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Extractions Versus Non Extraction in Orthodontics OUSSAMA SANDID MOHAMAD ABOUALNASER
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Transcript of Extractions Versus Non Extraction in Orthodontics OUSSAMA SANDID MOHAMAD ABOUALNASER
Extractions Contreversies in Orthodontics
Indications – Part 1 M. ABOULNASER- Orthodontist, BAU, USA.
O. SANDID- Orthodontist, D.C.D., D.U.O, C.E.S.B.B, C.E.S.O.D.F , S.Q.O.D.F, Ex chargé de cours, Paris. France.
Contact: [email protected]
Time 30 minutes
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions Contreversies in Orthodontics
Indications – Part 1 M. ABOUELNASER
Time 30 minutes
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Les bénéfices du traitement orthodontiqueBenefits of Orthodontic Treatment.
Le praticien espère obtenir:• Une Amélioration Esthétique
Du Sourire, Du Profil rétrusif, Ou prognathique…
• Une Amélioration Fonctionnelle De l’occlusion, Du parodonte, De l’ATM…
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extraction versus Non-Extraction
Le débat dure depuis plus de 100 ans, et ca continue, c’est le sujet le plus de controversé en
OrthodontieE. Angle le père de l'orthodontie croyait fermement dans le traitement non-
extraction. C. Tweed, a observé que certains patients traités par Angle présentaient une
quantité notable de récidives, a retraité un certain nombre de ces cas en extrayant quatre prémolaires, pour plus de stabilité …
Le débat dure depuis plus de 100 ans, et ca continue, c’est le sujet le plus de controversé en
OrthodontieE. Angle le père de l'orthodontie croyait fermement dans le traitement non-
extraction. C. Tweed, a observé que certains patients traités par Angle présentaient une
quantité notable de récidives, a retraité un certain nombre de ces cas en extrayant quatre prémolaires, pour plus de stabilité …
Edward Angle Charles Tweed
Bousaba S, Delatte M, De Clerck H. Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 1995;50(2):53-65 .
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extraction versus Non-Extraction
Part 2: Non-extraction Philosophy, Space regaining. Part 3: Choice of teeth for extraction.
Part 1: Extraction in Orthodontics and its Indications.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions in Orthodontics Indications
1-Indications: Severe dental crowding > 7mm-Tooth-arch discrepancy2-Indications: Anteroposterior relationships discrepancy. 3-Indications: unfavorable position of Tooth impaction, Dental ankylosis . 4- Indications: unaesthetic facial profile, Protrusion.5- Indications: Adult crowding with gingival recession.6- Indications: Dental Caries.7-Indications: Supernumerary teeth8- Indications: Patients not motivated and we need to shorten duration of treatment.9-Indications: Hyperdivergent facial type – vertical growth pattern.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
1-Arch length- Severe Dental Crowding > 7mm
Tooth-arch discrepancy: Size of the jaw is smaller than the size of the teethDental crowding can be simply defined as the overlap of teeth caused by insufficient space within the dental arch.If the dentition is too large (Macrodontia) to fit in the dental arch without irregularity, it may be necessary to reduce the dentition size by the extraction of teeth.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe Skeletal Class II Correction of Occlusion Reduce overjet
Anteroposterior relationships ( Problem in patient cooperation, elastics, functional appliances, headgear… )Overjet is also known as “protrusion” of teeth, the lower teeth are too far behind the upper front teeth. In most Class II cases with abnormal upper proclination, it is advisable to extract teeth (14-24) only in the upper arch and to retract the maxillary incisors and canines. In case of the lower arch crowding it is advisable to extract in both the arches (34-44).
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe skeletal Class III malocclusion Reduce Reverse Overjet
www.orthofree.com
REVERSE OVERJET IMPORTANT Class III cases are usually treated by extracting teeth only in the lower arch to discourage the forward growth of mandibe (34-44) Or surgery (15-25-34-44)
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Décalage des bases osseuses- Classe III squelettique- Overjet inverséSkeletal Class III malocclusion- Reduce Reverse Overjet
www.orthofree.com
Dans le cas de Classe III squelettique, les extractions sont envisageables pour Réduire le surplomb inversé, Extractions de ( 34-44) ou ( 34-44 et 15 et 25 ).
