F2 a-one

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

1/10

Name of Student :___________________________

Teachers Name : MR. CHRIS

Class : F2A1

Lesson No. : 11

Date : 10 Ap ril - 2013

Time : 12.15PM

2.00PM

SEKOLAH MENENGAH SERI OMEGA, JOHOR BAHRU

Subject : Science

Chapter / Topic : 3.0 Biodiversity

Sub-Topic : 3.1 Understanding variety of living organisms and theirclassification.

What is biodiversity?

1. The living things found on Earths are human, animals and plants.

2. A living thing is known as an organism

3. Animals and plants have various shapes, sizes and habitats.

4. The differences that exists between the same species of living things are

called variations/ diversity of life/ orbiodiversity.

Habitat of living things

1. A natural place where plants and animals live is called a habitat.2. Different animals and plants live in different habitats.

3. A habitat is important to an organism because

a. It provides the organism with food.

b. Protection

c. Space for breeding

HABITAT of living things

Animals Plants

Bird Tree Lotus Lake

Snake Bushes Mushroom WoodAmoeba Pond Durian tree Orchid

Whale Sea Duckweed Pond

Camel Dessert Coconut tree Seashore

Termite Wood Cactus Dessert

Classification of Living Organism

1. Classification of living organism such as plants and animals can be donebased on their common characteristics.

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

2/10

2. A classification system is required to group living things methodically

because of their large number and types.

3. Although they possess common characteristics, organisms from the same

species still have distinctive characteristics which differentiate them from

other species.4. Classification is important to enable more in-depth scientific studies to be

carried out for the improvement of the species themselves.

5. Examples of classification of animal based on their habits and their breathing

organs are shown below.

Classification of animals

Habitat Breathing organs

Land water Water &Land

Gills Lungs Moist Skin

Examples

Eagle Whale Crab Turtle Horse Frog

Chicken Prawn Seahorse Crocodile Duck Toad

snake Crab eel Frog Cow

Classification of Animals

1. Groups of animals can be classified according to similarities in characteristics,

features and structures.

2. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or

more types of species.3. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of

food habitats and physical features.

4. Classification of animals by common characteristics:

Characteristic of animal Examples

Live in water Crab, fish, shrimp, oyster, squid, cockle andjellyfish

Live on land Dog, chicken, cat, squirrel, mouse, elephant,tiger and deer

Live in water & on land Crocodile, frog, turtle, seal and otter

Reproduces by laying eggs Hen, fish, bird, crab, duck, goose and

cockroach

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

3/10

Reproduces by giving birth Whale, dolphin, porcupine, pangolin, bat,

rabbit and cow

Herbivorous Rabbit, cow, goat, giraffe, squirrel, snail andgrasshopper

Carnivorous Lion, tiger, piranha, crocodile, snake, frog

Omnivorous Chicken, duck, cat, cockroach, mouse, bear

Body covered with hair Cat, dog , cow , rabbit , bear, bat

Body covered with feathers Bird, penguin, chicken and duck

Body covered with scales Fish, pangolin, lizard, snake, monitor lizard

5. Animals can be classified into 2 big groups:

a. Animals with backbonesb. Animals without backbones

6. Animals with backbones are known as vertebrates

7. Animals without backbones are known as invertebrates

Vertebrates

with backbones

Main support is

endoskeleton

which consists of

bones

Invertebrates

without

backbones

Main support is

exoskeleton such

as hard skin and

fluid pressure

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

4/10

8. Vertebrates are divided into 5 main groups. The 5 main groups are:

a. Fish

b. Bird

c. Mammals

d. Reptile

e. amphibian

9. Classification of vertebrates and their characteristics:

a. FISH

ANIMALS

vertebrates

fish amphibians reptiles mammals birds

invertebrates

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

5/10

Characteristics of fish:

1. Habitat : water

2. Type of blood: Cold-blooded

3. Characteristics of body: covered by slimy scales

4. Breathing organ: Gills

5. Method of reproduction: Lays eggs ( except sharks give birth to young)

6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization

7. Examples are fish and eel

b. BIRD

Characteristics of birds:

