FA2014 RR Index Card

8/15/2019 FA2014 RR Index Card

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"Butterfly" facial rash anRaynaud phenomenon in

young female. Disease/D



Systemic lupus

erythematosus



"Cherry-red spots" on

macula. Disease/Dx?



Tay-Sachs (gangliosideaccumulation) or Nieman

Pick (sphingomyelinaccumulation), centralretinal artery occlusion



"Strawberry tongue".

Disease/Dx?



Scarlet fever, Kawasakidisease, toxic shock

syndrome



"Worst headache of my

life". Disease/Dx?



Subarachnoid hemorrha



1° amenorrhea.

Association?



Turner syndrome (45,XO



1° bone tumor (adults)

Association?



Multiple myeloma



1° hyperaldosteronism

Association?



Adenoma of adrenal cort



1° hyperparathyroidism

Association?



Adenomas, hyperplasia

carcinoma



1° liver cancer.

Association?



Hepatocellular carcinom

(chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis,

hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)



2° hyperparathyroidism

Association?



Hypocalcemia of chroni

kidney disease



Abdominal pain, asciteshepatomegaly.Disease/Dx?



Budd-Chiari syndrome(posthepatic venous

thrombosis)



Achilles tendon xanthom

Disease/Dx?



Familialhypercholesterolemia ( d

LDL receptor signaling



Actinic (solar) keratosis

Association?



Precursor to squamous c

carcinoma



Acute gastric ulcerassociated with CNS inju

Association?



Cushing ulcer (incintracranial pressure

stimulates vagal gastricsecretion)



Acute gastric ulcerassociated with severe

burns. Association?



Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume

results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)



Adrenal hemorrhage,hypotension, DIC.

Disease/Dx?



Waterhouse-Friderichsesyndrome

(meningococcemia)



Alternating areas of transmural inflammatio

and normal colon. Association?



Skip lesions (Crohn

disease)



Aneurysm, dissecting.

Association?



Hypertension



Anterior "drawer sign" (+

Disease/Dx?



Anterior cruciate ligame

injury



Aortic aneurysm,abdominal and descendin

aorta. Association?



Atherosclerosis



Aortic aneurysm, arch.

Association?



3° syphilis (syphiliticaortitis), vasa vasorum

destruction



Aortic aneurysm,

ascending. Association?



Marfan syndrome(idiopathic cystic media

degeneration)



Arachnodactyly, lensdislocation, aortic

dissection, hyperflexibl joints. Disease/Dx?



Marfan syndrome (fibrill

defect)



Athlete with polycythemi

Disease/Dx?



2° to erythropoietin

injection



Atrophy of the mammilla

bodies. Association?



Wernicke encephalopath

(thiamine deficiency causing ataxia,

ophthalmoplegia, andconfusion)



Autosplenectomy (fibrosand shrinkage).

Association?



Sickle cell anemia

(hemoglobin S)



Back pain, fever, nightsweats, weight loss.

Disease/Dx?



Pott disease (vertebral T



Bacteria associated withgastritis, peptic ulcer

disease, and stomachcancer. Association?



H. pylori



Bacterial meningitis (adu

and elderly). Association



Streptococcus pneumoni



Bacterial meningitis(newborns and kids).

Association?



Group B

streptococcus/E.coli(newborns), S.

pneumoniae/ Neisseriameningitidis (kids)



Benign melanocytic nevu

Association?



Spitz nevus (most commo

in 1st two decades)



Bilateral hilar adenopath

uveitis. Disease/Dx?



Sarcoidosis (noncaseatin

granulomas)



Bleeding disorder withGpIb deficiency.

Association?



Bernard-Soulier syndrom(defect in platelet adhesi

to von Willebrand factor



Blue sclera. Disease/Dx



Osteogenesis imperfect

(type I collagen defect)



Bluish line on gingiva.

Disease/Dx?



Burton line (lead

poisoning)



Bone pain, boneenlargement, arthritis.

Disease/Dx?



Paget disease of bone ( inosteoblastic and

osteoclastic activity)



Bounding pulses, diastolheart murmur, head

bobbing. Disease/Dx?



Aortic regurgitation



Brain tumor (adults).

Association?

Supratentorial: metastas



Supratentorial: metastas

> astrocytoma (includinglioblastoma multiforme

meningioma >schwannoma



Brain tumor (kids).

Association?

Infratentorial:



Infratentorial:

medulloblastoma(cerebellum) or

supratentorial:craniopharyngioma



Breast cancer. Associatio



Infiltrating ductal

carcinoma



Breast mass. Association



Fibrocystic change,carcinoma (in

postmenopausal women



Breast tumor (benign). Association?



Fibroadenoma



Cafe -au-lait spots, Lischnodules (iris hamartoma

Disease/Dx?



Neurofibromatosis type (+ pheochromocytoma

optic gliomas)

Cafe -au-lait spots



Cafe-au-lait spots,

polyostotic fibrousdysplasia, precocious

puberty, multiple endocriabnormalities. Disease/D



McCune-Albrightsyndrome (mosaic G-

protein signaling mutatio



Calf pseudohypertrophyDisease/Dx?

l d h (



Muscular dystrophy (mocommonly Duchenne): X

linked recessive deletion dystrophin gene



Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) Association?



Rhabdomyoma, often seein tuberous sclerosis



Cardiac manifestation olupus. Association?



Libman-Sacks endocardi(nonbacterial, affecting

both sides of mitral valv



Cardiac tumor (adults) Association?



Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4left to right atrium; "bal

and valve")



Cerebellar tonsillarherniation. Association



Chiari II malformation



Chest pain on exertionDisease/Dx?

A i ( t bl ith



Angina (stable: withmoderate exertion;

unstable: with minimalexertion)

Chest pain pericardial



Chest pain, pericardialeffusion/friction rub,

persistent fever followinMI. Disease/Dx?

Dressler syndrome



y

(autoimmune-mediatedpost-MI fibrinous

pericarditis, 1-12 weeksafter acute episode)



Child uses arms to stand from squat. Disease/Dx



Gowers sign (Duchennemuscular dystrophy)

Child with fever later



Child with fever later

develops red rash on facthat spreads to body.

Disease/Dx?

"Slapped cheeks"



Slapped cheeks

(erythemainfectiosum/fifth disease

parvovirus B19)



Chorea, dementia, caudadegeneration. Disease/D



Huntington disease(autosomal dominant CA

repeat expansion)



Chronic arrhythmia. Association?



Atrial fibrillation(associated with high ris

of emboli)



Chronic atrophic gastrit(autoimmune).

Association?



Predisposition to gastricarcinoma (can also cau

pernicious anemia)

Chronic exercise



intolerance with myalgiafatigue, painful cramps

myoglobinuria.Disease/Dx?



McArdle disease (musclglycogen phosphorylase

deficiency)



Clear cell adenocarcinomof the vagina. Association



DES exposure in utero



Cold intolerance.Disease/Dx?