Diego Rey Mora, Giovanni Oberti, PROGRESS in ORTHODONTICS
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Severe Openbite, hyperdivrgent
Reduce Openbite- Reduce lower facial height
Before Trt
After Trt Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2- Sévère Béance, hyperdivergence Severe Openbite, hyperdivrgent
Cas De Sévère Béance, Hyperdivergence, Les Extractions Entraîne Une Réduction De La Béance Et une Diminution De L’étage Inferieur De La Face
Avant Trt
Apres Trt www.orthofree.com
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Indications: Midline correction, Dental asymmetry
Correction of Occlusion, Dental asymmetry, Midline correction
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Correction des asymétries et de la ligne médiane Midline correction, Dental asymmetry
Guilherme JANSON, José Eduardo Prado de SOUZA, J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(4):354-63
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Impacted teeth - unfavorable position
Impacted Canine, Root Proximity, Root resorption
Unfavorable position
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Impacted teeth - Unfavorable position
Impacted molars, Root Proximity, Root resorption
Unfavorable position
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
3-Indications: Dental ankylosis
Tipping of teeth toward the ankylosed tooth and we need surgical intervention.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
4-Biprotrusion - Convex Profile
Before Trt After Trt
LIP POSITION: Incisor inclination
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Biprotrusion
Reduce Biprotrusion, Gingival recession
Before Trt
After Trt J Canon –orthofree.com
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
4-Protrusive profile and gingival recession, lower incisor inclination on mandibular plane.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
4-Position de l'incisive inférieure par rapport au plan mandibulaire, soutien osseux
Lower incisor inclination on mandibular plane 90°.
www.orthofree.com
Quand on ne peut pas vestibuler incisive inférieure, tissu de soutien faibleNous envisageons un traitement par extractions ,
La Position de l'incisive inférieure par rapport au plan mandibulaire nous donne des indications sur la nécessite ou non d’extraire , on compare cela à une personne qui avance sur un balcon au au-delà
de certaines limites la personne risque de tomber…
90°
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Cas traite sans extraction
Avant trt 10 ans après traitementUn cas clinique que j’ai traité il y a 17 ans, Noter que une occlusion parfaite mais des
récessions gingivales observées O. Sandid
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Agenesis compensationExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
6-UNHEALTHY TOOTH
6- Indications: Caries, Decay
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
6-Delabrement dentaire-Caries Unhealthy tooth
Extraction des dents carieés et préferable est indiqueé dans le plan de traitement orthodontique…
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
7-Supernumerary teeth
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
8-Patients motivation
Indications: Patients not motivated- shortening duration treatment, headgear wear, missing appointments
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
8-Manque de coopération et de motivation du patient Patients not motivated
Le manque de motivation du patient: Non port des élastiques, des forces extra-orales , des appareillages
fonctionnels etc…
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Serial extractionGuidance of Eruption
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Traitements interceptifs -Guidage de l’éruption Early Treatment - Guidance of Eruption
Le Guidage de l’éruption: L’extraction précoce des canines lactéales et dans certains cas des premières molaires lactéales, permet d’éviter l’inclusion des canines,
D’où l’intérêt des traitements précoces interceptifs ….
