Extensible use of RDF
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Extensible use of RDFin a Business Context
Kerstin ForsbergViktoria Institute and Adera
Lars DannstedtVolvo Information Technology, Web Program Center
Resource Description Framework
Challenges forThe next generation of intranets
Must take into account the ever ongoingchange of content
Must enable new ways to communicate Must support the constantly change of context
A scenario:News about one of our services
Web based form adapted to our context Always valid data and metadata
Exchange mechanisms Overview of all relevant persons and organisations
how will the receive the news Implicit - due to the defined relations
in the business network Explicit - due to subscriptions and
distribution-lists The way to communicate is chosen by
each receiver Complete distribution list available afterwards
Information discovery Enhanced through the added metadata
Adding correct
information!
To whom it may
concern!
They shouldfind it!
Current focus on metadata:Enhance discovery of information
What to cover in a metadata
recommendation for our intranet?
Centrally defined recommendations with code examples:<meta name=”Org” content=”VIT, 2510”><meta name=”Subject” content=”IT, Security”><meta name=”Author.name” content=”Pelle Persson”><meta name=”Author.email” content=”[email protected]”>
What is metadata?
How can we use Dublin Core on our intranet?
Dublin Core:A metadata element set for Internet
DC.Metadata
The Dublin Core (DC) vocabulary
a) Content; title, subject, description, type, source, relation and coverage
b) Intellectual property;creator, publisher, contributor and rights
c) Instantiation; date, format, identifier and language.
Discoverableinformation
A code example:<meta name=”VC.Creator" content="Pelle Persson, [email protected]">
Information
Resource
Problems applying Dublin Core on an extensive intranet
Fail to make the assumptions made about the business explicit
Only takes into account communication through static web pages
Often defined top-down which does not fit the flat organizations of today
Seldom used for metadata creation and validation
Not taking into account the context in which end users create and consume information.
Our point of departure:Resources in Context
Resources are assets – if they have:a structured description, which makes them maintainable, usable, and reusable.
“Metadata is structured, encoded data that describe characteristics of information-bearing entities to aid in the identification, discovery, assessment, and management of the described entities.”
Association for Library Collections and Technical Services, Task Force on Metadata
Resource
Metadata
Asset
Structuredresource
description
Schemas“Schemas constrain the context in which defined resources may be used.”
RDF Tutorial Pierre-Antoine Champin
Three differentresource descriptions areas
Descriptions ofInformation resources
Descriptions ofBusiness resources
Descriptions ofCommunication resources
Document
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set
Schema
Mobile Devices
Composite Capability/Preference Profiles
Schema
Business Unit
OIM BusinessEngineering Model
Schema
Our model for News Exchange 1(4)
Business vcb:
Information vci:
Communication vcc:
Volvo Corevc:
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas
OrgNode vcbo:
Business vcb:
Information vci:
Our model for News Exchange 2(4)
Service vcbs:
Employee vcbe:
Communication vcc:
Volvo Corevc:
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas using namespaces, …
Our model for News Exchange 3(4)
BizObject
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
OrgNode vcbo:
Service vcbs:
OrgNodeEmployee vcbe:
Business vcb:
InfoObject
Information vci:
CommunicationObject
Communication vcc:
CommunicationChannel
Volvo Corevc:
BusinessArea
Dept
News InstructionWebPage
Distri-bution
Subscrip-tion
Employee Service
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas using namespaces, classes and subclasses, …
News
InfoObject
Our model for News Exchange 4(4)
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas usingnamespaces, classes and subclasses, and different property constraints.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
uri
BizObject
communicationChannel destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- CooperateWith
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
Valid references toan employee
- EmployeeId- Email- FullName- Dept
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Our model for News Exchange 4(4)
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas usingnamespaces, classes and subclasses, and different property constraints.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
uri
BizObject
communicationChannel destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- CooperateWith
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
Valid references toan employee
- EmployeeId- Email- FullName- Dept
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Our model for News Exchange 4(4)
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas usingnamespaces, classes and subclasses, and different property constraints.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
BizObjectcommunicationChannel
destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- CooperateWith
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
Valid references toan employee
- EmployeeId- Email- FullName- Dept
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Our model for News Exchange 4(4)
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas usingnamespaces, classes and subclasses, and different property constraints.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
BizObjectcommunicationChannel
destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- CooperateWith
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:
Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Our model for News Exchange 4(4)
A model for describing and integrating the resources description areas usingnamespaces, classes and subclasses, and different property constraints.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
BizObjectcommunicationChannel
destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- Cooperate With
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:
Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Different ’kinds of’ properties Describe a resource itself
example: headline Relate a resource to other resource areas
example: coverage Types of properties
Further qualify the property itself, and its lifecycle example: date that for a InfoObject could be
qualified as BestBefore, Creation, Obsolete, Release Further qualify a relation to another resource
example: relation that for a OrgNode to another OrgNode could be qualified as BelongTo / Contain, CooperateWith