Hypothyroidism



Compression fracture. Association?

Osteoporosis (type I:



Osteoporosis (type I:

postmenopausal womantype II: elderly man or

woman)



Condition: Absenceseizures. Tx?



Ethosuximide



Condition: Acute goutattack. Tx?



NSAIDs, colchicine



Condition: Acutepromyelocytic leukemia

(M3). Tx?



All-trans retinoic acid



Condition: ADHD. Tx?



Methylphenidate,amphetamines



Condition: Alcohol usedisorder. Tx?

AA + disulfiram,



,

naltrexone, or acamprosafor patient. Al-Anon for

patient's family



Condition: Alcohol withdrawal. Tx?



Benzodiazepines



Condition: Anorexia. Tx



Nutrition, psychotherap



Condition: Anticoagulatiduring pregnancy. Tx?



Heparin



Condition: Arrhythmia idamaged cardiac tissue

Tx?



Class IB antiarrhythmic(lidocaine, mexiletine,

tocainide)



Condition: B12 deficiencTx?



Vitamin B12supplementation (work u

cause with Schilling test



Condition: Benign prostahyperplasia. Tx?



Tamsulosin, finasteride



Condition: Bipolardisorder. Tx?

Lithium, valproate,



carbamazepine,lamotrigine (mood

stabilizers)



Condition: Breast cancerpostmenopausal woman

Tx?



Aromatase inhibitor(anastrozole)



Condition: Buerger diseaTx?



Smoking cessation



Condition: Bulimianervosa. Tx?



SSRIs



Condition: Candidaalbicans. Tx?



Amphotericin B (systeminystatin (oral thrush),

azoles (vaginitis)



Condition: Carcinoidsyndrome. Tx?



Octreotide



Condition: Chlamydiatrachomatis. Tx?

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxon



for gonorrhea coinfectionerythromycin eye drops

(prophylaxis in infants)



Condition: Chronic goutTx?

Probenecid



(underexcretor),allopurinol (overproduce

febuxostat



Condition: Chronichepatitis. Tx?



IFN-α



Condition: Chronicmyelogenous leukemia. T



Imatinib



Condition: Clostridium botulinum. Tx?



Antitoxin



Condition: Clostridiumdifficile. Tx?



Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomyc



Condition: Clostridiumtetani. Tx?



Antitoxin + vaccine boost+ diazepam



Condition: CMV. Tx?



Ganciclovir



Condition: Crohn diseasTx?



Corticosteroids, infliximamethotrexate, azathiopri



Condition: Cryptococcuneoformans. Tx?



Fluconazole (prophylaxis AIDS patients)

Condition:



Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic

cystitis. Tx?



Mesna

di i i



Condition: Depression. T

(fi li )



SSRIs (first-line)



DDAVP (central);

h d hl hi id



hydrochlorothiazide,indomethacin, amilorid

(nephrogenic)

C di i Di b



Condition: Diabetesmellitus type 1. Tx?

Dietary intervention (low) i li



sugar) + insulin

replacement

C di i Di b



Condition: Diabetesmellitus type 2. Tx?

Dietary intervention, orah l i d i l



hypoglycemics, and insul

(if refractory)

C diti Di b ti



Condition: Diabeticketoacidosis. Tx?

Fl id i li K



Fluids, insulin, K+

C diti E t i



Condition: EnterococciTx?



C diti ER b t



Condition: ER+ breastcancer. Tx?

T if



Tamoxifen

C diti E til



Condition: Erectiledysfunction. Tx?

Sild fil d fil



Sildenafil, vardenafil

Condition: Ethylenel l/ th l



glycol/methanolintoxication. Tx?

Fomepi ole (alcohol



Fomepizole (alcoholdehydrogenase inhibitor

Condition: Generalized



Condition: Generalizedanxiety disorder. Tx?

Buspirone



Buspirone

Condition: Granulomatowith polyangiitis



with polyangiitis(Wegener). Tx?

Cyclophosphamide



Cyclophosphamide,corticosteroids

Condition: Haemophilu



Condition: Haemophiluinfluenzae (B). Tx?

Rifampin (prophylaxis)



Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Condition: Heparin toxic



Condition: Heparin toxic(acute). Tx?

Protamine sulfate



Protamine sulfate

Condition: HER2/neu+



Condition: HER2/neu+ breast cancer. Tx?

Trastuzumab



Trastuzumab

Condition:



Condition:Hyperaldosteronism. Tx

Spironolactone



Spironolactone

Condition:



Condition:Hypercholesterolemia. T

Statin (first-line)



Statin (first-line)

Condition:



Condition:Hypertriglyceridemia. Tx

Fibrate



Fibrate

Condition: Immediatel



Condition: Immediateanticoagulation. Tx?

Heparin



Heparin

Condition: Infertility Tx



Condition: Infertility. Tx

Leuprolide GnRH( l il ) l i h



Leuprolide, GnRH(pulsatile), clomiphene

Condition: Influenza Tx



Condition: Influenza. Tx

Rimantadine oseltamiv



Rimantadine, oseltamiv

Condition: Legionellahil T ?



Condition: Legionellapneumophila. Tx?

Erythromycin



Erythromycin

Condition: Long-termti l ti T ?



Condition: Long termanticoagulation. Tx?

Warfarin



Warfarin

Condition: Malaria. Tx?



Condition: Malaria. Tx?

Chloroquine/mefloquin

(for blood schizont),i i (f li



(for blood schizont),primaquine (for liver

hypnozoite)

Condition: Malignanth perthermia T ?



Condition: Malignanthyperthermia. Tx?

Dantrolene



Dantrolene

Condition: Medicalabortion Tx?



Condition: Medicalabortion. Tx?

Mifepristone



Mifepristone

Condition: Migraine. Tx



C g

Sumatriptan



p

Condition: MRSA. Tx?



Vancomycin



y

Condition: Multiplesclerosis Tx?



psclerosis. Tx?

β-interferon,

immunosuppression,



pp ,natalizumab

Condition: Mycobacteriutuberculosis Tx?



ytuberculosis. Tx?

RIPE (rifampin, INH,pyrazinamide ethambuto



( p , ,pyrazinamide, ethambuto

Condition: Neisseriagonorrhoeae Tx?



gonorrhoeae. Tx?

Ceftriaxone (add

doxycycline to cover like



y yconcurrent Chlamydia)

Condition: Neisseriameningitidis Tx?



meningitidis. Tx?

Penicillin/ceftriaxone,rifampin (prophylaxis)



/rifampin (prophylaxis)

Condition: Neural tubedefect prevention Tx?



defect prevention. Tx?

Prenatal folic acid



Condition:Osteomalacia/rickets. Tx



Osteomalacia/rickets. Tx

Vitamin Dsupplementation



supplementation

Condition: OsteoporosisTx?



Tx?