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Retard d’ éruption des dents définitives Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Extraction de dents lactéales quand il y a Retard d’ éruption des dents définitives
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Retard d’ éruption des dents définitives Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
Une patient s’est présenté a l’âge de 8 ans, retard d’éruption, la panoramiqueMontre l’existence de dents surnuméraires , d’où l’indication des extractions afin de
Guider l’ éruption des dents définitives
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction
Profil ConcaveConvexe
Typologie faciale Hypodivergenthyperdivergent
Avant de décider le traitement par extractions il faut tenir compte du profil et de la typologie de croissance du patient
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction
Position de l’incisive inférieure
Etat parodontal
Apnée du sommeilPerméabilité des voies aériennes
supérieures
Avant de décider le traitement par extractions il faut tenir compte de la position de l’incisive inférieure, l’ état parodontal, et la prédisposition a l’apnée du
sommeil…
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non Extraction Extraction
Stabilitétraitement
orthodontique, Récidive
Réduction amélaire proximale,
Stripping, Formes des couronnes
Penser à la stabilité du traitement et au facteurs de récidives ainsi que de la possibilité d’envisager une réduction amélaire proximale
ou stripping, en fonction de la forme coronaire
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy Part 2
Dr M. ABOUELNASER
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy
• 1-Transverse Control, Expansion• 2-Sagittal Control, Reduction of overjet.• 3- Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of
mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches• 4-Molar distalization• 5-Stripping: Reduction of proximal enamel.• 6-Vertical Control: Unblocking of mandibular growth.
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy Transverse Control
Expansion-
Dr. Greenfeld orthofree.com
Gingival recession-Stabilty ?
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Non-extraction Orthodontic therapy Transverse Control
Expansion
Quadhelix Rapid Palatal Expander (RPE)
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionFunctional appliance
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionFunctional appliance
Early treatment , Bone Growth Stimulation, stop growingBenefits of early treatment stimulate mandibular growth and blockageof maxilla, reduce
overjet and treatment without extraction.
O.SANDIDExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionIntermaxillary Class II elastics
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionIntermaxillary Class II elastics
Frankel functional regulator
O.SANDID
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionIntermaxillary Class II elastics- Cooperation
2-Sagittal Control- Overjet reductionIntermaxillary Class II elastics- Cooperation
Intermaxillary Class II elastics
O.SANDIDExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Impacted Maxillary CanineOpen space
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Molars distalization
Maxillary canine impaction
O.SANDID
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Facial Mask- Cooperation
O.SANDIDExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Vertical ControlUnlocking growth of mandible
Vertical ControlUnlocking growth of mandible
O.SANDIDExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of mandibular incisors
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of mandibular incisors
Respect angulation of lower incisors on mand plane (Tweed triangle)
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Levelling of the curve of Spee by the proclination of mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches
http://simpliclearpro.comExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Molar distalization- Cooperation
Headgear Mini-implant
Pendulum Lip BumperExtractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Tooth Stripping" - Interproximal enamel reduction
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Le déblocage de la croissance mandibulaire Unblocking of mandibular growth
Le déblocage de la croissance mandibulaire Unblocking of mandibular growth
O.SANDID
Le déblocage de la croissance mandibulaire permet a la mandibule de s’ épanouir en évitant l’encombrement dentaire, et l’installation de la
rétrognathie mandibulaire, d’où l’intérêt des traitements interceptifs
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Correction Oral Habits
swallowing pattern
Swallowing Pattern
Finger Sucking Mouth breathing
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions Contreversies in Orthodontics
Part 3: Choice of teeth for extraction. M. ABOUELNASER
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
CHOICE OF TEETH FOR EXTRACTION
• 1st Upper Premolar Extraction • Extraction of two lower premolars• Extraction of 4 premolars• Lower incisor extraction• First molars extractions• Wisdom teeth extractions• Tooth impaction Extraction
Unfavorable position
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Choice of teeth for extraction.
1st Upper Premolar Extraction in Orthodontics- 51%
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Camouflage treatment in adult skeletal Class III cases byextraction of two lower premolars
Extraction of two lower premolars
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolarswww.orthofree.com
M.D MCNUTT
Extraction of 4 premolars 11%
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolarswww.orthofree.com
M.D MCNUTT
Extraction of 4 premolars 11%15-25-34-44
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Crowding- Extraction of 4 premolars
M.D MCNUTT
Extraction of 4 premolars 15-25-35-45
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Orthodontic treatment with lower incisor extraction
.
