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The eye is a slightly asymmetrical globe, about an inch in diameter. The front part of the eye (the part you see in the mirror) includes:

The iris (the pigmented part) The cornea (a clear dome over the iris) The pupil (the black circular opening in the iris, which lets light in) The sclera (the white part) The conjunctiva (an invisible, clear layer of tissue covering the front of the eye, except thecornea)

Just behind the iris and pupil lies the lens, which helps to focus light on the back of the eye. Mostof the eye is filled with a clear gel, called the vitreous. Light projects through the pupil and thelens to the back of the eye. The inside lining of the eye is covered by special light-sensing cells,together called the retina. The retina converts light into electrical impulses. Behind the eye, theoptic nerve carries these impulses to the brain. The macula is a small sensitive area within theretina that gives central vision. It is located in the center of the retina and contains the fovea.

Eye color is created by the amount and type of pigment in the iris. Multiple genes inherited fromeach parent determine a persons eye color.

Eye Conditions

Age-related macular degeneration : A loss of central vision in both eyes.

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/

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http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/picture-of-the-eyes

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/eyesandvision.html

Adult Eye Exams

It's important for adults to have eye exams on a regular basis to check for problems. Regular eyeexams are critical for detecting:

Glaucoma Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) Cataracts Diabetic retinopathy

But everyone needs regular eye exams. This is particularly important if you have risk factors or a

family history of eye problems. Children need their vision checked at 6 months, 3 years, and before first grade. Adults should see an eye doctor at least every two years and annually after age60.

Recommended Related to Eye Health

Albinism,Ocular

Important It is possible that the main title of the report Albinism, Ocular is not the name youexpected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.

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Your doctor may recommend more frequent exams if you have a health condition such asdiabetes or high blood pressure, work in a visually demanding job, or take medications that canaffect eyesight.

Preparing for Your Eye Exam

When you call to make an appointment for an eye exam, briefly and clearly describe any vision problem you're having.

Before you go, list questions for the eye doctor. Be prepared to discuss any drugs you're takingand your (and your family's) eye health history.

When you go, take your glasses and/or contact lenses, if you use them, and sunglasses for the triphome with your pupils dilated.

http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/picture-of-the-eyeshttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/albinism-ocularhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/albinism-ocularhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/albinism-ocularhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspxhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/picture-of-the-eyeshttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/albinism-ocularhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/albinism-ocularhttp://www.webmd.com/eye-health/default.htmhttp://www.webmd.com/drugs/index-drugs.aspx

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During Your Eye Exam

Before your eye exam, the eye doctor or an office staff member will take your medical andvision history.

Your eye exam may take from half an hour to an hour. It will evaluate both your vision and thehealth of your eyes.

You'll likely have all or most of the following eye tests (you may also have more specialized eyetests):

Eye muscle movement test : To test muscle strength and control, the doctor will ask you tovisually track a target in different directions and observe your eye movements.

Cover test : This is a check for how well your eyes work together. As you stare at a small targetsome distance away, the doctor will cover and uncover each eye to observe how much your eyes

move, watching for an eye that turns away from the target (strabismus). The test may be repeatedwith a target close to you.

External exam and pupillary reactions : The doctor will watch the reactions of your pupils tolight and objects at close distance. At the same time, the doctor will check the exterior eye,looking at things such as the condition of the white of the eyes and the position of your eyelids.

Visual acuity test : You'll sit in front of an eye chart, with letters that get smaller as you readdown each line. You cover each eye in turn and, using the other eye, read aloud, going down thechart, until you can't read the letters anymore.

Retinoscopy : The eye doctor may shine a light in your eyes and flip lenses in a machine(phoropter) that you look through while staring at a large target, such as a big "E," or the doctor may use an automated machine (refractor) for the same purpose. By checking the way lightreflects from your eyes, the doctor gets an approximate idea of the lens prescription you neednow.

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