1. Habitat : land2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded

3. Characteristics of body:

i. covered by feathers

ii. have beaks

iii. legs covered with dry scales

4. Breathing organ: Lungs

5. Method of reproduction:

i. Lays eggs

ii. Eggs have shell

6. Type of fertilization : internal fertilization

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

6/10

7. Examples are bird and chicken

c. REPTILE

Characteristics of reptiles:

1. Habitat : water and land


3. Characteristics of body: covered by dry scales



i. Lay eggs

ii. Eggs have shells ( rattle snakes give bith to young)


7. Examples are snakes and crocodiles

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

7/10

d. AMPHIBIANS

Characteristics of amphibians:

1. Habitat : water and land


3. Characteristics of body: covered by moist skin

4. Breathing organ:

i. Gills ( tadpole stage )

ii. Lungs ( adult stage )

iii. Moist skin ( adult stage )


iii. Lay eggs

iv. Eggs have no shells

6. Type of fertilization : external fertilization

7. Examples are toad and frog

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

8/10

e. MAMMALS

Characteristics of mammals:

1. Habitat : land ( whales and dolphins are 2 exceptions)

2. Type of blood: Warm-blooded

3. Characteristics of body:

iv. covered by fur or hair

v. have external ears

vi. have sweat glands

vii. have mammary ( milk) glands ( produce milk from young )


5. Method of reproduction: Give birth to young


7. Examples are cat, rabbit and goat

Unusual characteristics of some mammals

1. Bats have wings and fly like birds

2. Whales and dolphins

live in water like fish3. Pangolin lays eggs and have beaks like ducks

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

9/10

4. Platypus lays eggs and have beaks like ducks

5. Porcupines the body is covered with spines for protection.

6. Kangaroos and koalas raise the young in their body pouches.

Invertebrates

1. Invertebrates are generally animals without backbones.

2. The support system of invertebrates consists of:

a. Exoskeleton such as hard shell. Examples are crabs, prawns and

centipede

b. Hydrostatic frame. Examples are earthworms, caterpillar and

planarians3. Generally, the physical characteristiscs of invertebrates are much more

simpler than vertebrates.

4. Most microorganism are invertebrates. For examples, coelenterates ( Hydra

and Jellyfish) and protozoa ( Paramecium and Amoeba ).

5. Invertebrates also can be broadly classified into 2 groups. The 2 groups are:

a. With jointed legs

b. Without jointed legs

Invertebrates

Invertebrates with jointed legs Invertebrates without jointed legsExample

Crab, Spider, centipede, millipede ,butterfly

Earthworm, flatworm, sea anemone,starfish and snail.

Classification of Plants

1. Plants can be divided into groups based on some common features.

2. Plants can be divided into 2 groups. The two group are those which:a. Produce flowers, flowering plants

b. Do not produce flowers, non flowering plants

3. Flowering plants can be divided into dicotyledons and monocotyledons

4. Flowering plants and its characteristics:

a. This type of plants produces flowers, seeds and fruits. The flowers

normally become fruits

b. This type of plants produces flowers for reproduction

c. Examples of dicotyledons are rubber trees, durian trees, hibiscus

plants and rambutan treesd. Characteristics of dicotyledons:

7/27/2019 F2 a-one

10/10

i. Leaves with network veins

ii. Have taproot system

iii. Stems are usually woody

iv. Seeds have two cotyledons

e. Examples of monocotyledons are paddy plants, grass and oil palmf. Characteristics of monocotyledons:

i. Leaves with parallel veins

ii. Have fibrous root system

iii. Have soft stem

iv. Seed with one cotyledon

5. Non-flowering plants and its characteristics:

a. Non flowering plants do not produce flowers, fruit and seeds

b. These plants reproduce by spores or binary fission

c. Non-flowering plants are divided into 4 groups:

i. Algae

ii. Moss

iii. Fungus

iv. ferns

6.

7.

The Importance of Biodiversity to the environment.

F2 a-one

Documents

Transcript of F2 a-one