F R=I > KO> s s AZs¦XJF NPITS9LUAJKMlJtvLO 9AJKUA0A a+< l ...cook/pubs/c20.pdf · s_fq> [ > s_>...

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Transcript of F R=I > KO> s s AZs¦XJF NPITS9LUAJKMlJtvLO 9AJKUA0A a+< l ...cook/pubs/c20.pdf · s_fq> [ > s_>...

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  • F�R=I >�KO>s_s_AZs¦XJF�NPITS9LUAJKMlJtvLO9AJKUA0Aa+)XJF�@9lML>@/Lª@TAJAZ[îRF�KP�KO>s_s_AZs¦lUAJ>�KUX>�sY^�F�KM�s_sYAJs¦lMAb>�KMXîLOAJX9@TL�@TXZAPFRGlMAb>�KMXSTlM�0.¥;ï>KUXTX�KMX>�sY^�F�KM�K.LOKJtQ7m9¢¡VNAZKU^�AZl¡LUTAI3FfGAZK2F�RG>�I >�KO>s_s_AZs�7�KMX7LCFR¦>o[TLUF�K¦F�KU[9AJKU�LOAZlC�@TXZA2F�@�LnFAJs_sñnH/@TFf7@¥rW¦>�ITI9s_LO�KMAb>�l>�l7GAZs_s8>�lW>�@0>�KMLU�s¡lMLO>LOA z KUFF�L@TF[TAf|FR=>ITKMF�Ts_AZNùLUF)>d^�FQ>�sGl.L>LUA z ^�FQ>sG@TF[TAf|�D&rq@òA�aT>NITsYAolUAJ>�KUXLUKUAJA@T[ªLOAZ[�D]p¦TL7NPAJAZLUl¦LOTA*^�F�>�s�XJKM�KUX�LO�@�3A*KUAJ[9STXJAZ[¥QmoSTlM�s z TAZSTKUs3fj>��9s_AqN>�XTLO�XîLOXJA�tvLUTA¥[9AJI9LU�F�R=LUTA¥lMAb>�KMXî�@TF[TAP�sYXJSTs_>LOAZ[S9lU

  • GOALSTATE

    INITIALSTATE

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  • Processor 1 Processor 2

    threshold = h(root)1 2 1threshold = threshold + i 1threshold = threshold + 2i3

    Processor 3

    GOAL

    INITIAL INITIAL INITIAL

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  • GOAL

    Processor 1 Processor 2 Processor 3

    = expanded on last iteration

    = expanded on last two iterations

    = expanded on all three iterations

    INITIAL

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  • @TFLªm�AL3AJAZ@��LOAJ[�KUX LOTA)lUIT>�XJA)RF�KMG>�KU[¬RKUF�N LOTAd@T[� >XH/G>�KM[�RKUF�N LOTA)^�FQ>�s*l.L>LUAXZF�@TXJS9KUKUAZ@QLOsYm¾ cf~À�D@G¡>�KMLU�@T@T�@TF�LUTAJK3F+[+mF�RKMAJlUAJ>�KUXRFXJSTlMAJl1F�@)XJF�@TXZSTKUKMAJ@QL§KU>�@T[TF�NNFfj�AJNPAJ@QLOlCLOTKMF�ST^�)>�lUAJ>�KUXlUI >�XZAPLU >L1XJFfj�AJKCLOTAPlUAJ>�KUXlMI >�XJA1/ST�@T[1-CF�KMR%[9AJlUXZKUV+.¥; lUAb>KUX¥LUAJXT@T�sYs_AZs!7KUX7¤ST@9�@T[dLO9API9KUFXJAJlMlUF�KMl17

  • Cluster 1

    Processor 1

    Processor 2

    Processor 3

    INITIAL

    Cluster 2

    Processor 4

    Processor 5

    Processor 6

    INITIAL

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    INITIAL STATE

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  • 0 1 2 3

    0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3

    0 1 2 3

    Original Ordering: 0123

    New Ordering: 1320

    0 1 2 3

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  • 1 2 3

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