Bisphosphonates; calciu

and vitamin Dl i



supplementation

Condition: Patent ductuarteriosus. Tx?



arteriosus. Tx?

Indomethacin



Condition:Pheochromocytoma. Tx



y

α-antagonists (e.g.,phenoxybenzamine)



p y )

Condition: Pneumocysti jirovecii. Tx?



j

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis AIDS patient)



p )



Bromocriptine (dopaminagonists)



g )

Condition: Prostate

cancer/uterine fibroidsT ?



Tx?

Leuprolide, GnRH(continuous)



Condition: Prostatecarcinoma. Tx?



Flutamide



Condition: Pseudomonaaeruginosa. Tx?



Antipseudomonalpenicillin + aminoglycosi



Condition: Pulmonary

arterial hypertension(idiopathic) Tx?



(idiopathic). Tx?

Sildenafil, bosentan,epoprostenol



Condition: Rickettsiarickettsii. Tx?



Doxycycline,

chloramphenicol(associated with aplasti



anemia)

Condition: Ringworminfections. Tx?



Terbinafine, griseofulvinimidazole



Condition: Schizophreni(negative symptoms). Tx



Condition: Schizophreni(positive symptoms). Tx



D2 receptor antagonist

(e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotic



generation antipsychotic

Condition: SIADH. Tx?



Condition: Sickle cellanemia. Tx?



Hydroxyurea (inc fetalhemoglobin)



Condition: Sporothrixschenckii. Tx?



Oral potassium iodide



Condition: Stable anginaTx?



Sublingual nitroglycerin



Condition: Staphylococcaureus. Tx?



MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillidicloxacillin

(antistaphylococcalpenicillins); MRSA:



p );

vancomycin

Condition: Streptococcu bovis. Tx?



Penicillin prophylaxis;

evaluation for colon cancif linked to endocarditis



Condition: Streptococcupneumoniae. Tx?



Penicillin/cephalospori(systemic infection,

pneumonia), vancomyci



(meningitis)

Condition: Streptococcupyogenes. Tx?



Penicillin prophylaxis



Condition: Temporalarteritis. Tx?



High-dose steroids



Condition: Tonic-clonicseizures. Tx?



Phenytoin, valproate,carbamazepine



Condition: Toxoplasmagondii. Tx?



Sulfadiazine +pyrimethamine



Condition: Treponemapallidum. Tx?



Penicillin



Condition: Trichomona vaginalis. Tx?



Metronidazole (patient apartner)



Condition: Trigeminal

neuralgia (tic douloureuxTx?



Carbamazepine



Condition: Ulcerativecolitis. Tx?



5-ASA, infliximab,colectomy



Condition: UTIprophylaxis. Tx?



TMP-SMX



Condition: Warfarintoxicity. Tx?



Fresh frozen plasma

(acute), vitamin K (chronic)



Congenital adrenal

hyperplasia, hypotension Association?



21-hydroxylase deficienc



Congenital cardiacanomaly. Association?



VSD



Congenital conjugated

hyperbilirubinemia (blacliver). Association?



Dubin-Johnson syndrom(inability of hepatocytes

secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)



b b b )

Conjugate lateral gaze

palsy, horizontal diplopiDisease/Dx?



Internuclearophthalmoplegia (damag

to MLF; bilateral [multipsclerosis], unilateral



[stroke])

Constrictive pericarditis Association?



TB (developing world); S(developed world)



Continuous "machine-lik

heart murmur.Disease/Dx?



PDA (close with

indomethacin; open ormaintain with misoprosto



Coronary artery involved

thrombosis. Association



LAD > RCA > LCA



Cretinism. Association?



Iodine

deficit/hypothyroidism



Cushing syndrome.

Association?



* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticostertherapy)* Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes

excess cortisol)* ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma * Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACT



secretion by tumors)

Cutaneous/dermal edem

due to connective tissuedeposition. Disease/Dx



Myxedema (caused by

hypothyroidism, Gravesdisease [pretibial])



Cyanosis (early; less

common). Association?



Tetralogy of Fallot,

transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosu



Cyanosis (late; more

common). Association?



VSD, ASD, PDA



Dark purple skin/mouth

nodules in a patient with AIDS. Disease/Dx?



Kaposi sarcoma, associat

with HHV-8



Death in CML.

Association?



Blast crisis



Death in SLE. Associatio



Lupus nephropathy



Deep, labored

breathing/hyperventilatioDisease/Dx?



Kussmaul respirations

(diabetic ketoacidosis)



Dementia. Association?



Alzheimer disease, multip

infarcts



Demyelinating disease i

young women. Associatio



Multiple sclerosis



Dermatitis, dementia,

diarrhea. Disease/Dx?



Pellagra (niacin [vitami

B3] deficiency)



Severe sepsis, obstetriccomplications, cancer,

burns, trauma, majorsurgery



Dietary deficit.

Association?



Iron



Dilated cardiomyopathy

edema, alcoholism ormalnutrition. Disease/D



Wet beriberi (thiamine

[vitamin B1] deficiency



Diverticulum in pharynx

Association?



Zenker diverticulum

(diagnosed by bariumswallow)



Dog or cat bite resulting

infection. Disease/Dx?



Pasteurella multocida

(cellulitis at inoculationsite)



Dry eyes, dry mouth,

arthritis. Disease/Dx?



Sjo gren syndrome

(autoimmune destructioof exocrine glands)



Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron

deficiency anemia.Disease/Dx?



Plummer-Vinson syndrom(may progress to

esophageal squamous cecarcinoma)



Ejection click. Associatio



Aortic/pulmonic stenosi



Elastic skin, hypermobili

of joints. Disease/Dx?



Ehlers-Danlos syndrom

(type III collagen defect



Enlarged, hard left

supraclavicular node.Disease/Dx?



Virchow node (abdomin

metastasis)



Erythroderma,lymphadenopathy,

hepatosplenomegaly,atypical T cells.

Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Mycosis fungoides(cutaneous T-cell lymphom

or Se zary syndrome (mycofungoides + malignant T cein blood)



Esophageal cancer.

Association?



Squamous cell carcinom

(worldwide);adenocarcinoma (U.S.)



Facial muscle spasm upo

tapping. Disease/Dx?



Chvostek sign

(hypocalcemia)



Fat, female, forty, and

fertile. Disease/Dx?



Cholelithiasis (gallstone



Fever, chills, headachemyalgia following

antibiotic treatment forsyphilis. Disease/Dx?



Jarisch-Herxheimerreaction (rapid lysis of

spirochetes results in toxrelease)



Fever, cough,

conjunctivitis, coryza,diffuse rash. Disease/Dx



Measles



Fever, night sweats, weig

loss. Disease/Dx?



B symptoms (staging) o

lymphoma



Fibrous plaques in softtissue of penis.

Disease/Dx?



Peyronie disease

(connective tissue disorde



Food poisoning (exotoxi

mediated). Association?



