Extracting Energy from Wind
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Extracting Energy from Wind
Matt Aldeman
Senior Energy AnalystCenter for Renewable Energy
Illinois State University
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Overview Where does wind come from? Where is it windy? Wind Assessment Power in the wind
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Where does wind come from?
On a macro/global scale, wind is a result of:
Uneven heating of earth’s surfaces - Jet streams and circulatory cells - Equator – 30 degrees: Hadley cell- 30 – 60 degrees: Ferrell cell- 60-90 degrees: Polar cell
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Where does wind come from?
On a macro/global scale, the direction of the wind is a result of:
Coriolis Effect: in the Northern Hemisphere, moving bodies veer righthttp://tinyurl.com/yvurcs
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Where does wind come from?
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Wind Rose
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ISU Farm 2009 met tower energy rose
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ISU Farm 2009 met tower energy rose
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Where does wind come from? On a micro/regional scale, wind
magnitude and direction are a result of
1) Storm systems and frontsAir is pushed from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
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Where does wind come from?
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Where does wind come from? On a micro/regional scale, wind
magnitude and direction are a result of
2) Uneven specific heat capacity of various surfaces, especially water v. land-Water has a higher specific heat capacity than land. Warm air over land rises during the day. Warm air over water rises at night.
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Where is it windy? Windy areas can be:
Wide open spaces (pasture, fields) Plateaus (moraines) Elevated areas (ridgelines) Mountain passes (funneling effect) Offshore
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Where is it windy?
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Where is it windy?
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Wind Assessment Tools used for wind assessment
Visual observation Wind modeling & Wind maps Airport data & AWOS stations SODAR & LIDAR Meteorological towers
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Visual observation
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Wind Modeling & Wind Maps
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Airport & AWOS Stations
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reds/
Important to visit the anemometer!
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SODAR Emits sound “chirps” at defined intervals (~1-2 seconds)
“…both the intensity and the Doppler (frequency) shift of the return signal are analyzed to determine the wind speed, wind direction and turbulent character of the atmosphere. A profile of the atmosphere as a function of height can be obtained by analyzing the return signal at a series of times following the transmission of each pulse. The return signal recorded at any particular delay time provides atmospheric data for a height that can be calculated based on the speed of sound.”
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SODAR
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LIDAR Same principle as SODAR (Doppler
shift of echo return), but with laser light
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Met Towers
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Met Towers Anemometers
From NRG product literature: A four-pole magnet induces a sine wave voltage into a coil producing an output signal with frequency proportional to wind speed. The #40C is constructed of rugged Lexan cups molded in one piece for repeatable performance. A rubber terminal boot is included.
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Met Towers
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How to get (free) wind data Airports:
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reds/ Illinois met tower loan program:
http://www.illinoiswind.org/ Meteorological tower search:
http://www.windalert.com/#search ISU met tower: email Matt
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What can students do with wind data?
Opportunity for learning Excel! Opportunity for learning Windographer
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 More0
10002000300040005000600070008000
Histogram
Frequency
Bin
Freq
uenc
y
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What can students do with wind data?
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What can students do with wind data?
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What can students do with wind data?
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What can students do with wind data?
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Calculate energy output of a wind turbine…
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Compare with something familiar and useful…