4 hrs .
Drying in oven at 65oC for 2 hrs.
Hot pressing at 200oC / 300 kg
Composite pellet of 5 mm thickness and 13 mm diameter
Characterization
Hot pressing of composite film
Temperature 200°C
Load 300 kg
Soaking Time 15 min.
Line diagram of hot compression
Pellet Dimensions t= 5 mm d= 13 mm
3 Samples with 0wt.%, 2wt.% and 5wt.% of Clay in PS were prepared
Density measurement
Volume fraction :
Vf = Wf / [Wf + (1-Wf).ρf / ρm ]
Theoretical density by Rule of Mixture :
ρTh = (ρm Vm + ρf Vf)
Experimental density by Archimedes method :
ρExp = [Wair / (Wair -Walcohol)]. ρalcohol
Density Vs Wt. % of Clay
Wt. % of Clay Experimental density Theoretical density
0 1.0042 1.05
2 1.0195 1.058
5 1.0265 1.071
Micro hardness measurement
Microhardness - resistance to indentation Using Vickers Microhardness tester (FM 700 Future
Tech.) Load - 100 gm Dwell time - 15 sec Vickers hardness(Hv) :
Hv = (1.8544×P)/ d2
Microhardness Vs Wt. % of Clay
SampleAverage
Reading (Hv)
Pure PS 16.35
2%
Clay/PS16.50
5%
Clay/PS16.85
Dielectric Constant measurement
Dielectric constant – measure of degree of slow down of electromagnetic waves travelling through insulating material
Using Precision Impedance Analyzer (Wayne Kerr 6500 B), Capacitance is measured
Dielectric constant : Ԑ = (c×t)/( Ԑ0×A)
Dielectric Constant Vs Wt. % of Clay(10 MHz)
Results
Nanocomposites of PS/ Clay of various compositions can be prepared by using hot pressing with proper loading.
The mass of sample depends on the weight percentage of filler. Density of nanocomposite increases as clay content increases Microhardness of nanocomposite increases as Wt. % of clay in
PS increases Dielectric constant of nanocomposite increases as clay content
increases
Future Scope
Study on effect of change in wt.% of clay in PS/Clay nanocomposite on
a) Melt flow index
b) Coefficient of thermal expansion
To study the dispersion of Clay in nanocomposites by XRD.
Acknowledgements
We are immensely thankful to HOD, Dr. M. J. Rathod for allowing us to carry the project out. Our sincere thanks to our guide Dr. R. K. Goyal who helped us in every way while doing the project work. All other professors and non-teaching staff of the department were also very helpful to us throughout the project. All the B.Tech students and Mr. Amol Kadam from M.Tech working in the same area helped us too.
References
1.R.K. Goyal , A.N. Tiwari , Y.S. Negi
Microhardness of PEEK/ceramic micro- and nanocomposites: Correlation with Halpin–Tsai model
2.Tsung et al.
Preparation of exfoliated PS/Clay nanocomposites, advances materials 17 (2005) 1769-1773.
3. Yuaci Hu et al.”Nanoindentation study of Nylon 11/Clay
composites”, Polymer Testing 25 (2006) 492-497.
4.Santosh D. and I.P.Jog,”Polybutene/clay nanocomposites and its properties” Polymer science 41 (2003) 1021-1041.
Thank You.