S. aureus, B. cereus



Glomerulonephritis

(adults). Association?



Berger disease (IgA

nephropathy)



Gout, intellectual disabiliself-mutilating behavior

a boy. Disease/Dx?



Lesch-Nyhan syndrome(HGPRT deficiency, X-

linked recessive)



Green-yellow rings arounperipheral cornea.

Disease/Dx?



Kayser-Fleischer rings(copper accumulation fro

Wilson disease)



Gynecologic malignancy

Association?



Endometrial carcinoma(most common in U.S.)

cervical carcinoma (moscommon worldwide)



Hamartomatous GI polyphyperpigmentation of

mouth/feet/hands.Disease/Dx?



Peutz-Jeghers syndrom(inherited, benign

polyposis can cause bowobstruction; inc cancer

risk, mainly GI)



risk, mainly GI)

Heart murmur, congenit

Association?



Mitral valve prolapse



Heart valve in bacterial

endocarditis. Association



Mitral > aortic (rheumatfever), tricuspid (IV dru

abuse)



Helminth infection (U.S

Association?



Enterobius vermicularis

Ascaris lumbricoides



Hematoma—epidural.

Association?



Rupture of middlemeningeal artery (traum

lentiform shaped)



Hematoma—subdural.

Association?



Rupture of bridging vein

(crescent shaped)



Hemochromatosis.

Association?



Multiple blood transfusionor hereditary HFE mutatio(can result in CHF, "bronzediabetes," and increased risof hepatocellular carcinom



Hepatocellular carcinom

Association?



Cirrhotic liver (associate with hepatitis B and C an

with alcoholism)



Hepatosplenomegaly,osteoporosis, neurologisymptoms. Disease/Dx



Gaucher disease(glucocerebrosidase

deficiency)



Hereditary bleeding

disorder. Association?



von Willebrand disease



Hereditary harmless

jaundice. Association?



Gilbert syndrome (benigcongenital unconjugate

hyperbilirubinemia)



Hereditary nephritis,sensorineural hearing los

cataracts. Disease/Dx?



Alport syndrome (mutati

in collagen IV)



Ankylosing spondylitisreactive arthritis, ulcerati

colitis, psoriatic arthriti



HLA-DR3 or -DR4.

Association?



Diabetes mellitus type 1

rheumatoid arthritis, SL



Holosystolic murmur.

Association?



VSD, tricuspidregurgitation, mitral

regurgitation



Hypercoagulability,endothelial damage, bloo

stasis. Association?



Virchow triad (results in

venous thrombosis)



Hyperphagia,hypersexuality,

hyperorality, hyperdociliDisease/Dx?



Klu ver-Bucy syndrome

(bilateral amygdala lesio



Hyperreflexia, hypertoniBabinski sign present.

Disease/Dx?



UMN damage



Hypertension, 2°.

Association?



Renal disease



Hypoparathyroidism.

Association?



Accidental excision durin

thyroidectomy



Hypopituitarism.

Association?



Pituitary adenoma (usua

benign tumor)



Hyporeflexia, hypotoniaatrophy, fasciculations

Disease/Dx?



LMN damage



Hypoxemia, polycythemi

hypercapnia. Disease/Dx



"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia o

mucous cells)



Indurated, ulcerated

genital lesion. Disease/D



Nonpainful: chancre (1

syphilis, Treponemapallidum) Painful, with

exudate: chancroid(Haemophilus ducreyi)



Infant with cleft lip/palat

microcephaly orholoprosencephaly,

polydactyly, cutis aplasiDisease/Dx?



Patau syndrome (trisom

13)



Infant with failure to

thrive,hepatosplenomegaly, an

neurodegeneration.Disease/Dx?



Niemann-Pick disease(genetic sphingomyelina

deficiency)



Infant with hypoglycemifailure to thrive, and

hepatomegaly.Disease/Dx?



Cori disease (debranchin

enzyme deficiency) or VoGierke disease (glucose-6

phosphatase deficiency, mosevere)



Infant with microcephal

rocker-bottom feet,clenched hands, and

structural heart defect.Disease/Dx?



Edwards syndrome

(trisomy 18)



Infection 2° to blood

transfusion. Association



Hepatitis C



Infections in chronicgranulomatous disease

Association?



Staphylococcus aureus, E

coli, Aspergillus (catalase



Intellectual disability.

Association?



Down syndrome, fragile

syndrome



Jaundice, palpabledistended non-tender

gallbladder. Disease/Dx



Courvoisier sign (distal

obstruction of biliary tre



Kidney stones.

Association?



Calcium = radiopaque

Struvite (ammonium) =radiopaque (formed by ureaseorganisms such as Proteus

vulgaris or Staphylococcus);Uric acid = radiolucent



Labs: "Apple core" lesioon abdominal x-ray.

Disease/Dx?



Colorectal cancer (usual

left-sided)



Labs: "Bamboo spine" on

ray. Disease/Dx?



Ankylosing spondylitis(chronic inflammatory

arthritis: HLA-B27)



Labs: "Boot-shaped" hea

on x-ray. Disease/Dx?



Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH



Labs: "Brown" tumor o

bone. Disease/Dx?

H th idi



Hyperparathyroidism o

osteitis fibrosa cystica(deposited hemosiderin

from hemorrhage gives brown color)



Labs: "Chocolate cyst" o

ovary. Disease/Dx?



Endometriosis (frequent

involves both ovaries)



Labs: "Hair on end" (crewcut) appearance on x-ray

Disease/Dx?



β-thalassemia, sickle ceanemia (marrow

expansion)



Labs: "Honeycomb lungon x-ray or CT.

Disease/Dx?



Interstitial pulmonary

fibrosis



Labs: "Lead pipe"appearance of colon on

barium enema x-ray.Disease/Dx?



Ulcerative colitis (loss o

haustra)



Labs: "Lumpy bumpy"appearance of glomeruli

immunofluorescence.Disease/Dx?



Poststreptococcalglomerulonephritis

(immune complexdeposition of IgG and C3



Labs: "Nutmeg"appearance of liver.

Disease/Dx?



Chronic passive congestiof liver due to right hear

failure



Labs: "Onion skin"periosteal reaction.

Disease/Dx?



Ewing sarcoma (maligna

round-cell tumor)



Labs: "Soap bubble" infemur or tibia on x-ray

Disease/Dx?



Labs: "Spikes" on basememembrane, "dome-likesubepithelial deposits.

Disease/Dx?



Membranousglomerulonephritis (ma

progress to nephroticsyndrome)

Labs: "Tennis racket"-



Labs: Tennis racket

shaped cytoplasmicorganelles (EM) in

Langerhans cells.Disease/Dx?

Birbeck granules



Birbeck granules

(Langerhans cellhistiocytosis or

histiocytosis X:eosinophilic granuloma



Labs: "Thumb sign" onlateral x-ray. Disease/Dx



Epiglottitis (Haemophiluinfluenzae)

Labs: "Tram-track"



Labs: Tram-track

appearance of capillary looof glomerular basement

membranes on lightmicroscopy. Disease/Dx?