Overeruption and attachment loss of tooth 31.
Kenza LAHLOU Aalloula EL HOUSSAINE
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
First molars extractions
Dr Lemay-http://www.orthodontisteenligne.com/blogue/extractions/
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Second Molar Extraction
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Wisdom teeth extractions (7%)
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Impacted Maxillary Canine-Extraction
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
\
Traitements orthodontique sur des vrais jumellesTwins treated by different orthodontic techniques.
Dr Alan Bagden
Dr Bagden a expérimenté 2 traitements sur des vrais jumelles avec et sans extractions, résultats, profil est concave pour le cas traité avec extractions
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Relation entre extractions dentaires et l’apnée du sommeil ? Relationship Between Extractions and Sleep Apnea ?
Extractions en orthodontie et constriction des arcades dentaires, Le volume destiné a loger la langue a été réduit, pas suffisamment d’études
pour quantifier l’incidence sur la perméabilité des voies aériennes supérieures , tout dépendra s’il y a mésialisation des dents vers le site
d’extraction ou recul du bloc incisivo- canin ?
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions et durée de traitement
Les extractions en orthodontie reduisent - Elle la durée du traitement ou la rallonge ?
http://www.dr-alexandrian-stella.chirurgiens-dentistes.fr/les-conseils-de-lorthodontiste/un-traitement-en-orthodontie-dure-combien-de-temps
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Conclusion
EXTRACTIONS Non Extraction Compromis
Plus j’apprends moins je sais ?Je sais que je ne sais rien, mais je le sais!
Socrate
لليل قق قلل لإ لم لل لع لل ا لن لم لم تت لتي تأو قما قو
Extractions in Orthodontics- oussama sandid- olivier sandid -o sandid-mohamad aboualnaser-mohamad aboulnaser-m aboualnaser
Bibibliographie
1. Aras A. Class II correction with the modified sagittal appliance and maxillary second molar extraction. Angle Orthod. 2000 Aug;70(4):332-8.2. Basdra EK, Komposch G. Maxillary second molar extraction treatment. J Clin Orthod. 1994 Aug;28(8):476-81.3. Basdra EK, Stellzig A, Komposch G. Extraction of maxillary second molars in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(4):287-91.4. Bishara SE, Burkey PS. Second molar extractions: a review. Am JOrthod. 1986 May;89(5):415-24.5. Cavanaugh JJ. Third molar changes following second molarextractions. Angle Orthod. 1985 Jan;55(1):70-6.6. Chapin WC. The extraction of maxillary second molars to reducegrowth stimulation. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1939;11:1072-8.7. Chipman MR. Second and third molars: their role in orthodontictherapy. Am J Orthod. 1961 Jul;47(7):498-520.8. Graber TM. The role of upper second molar extraction inorthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1955;41:354-61.9. Graber TM. Maxillary second molar extraction in Class IImalocclusion. Am J Orthod. 1969 Oct; 56(4):331-53.
Extractions in Orthodontics www.orthofree.com
Bibibliographie 10. Haas AJ. Let’s take a rational look at permanent second molarextraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986 Nov;90(5):361-3.11. Harnick DJ. Case report: Class II correction using a modifiedWilson bimetric distalizing arch and maxillary second molarextraction. Angle Orthod. 1998 Jun; 68(3):275-80.12. Henriques JFC, Janson G, Hayasaki SM. Parâmetros para aextração de molares no tratamento ortodôntico: consideraçõesgerais e apresentação de um caso clínico. Rev Dental Press OrtodOrtop Facial. 2002 jan-fev;7(1):57-64.13. Jäger A, El- Kabarity A, Singelmann C. Evaluation of orthodontictreatment with early extraction of four second molars. J OrofacOrthop. 1997 Feb; 58(1):30-43.14. Jones H. Second molar extraction therapy - two case reports.Funct Orthod. 2000 Winter;17(1):17-20.