Membranoproliferativeglomerulonephritis



Labs: "Waxy" casts with very low urine flow.

Disease/Dx?



Chronic end-stage renadisease

b " i l "



Labs: "Wire loop"glomerular capillary appearance on light

microscopy. Disease/Dx



Lupus nephropathy



Labs: Anti-glomerular basement membrane

antibodies. Disease/Dx



Goodpasture syndrome(glomerulonephritis and

hemoptysis)



Labs: Anti-IgG antibodieDisease/Dx?

Rh t id th iti



Rheumatoid arthritis(systemic inflammation

joint pannus, boutonnie

rdeformity)



Labs: Anti-topoisomerasantibodies. Disease/Dx



Diffuse systemicscleroderma

L b A ti



Labs: Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysiaantibodies. Disease/Dx



Celiac disease (diarrheadistention, weight loss)



Labs: Anticentromereantibodies. Disease/Dx



Scleroderma (CREST)



Labs: Antidesmoglein(epithelial) antibodies.

Disease/Dx?



Pemphigus vulgaris(blistering)



Labs: Antihistoneantibodies. Disease/Dx



Drug-induced SLE(hydralazine, INH,

phenytoin, procainamid



Labs: Antimitochondriaantibodies (AMAs).

Disease/Dx?



1° biliary cirrhosis (femacholestasis, portal

hypertension)



Labs: Antineutrophilcytoplasmic antibodies

(ANCAs). Disease/Dx?

Microscopic polyangiitis andCh St d



Churg-Strauss syndrome(MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);granulomatosis with

polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3- ANCA/c-ANCA)



SLE (type IIIhypersensitivity)



Labs: Antiplateletantibodies. Disease/Dx



Idiopathicthrombocytopenic purpu

Labs: Azurophilic



peroxidase, + granularinclusions in granulocyte

and myeloblasts.Disease/Dx?



Auer rods (AML, especialthe promyelocytic [M3]

type)



Labs: Bacitracin responsDisease/Dx?

Sensitive: Streptococcu




pyogenes (group A);resistant: Streptococcus

agalactiae (group B)



Labs: Basophilic nuclearemnants in RBCs.

Disease/Dx?



Howell-Jolly bodies (duesplenectomy or

nonfunctional spleen)



Labs: Basophilic stipplinof RBCs. Disease/Dx?



Lead poisoning orsideroblastic anemia



Labs: Bloody tap on LPDisease/Dx?



Subarachnoid hemorrha



Actinomyces israelii



Labs: Bronchogenic apiclung tumor on imaging

Disease/Dx?

Pancoast tumor (can



(

compress sympatheticganglion and cause Horn

syndrome)



Labs: Cardiomegaly witapical atrophy.

Disease/Dx?



Chagas disease(Trypanosoma cruzi)



Labs: Cellular crescents Bowman capsule.

Disease/Dx?



Rapidly progressivecrescentic

glomerulonephritis

Labs: Circular grouping



g p g

dark tumor cellssurrounding pale.

Disease/Dx?

Homer-Wright rosettes



(neuroblastoma,medulloblastoma,

neurofibrilsretinoblastoma)



Labs: Colonies of mucoiPseudomonas in lungs.

Disease/Dx?

Cystic fibrosis (autosom



recessive mutation in CFTgene --> fat-soluble

vitamin deficiency andmucous plugs)



Labs: Decreased AFP inamniotic fluid/materna

serum. Disease/Dx?



Down syndrome or othechromosomal abnormali



Labs: Degeneration of dorsal column nerves.

Disease/Dx?

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphili



subacute combineddegeneration (dorsal

columns and lateralcorticospinal tracts affecte



Labs: Depigmentation oneurons in substantia

nigra. Disease/Dx?

Parkinson disease (basa



ganglia disorder: rigidityresting tremor,

bradykinesia)



Labs: Desquamatedepithelium casts in sputu

Disease/Dx?

Curschmann spirals



(bronchial asthma; canresult in whorled mucou

plugs)



Labs: Disarrayed granulocells in eosinophilic fluid

Disease/Dx?



Call-Exner bodies(granulosa-theca cell tum

of the ovary)



Labs: Dysplastic squamocervical cells with nuclea

enlargement. Disease/Dx

Koilocytes (HPV:



predisposes to cervicalcancer) and

hyperchromasia



Labs: Enlarged cells witintranuclear inclusion

bodies. Disease/Dx?



"Owl eye" appearance oCMV



Labs: Enlarged thyroidcells with ground-glass

nuclei. Disease/Dx?



"Orphan Annie" eyes nuc(papillary carcinoma of t

thyroid)



Labs: Eosinophiliccytoplasmic inclusion in

liver cell. Disease/Dx?



Mallory body (alcoholicliver disease)



Labs: Eosinophiliccytoplasmic inclusion in

nerve cell. Disease/Dx?



Lewy body (Parkinsondisease)



Labs: Eosinophilic globuin liver. Disease/Dx?



Councilman body (toxic viral hepatitis, often yello

fever)

Labs: Eosinophilic



inclusion bodies incytoplasm of hippocamp

and cerebellar nerve cellDisease/Dx?



Negri bodies of rabies



Labs: Extracellular amylodeposition in gray matter

brain. Disease/Dx?



Senile plaques (Alzheimdisease)

Labs: Giant B cells with



bilobed nuclei withprominent inclusions

("owl's eye"). Disease/Dx



Reed-Sternberg cells(Hodgkin lymphoma)

Labs: Glomerulus-like



structure surrounding vessel in germ cells.

Disease/Dx?



Schiller-Duval bodies (yosac tumor)



Labs: hCG elevated.Disease/Dx?

Choriocarcinoma,



hydatidiform mole (occu with and without embry

and multiple pregnancy

Labs: Heart nodules



(granulomatous).

Disease/Dx?



Aschoff bodies (rheumatfever)



Labs: Heterophileantibodies. Disease/Dx



Infectious mononucleos(EBV)

Labs: Hexagonal, double



pointed, needle-likecrystals in bronchial

secretions. Disease/Dx?

Bronchial asthma



(Charcot-Leyden crystal

eosinophilic granules)



Labs: High level of D-dimers. Disease/Dx?



DVT, PE, DIC

Labs: Hilar lymphadenopath

i h l l l i



peripheral granulomatous lesiin middle or lower lung lobe

(can calcify). Disease/Dx?

h l (



Ghon complex (1° TB:Mycobacterium bacilli)

Labs: Hypercoagulabilit

(l di i i



(leading to migrating DVand vasculitis).

Disease/Dx?

Trousseau syndromed f



(adenocarcinoma of

pancreas or lung)

L b H d



Labs: Hypersegmentedneutrophils. Disease/Dx

Megaloblastic anemia (Bdeficiency: neurologic

f l



symptoms; folate

deficiency: no neurologisymptoms)

Labs: Hypertension,h k l i b li



hypokalemia, metabolic

alkalosis. Disease/Dx?

C d



Conn syndrome

Labs: Hypochromic,i i i



microcytic anemia.Disease/Dx?

Iron deficiency anemia

l d i i th l



lead poisoning, thalassem(fetal hemoglobin

sometimes present)

Labs: Increased AFP ini ti fl id/ t



amniotic fluid/maternaserum. Disease/Dx?

Dating error, anencephali bifid ( l t b



spina bifida (neural tubdefects)

L b I d i i



Labs: Increased uric acilevels. Disease/Dx?

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan

d t l i



syndrome, tumor lysissyndrome, loop and

thiazide diuretics

Labs: Intranucleari hili d l t lik



eosinophilic droplet-lik bodies. Disease/Dx?

C d t A b di (H



Cowdry type A bodies (Hor CMV)

Labs: Iron-containingd l i l l t



nodules in alveolar septuDisease/Dx?

Ferruginous bodies(asbestosis: inc chance o



(asbestosis: inc chance omesothelioma)

Labs: Keratin pearls on



Labs: Keratin pearls on skin biopsy. Disease/Dx





Labs: Large lysosomal

vesicles in phagocytes



vesicles in phagocytes,immunodeficiency.

Disease/Dx?

Che diak-Higashi diseas(congenital failure of



(congenital failure of phagolysosome formatio

Labs: Linear appearance

IgG deposition on



IgG deposition onglomerular basement.

Disease/Dx?

Goodpasture syndrome



Goodpasture syndromemembrane

Labs: Low serumceruloplasmin



ceruloplasmin.Disease/Dx?

Wilson disease(hepatolenticular



(hepatolenticulardegeneration)

Labs: Lytic ("holepunched") bone lesions o



punched ) bone lesions ox-ray. Disease/Dx?

Multiple myeloma



Multiple myeloma

Labs: Mammary gland("blue domed") cyst



( blue domed ) cyst.Disease/Dx?

Fibrocystic change of th



Fibrocystic change of th breast

Labs: Monoclonal antibo



Labs: Monoclonal antibospike. Disease/Dx?

* Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA* Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUSconsequence of aging)



consequence of aging)* Waldenstro m (M protein = IgM)

macroglobulinemia or*Primary amyloidosis

Labs: Mucin-filled cell wi

peripheral nucleus



peripheral nucleus.Disease/Dx?

"Signet ring" (gastric



Signet ring (gastriccarcinoma)

Labs: Narrowing of bow

lumen on barium x-ray



lumen on barium x rayDisease/Dx?

"String sign" (Crohndi )



String sign (Crohndisease)

Labs: Necrotizing vasculi

(lungs) and necrotizingl l h i i



(lungs) and necrotizingglomerulonephritis.

Disease/Dx?

Granulomatosis withpolyangiitis (Wegener; PR3

ANCA/c-ANCA) andG d d (



ANCA/c ANCA) andGoodpasture syndrome (ant

basement membraneantibodies)

Labs: Needle-shaped,

negatively birefringent



negatively birefringentcrystals. Disease/Dx?

Gout (monosodium uratl )



Gout (monosodium uratcrystals)

Labs: Nodular hyaline

deposits in glomeruli



deposits in glomeruli.Disease/Dx?

Kimmelstiel-Wilson

nodules (diabetic



nodules (diabeticnephropathy)

Labs: Novobiocin responDi /D ?



Labs: Novobiocin responDisease/Dx?

Sensitive: Staphylococcu

epidermidis; resistant:St h l



epidermidis; resistant:Staphylococcus

saprophyticus

Labs: Optochin responsDi /D ?



Labs: Optochin responsDisease/Dx?


pneumoniae; resistant:



pneumoniae; resistant: viridans streptococci

Labs: Periosteum raised

from bone, creatingtriang lar area



from bone, creatingtriangular area.

Disease/Dx?

Codman triangle on x-ra

(osteosarcoma, Ewingsarcoma pyogenic



(osteosarcoma, Ewingsarcoma, pyogenic

osteomyelitis)

Labs: Podocyte fusion o

"effacement" on electro



effacement on electromicroscopy. Disease/Dx

Minimal change disease

(child with nephrotic



(child with nephroticsyndrome)

Labs: Polished, "ivory-lik

appearance of bone atcartilage erosion



pp bcartilage erosion.

Disease/Dx?

Eburnation (osteoarthritresulting in bony sclerosi



(resulting in bony sclerosi

Labs: Protein aggregates

neurons fromhyperphosphorylation o



hyperphosphorylation o

tau protein. Disease/Dx

Neurofibrillary tangles

(Alzheimer disease) and



( )Pick bodies (Pick disease

Labs: Psammoma bodieDisease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Meningiomas, papillarythyroid carcinoma,

mesothelioma, papillary



, p p yserous carcinoma of the

endometrium and ovary

Labs: Pseudopalisading

tumor cells on brain



biopsy. Disease/Dx?

Glioblastoma multiform



Labs: RBC casts in urineDisease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Acute glomerulonephrit



g p

Labs: Rectangular, crysta

like, cytoplasmic inclusioin Leydig cells



, y pin Leydig cells.

Disease/Dx?

Reinke crystals (Leydig ctumor)



y y gtumor)

Labs: Renal epithelial casin urine Disease/Dx?



pin urine. Disease/Dx?

Acute toxic/viral renalinjury



injury

Labs: Rhomboid crystal

positively birefringent.



Disease/Dx?

Pseudogout (calcium

pyrophosphate dihydratl )



crystals)

Labs: Rib notching.Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Coarctation of the aorta



Labs: Ring-enhancing

brain lesion in AIDS.Di /D ?



Disease/Dx?

Toxoplasma gondii, CNlymphoma



y p o a

Labs: Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with

scattered pale, tingible bodl d h (" t



laden macrophages ("starry

sky" histology). Disease/Dx

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:1c-myc activation,

associated with EBV;"bl k k " d f



"black sky" made up of

malignant cells)

Labs: Silver-staining

spherical aggregation of tproteins in neurons.



p

Disease/Dx?

Pick bodies (Pick disease

progressive dementia,h i lit )



changes in personality)

Labs: Stacks of RBCs.Disease/Dx?



/

Rouleaux formation (higESR, multiple myeloma



, p y

Labs: Stippled vaginal

epithelial cells.Di /D ?



Disease/Dx?

"Clue cells" (Gardnerell vaginalis)



g

Labs: Thrombi made of

white/red layers.Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Lines of Zahn (arterial

thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)



platelets/RBCs)

Labs: Thyroid-like

appearance of kidney.Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Chronic bacterialpyelonephritis



Labs: Triglyceride

accumulation in liver cevacuoles Disease/Dx?



vacuoles. Disease/Dx?

Fatty liver disease

(alcoholic or metabolicsyndrome)



syndrome)

Labs: WBC casts in urinDisease/Dx?



Acute pyelonephritis



Labs: WBCs that look "smudged". Disease/Dx



CLL (almost always B ce



Labs: Yellowish CSF.Disease/Dx?



Xanthochromia (e.g., du

to subarachnoidhemorrhage)



hemorrhage)

Large rash with bull's-eyappearance. Disease/Dx



Erythema chronicummigrans from Ixodes tic

bite (Lyme disease:



Borrelia)

Late cyanotic shunt(uncorrected left to righ becomes right to left).



Association?

Eisenmenger syndrome

(caused by ASD, VSD, PDresults in pulmonary



hypertension/polycythem

Liver disease. Association



Alcoholic cirrhosis



Lucid interval after

traumatic brain injury.Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Epidural hematoma

(middle meningeal arterrupture)



rupture)

Lysosomal storage diseas Association?



Gaucher disease



Male cancer. Association



Prostatic carcinoma



Male child, recurrent

infections, no mature Bcells. Disease/Dx?



/

Bruton disease (X-linkeagammaglobulinemia)



Malignancy (kids). Association?



ALL, medulloblastoma(cerebellum)



Malignancy associated wi

noninfectious fever. Association?



Hodgkin lymphoma



Metastases to bone. Association?



Prostate, breast > lung thyroid



Metastases to brain. Association?



Lung > breast >

genitourinary > melanom> GI



Metastases to liver. Association?



Colon >> stomach,pancreas



Mitochondrial inheritanc Association?



Disease occurs in bothmales and females,

inherited through femaleonly



only

Mitral valve stenosis. Association?



Rheumatic heart diseas



Mixed (UMN and LMN

motor neuron disease. Association?



Amyotrophic lateralsclerosis



Mucosal bleeding and

prolonged bleeding timeDisease/Dx?



Glanzmannthrombasthenia (defect platelet aggregation due

lack of GpIIb/IIIa)



lack of GpIIb/IIIa)

Muffled heart sounds,

distended neck veins,hypotension. Disease/Dx



Beck triad of cardiactamponade



Multiple colon polyps,osteomas/soft tissue

tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth.



Disease/Dx?

Gardner syndrome(subtype of FAP)



Myocarditis. Association



Coxsackie B



Myopathy (infantilehypertrophic

cardiomyopathy), exerciintolerance. Disease/Dx



intolerance. Disease/Dx

Pompe disease (lysosom

α-1,4-glucosidasedeficiency)



Neonate with arm paraly

following difficult birthDisease/Dx?



Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6 brachial plexus injury:

"waiter's tip")



p )

Nephrotic syndrome(adults). Association?



Focal segmentalglomerulosclerosis



Nephrotic syndrome (kid Association?



Minimal change disease



Neuron migration failur

Association?



Kallmann syndrome(hypogonadotropic

hypogonadism andanosmia)



)

No lactation postpartum

absent menstruation, cointolerance. Disease/Dx



Sheehan syndrome

(pituitary infarction)



Nosocomial pneumonia

Association?



Klebsiella, E. coli,

Pseudomonas aeruginos



Nystagmus, intentiontremor, scanning speech

bilateral internuclearophthalmoplegia.



Disease/Dx?

Multiple sclerosis



Obstruction of male

urinary tract. Association



BPH



Opening snap. Associatio



Mitral stenosis



Opportunistic infection i

AIDS. Association?



Pneumocystis jirovecii

pneumonia



Oscillating slow/fast

breathing. Disease/Dx?



Cheyne-Stokes respiratio

(central apnea in CHF o inc intracranial pressure



Osteomyelitis in sickle ce

disease. Association?



Salmonella



Osteomyelitis with IV dru

use. Association?



Pseudomonas, S. aureu



Osteomyelitis. Associatio



S. aureus



Ovarian metastasis from

gastric carcinoma or breacancer. Association?



Krukenberg tumor (muci

secreting signet-ring cell



Ovarian tumor (benign

bilateral). Association?



Serous cystadenoma



Ovarian tumor

(malignant). Association



Serous

cystadenocarcinoma



Painful blue fingers/toe

hemolytic anemia.Disease/Dx?



Cold agglutinin disease(autoimmune hemolyti

anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia

i f i l i



infectious mononucleosi

Painful, pale, cold

fingers/toes. Disease/Dx



Raynaud phenomenon

(vasospasm in extremitie



Painful, raised red lesion

on pad of fingers/toes.Disease/Dx?



Osler nodes (infective

endocarditis, immunecomplex deposition)



Painless erythematous

lesions on palms and soleDisease/Dx?



Janeway lesions (infectiv

endocarditis, septicemboli/ microabscesses



Painless jaundice.

Disease/Dx?



Cancer of the pancreati

head obstructing bile du



Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain

abdominal pain (child)hematuria. Disease/Dx



Henoch-Scho nlein purpu

(IgA vasculitis affectingskin and kidneys)



Pancreatic, pituitary,

parathyroid tumors.Disease/Dx?



MEN 1 (autosomal

dominant)



Pancreatitis (acute).

Association?



Gallstones, alcohol



Pancreatitis (chronic).

Association?



Alcohol (adults), cystic

fibrosis (kids)



Patient with

ALL/CLL/AML/CML(ages). Association?



ALL: child, CLL: adult >

60, AML: adult ~65, CMadult 30-60



Pelvic inflammatory




Chlamydia trachomatis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae



Periorbital and/or peripheedema, proteinuria,

hypoalbuminemia,hypercholesterolemia.Disease/Dx?



Nephrotic syndrome



Philadelphia chromosom

t(9;22) (bcr-abl). Association?



CML (may sometimes b

associated with ALL/AM



Pink complexion, dyspne

hyperventilation.Disease/Dx?



"Pink puffer" (emphysemcentriacinar [smoking]

panacinar [α1-antitrypsideficiency])



Pituitary tumor.

Association?



Prolactinoma,

somatotropic "acidophiliadenoma



Polyuria, renal tubular acidotype II, growth failure,electrolyte imbalances,

hypophosphatemic ricketsDisease/Dx?



Fanconi syndrome(proximal tubular

reabsorption defect)



Pruritic, purple, polygonplanar papules and plaqu

(6 P's). Disease/Dx?



Lichen planus



Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosi

Disease/Dx?



Horner syndrome

(sympathetic chain lesio



Pulmonary hypertension

Association?



COPD



Pupil accommodates bu

doesn't react. Disease/Dx



Argyll Robertson pupil

(neurosyphilis)



Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends

following GI/upperrespiratory infection.

Disease/Dx?



Disease/Dx?

Guillain-Barre syndrom(acute autoimmune

inflammatory demyelinating

polyneuropathy)



polyneuropathy)

Rash on palms and sole

Disease/Dx?



Coxsackie A, 2° syphilisRocky Mountain spotted

fever



Recurrent colds, unusuaeczema, high serum IgE

Disease/Dx?



Hyper-IgE syndrome (Josyndrome: neutrophil

chemotaxis abnormality



Recurrentinflammation/thrombos

of small/medium vessel Association?



Buerger disease (stronglassociated with tobacco)

extremities



Red "currant jelly" sputuin alcoholic or diabeticpatients. Disease/Dx?



Klebsiella pneumoniae



Red "currant jelly" stool

Disease/Dx?



Acute mesenteric ischem(adults), intussusceptio

(infants)



Red urine in the mornin

fragile RBCs. Disease/Dx



Paroxysmal nocturnal

hemoglobinuria



Red, itchy, swollen rash

nipple/areola. Disease/D



Paget disease of the brea(sign of underlying

neoplasm)



Renal cell carcinoma (bilaterahemangioblastomas,angiomatosis,

pheochromocytoma.Disease/Dx?



von Hippel-Lindau disea(dominant tumor

suppressor gene mutatio



Renal tumor. Association



Renal cell carcinoma:associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smokinparaneoplastic syndromes(EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)



Resting tremor, rigidityakinesia, postural

instability. Disease/Dx?



Parkinson disease(nigrostriatal dopamine

depletion)



Retinal hemorrhages wit

pale centers. Disease/Dx



Roth spots (bacterial

endocarditis)



Right heart failure due topulmonary cause.

Association?



Cor pulmonale



S3 (protodiastolic gallop

Association?



inc ventricular filling (lefto-right shunt, mitral

regurgitation, LV failur[CHF])



S4 (presystolic gallop).

Association?



Stiff/hypertrophic ventric(aortic stenosis, restrictiv

cardiomyopathy)



Severe jaundice in neona

Disease/Dx?



Crigler-Najjar syndrom(congenital unconjugate

hyperbilirubinemia)



Severe RLQ pain withpalpation of LLQ.

Disease/Dx?



Rovsing sign (acute

appendicitis)



Severe RLQ pain withrebound tenderness.

Disease/Dx?



McBurney sign (acute

appendicitis)



Sexually transmitted




Chlamydia (usually

coinfected with gonorrhe



Short stature, inc incidenof tumors/leukemia,

aplastic anemia.Disease/Dx?



Fanconi anemia (genetiloss of DNA crosslink

repair; often progresses AML)



SIADH. Association?



Small cell carcinoma of t

lung



Single palmar crease.

Disease/Dx?



Down syndrome



Site of diverticula.

Association?



Sigmoid colon



Sites of atherosclerosis

Association?



Abdominal aorta >coronary artery > poplite

artery > carotid artery



Situs inversus, chronicsinusitis, bronchiectasis

infertility. Disease/Dx?



Kartagener syndrome(dynein arm defect

affecting cilia)



Skin hyperpigmentationhypotension, fatigue.

Disease/Dx?



Addison disease (1°adrenocortical insufficien

causes inc ACTH and inc MSH production)



Slow, progressive muscl weakness in boys.

Disease/Dx?



Becker muscular dystrop(X-linked missense

mutation in dystrophinless severe than Duchenn



Small, irregular red spoton buccal/lingual mucos

with blue-white centerDisease/Dx?



Koplik spots (measles;

rubeola virus)



Smooth, flat, moist,painless white lesions o

genitals. Disease/Dx?



Condylomata lata (2°

syphilis)



Splinter hemorrhages in

fingernails. Disease/Dx



Bacterial endocarditis



Stomach cancer.

Association?



Adenocarcinoma



Stomach ulcerations anhigh gastrin levels.

Association?



Zollinger-Ellison syndrom(gastrinoma of duodenu

or pancreas)



Streak ovaries, congenital hea

disease, horseshoe kidney,cystic hygroma at birth, short

stature, webbed neck,lymphedema. Disease/Dx?



Turner syndrome (45,XO



Sudden swollen/painful btoe joint, tophi.

Disease/Dx?



Gout/podagra

(hyperuricemia)



Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound

healing, petechiae.Disease/Dx?



Scurvy (vitamin Cdeficiency: can't

hydroxylate proline/lysinfor collagen synthesis)



Swollen, hard, painful

finger joints. Disease/Dx



Osteoarthritis (osteophyton PIP [Bouchard nodes

DIP [Heberden nodes])



Systolic ejection murmu(crescendo-decrescendo

Disease/Dx?



Aortic valve stenosis



t(8;14). Association?



Burkitt lymphoma (c-my

activation)



Philadelphia chromosom

CML (bcr-abl fusion)



Follicular lymphomas (b

2 activation)



Temporal arteritis.

Association?



Risk of ipsilateral blindnedue to thrombosis of

ophthalmic artery;polymyalgia rheumatica



Testicular tumor.

Association?



Seminoma (malignant,

radiosensitive)



Thyroid and parathyroitumors,

pheochromocytoma.Disease/Dx?



MEN 2A (autosomal

dominant ret mutation



Thyroid cancer.

Association?



Papillary carcinoma



Thyroid tumors,pheochromocytoma,

ganglioneuromatosis.Disease/Dx?



MEN 2B (autosomal

dominant ret mutation



Toe extension/fanningupon plantar scrape.

Disease/Dx?



Babinski sign (UMN lesio



Tumor in women.

Association?



Leiomyoma (estrogendependent, not

precancerous)



Tumor of infancy.

Association?



Hemangioma (usuallyregresses spontaneously

childhood)



Tumor of the adrenalmedulla (adults).

Association?



Pheochromocytoma(usually benign)



Neuroblastoma(malignant)



Type of Hodgkin. Association?

Nodular sclerosis (vs



Nodular sclerosis (vs.

mixed cellularity,lymphocytic

predominance,lymphocytic depletion)



Type of non-Hodgkin. Association?



Diffuse large cell



Unilateral facial droopininvolving forehead.

Disease/Dx?



Facial nerve (LMN CN Vpalsy)



Urethritis, conjunctivitiarthritis in a male.

Disease/Dx?



Reactive arthritisassociated with HLA-B2



UTI. Association?



E. coli, Staphylococcussaprophyticus (young

women)



Vascular birthmark (por wine stain). Disease/Dx



Hemangioma (benign, bassociated with Sturge-

Weber syndrome)



Viral encephalitis affectintemporal lobe. Associatio



HSV-1



Vitamin deficiency (U.S. Association?

Folate (pregnant women



(p g

are at high risk; body storonly 3- to 4-month suppl

prevents neural tubedefects)



Vomiting blood followingastroesophageal

lacerations. Disease/Dx



Mallory-Weiss syndrom(alcoholic and bulimic

patients)



Weight loss, diarrhea,arthritis, fever,

adenopathy. Disease/Dx



Whipple disease(Tropheryma whipplei)

FA2014 RR Index Card

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Transcript of FA2014 RR Index Card