Different property constraints
An example of a local schema, VIT extensions
VIT:
Information vci:
InfoObject
News Instruction
Communication vcc:
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
CommunicationObject
SubscriptionDistribution
Employee
vcbe:
Employee
Service vcbs:
ServiceBusinessUnit
SupportUnit
OrgNode vcbo:
OrgNode
BusinessArea
Dept
ServiceBureauNews
BPU TeamAppl
ServiceService Bureau
Volvo Corevc:
WebPage
Business vcb:
An example of a local schema, VIT extensions
VIT:
Information vci:
InfoObject
News Instruction
Communication vcc:
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
CommunicationObject
SubscriptionDistribution
Employee
vcbe:
Employee
Service vcbs:
ServiceBusinessUnit
SupportUnit
OrgNode vcbo:
OrgNode
BusinessArea
Dept
ServiceBureauNews
BPU TeamAppl
ServiceService Bureau
Volvo Corevc:
WebPage
Business vcb:
RDF and RDF Schema mechanisms used in our model for News Exchange
RDF Statement RDF Schema Classes and subclasses RDF Schema Property declarations
- Property categories- Property typing- Domain and range constraints
RDF Statement
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:vci="http://volvo.se/vci-namespace/schema.rdf#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://vit.volvo.se/153-news/vits-0067.xml"> <rdf:type resource=”http://volvo.se/vci-namspace/schema.rdf#News”/> <vci:headline>XML consultancy ...</vci:headline> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
vits-0067.xmlheadline
resource property property value
To be read: vits-0067.xml of the class News HAS headline “XML consultancy during the millennium shift”
XML consultancy during the
millennium shift
RDF Statement, abbreviated form
Or in abbreviated form:
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:vci="http://volvo.se/vci-namespace/schema.rdf#"> <vci:News rdf:about="http://vit.volvo.se/153-news/vits-0067.xml">
<vci:headline>XML consultancy during the millennium shift </vci:headline>
</vci:News></rdf:RDF>
vits-0067.xmlheadline
resource property property value
To be read: vits-0067.xml of the class News HAS headline “XML consultancy during the millennium shift”
XML consultancy during the
millennium shift
RDF Schema Classes and subclasses
<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="News"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="#InfoObject"/> <rdfs:label>News</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"> The News class is comprised of all information about changes or events at Volvo, like pressreleases, product launches and organisational changes. </rdfs:comment></rdfs:Class>
Class:News
Subclass of:InfoObject
<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="InfoObject"> <rdfs:label>Information object</rdfs:label> <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en"> The InfoObject class is comprised of textual, graphical and video-based information objects. </rdfs:comment></rdfs:Class>
Class:InfoObject
Resources are defined in the vci schema
Property categories
Term properties used for definition of terms
Example: shortDescr
Fact properties used to describe resources
Example: headline
Action Properties for invocation of actions (triggering conditions).
Example: date (release, obsolete, etc)
Inference inference or derivation of a business rule. The property value will be
derived dynamically instead of explicitly stored.)Example: distributeTo
Derived from the Meta Data CoalitionOpen Information Model(OIM)
Property typingExample: declaration of type of date
<rdfs:Class rdf:ID="DateType"/>
<DateType rdf:ID="BestBefore"><rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Best-before date</rdfs:label>
</DateType> <DateType rdf:ID="Creation">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Creation date</rdfs:label> </DateType> <DateType rdf:ID="Obsolete">
<rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Obsolete date </rdfs:label></DateType>
<DateType rdf:ID="Release"><rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Release date</rdfs:label>
</DateType>
<rdf:Property ID="dateType"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#InfoObject"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="#DateType"/>
</rdf:Property>
Property typing Example: RDF encoded type of date
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:vc="http://volvo.se/vc-namespace/schema.rdf#" xmlns:vci="http://volvo.se/vci-namespace/schema.rdf#"> <vci:News rdf:about="http://vit.volvo.se/153-news/vits-0067.xml"> <vc:date rdf:parseType="Resource"> <rdf:value>2000-01-05</rdf:value> <vci:dateType rdf:resource="http://volvo.se/vci-namspace/schema.rdf#BestBefore"/> </vc:date> ...
</vci:News> </rdf:RDF>
2000-01-05
BestBefore
vc:daterdf:value
vci:dateType
vits-0067.xml
Properties for a Resource: Example News with ”headline” property
Domain: InfoObject-
subClassOf:vci:InfoObject
Schemas
News
vci:News
about
Instance
headlinecoverage...
vci:headline =
”XML consultancy during the millennium shift”
- subPropertyOf:factProperty
headline
Properties for a Resource: Example News with ”coverage” property
Domain:InfoObject Range:
BizObject
date/validFrom date/validTorelation/Supply...
vit:ApplService
vci:coverage =vit153:#WebConsulting
vci:News
about
Instances
headlinecoverage...
Schemas
- subClassOf:vci:InfoObject
News
- subPropertyOf:vc:factProperty
coverage- subClassOf:vcb:BizObjectvcbs:Service
ApplService
Summary: RDF and RDF Schemamechanisms used in our approach
RDF Statement RDF Schema Classes and subclasses RDF Schema Property declarations
- Property categories- Property typing- Domain and range constraints
UML -> RDF support XML editor with RDF-API Web browser with RDF support Generic database support for RDF RDF knowledgeable search engines
Wish list: Tools
Takes into account the context in which end users create and consume information.
Enables context sensitive editingfor users creating information
Enhances context driven views and navigationfor users consuming information
RDF used in a Business Context enables next generation of intranets
Appendix: A framework for the next generation of intranets
BizObject
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
OrgNode vcbo:
Service vcbs:
OrgNodeEmployee vcbe:
Business vcb:
InfoObject
Information vci:
CommunicationObject
Communication vcc:
CommunicationChannel
Volvo Corevc:
BusinessArea
Dept
News InstructionWebPage
Distri-bution
Subscrip-tion
Employee Service
2) An extension to the model describing and organising the communication of information in the business.
3 ) An extension to the model describing and integrating nodes and relations in networking organisations.
1) A model for describing three different areas of resources: business, information and communication, and integrating the resources description areas by means of generic classes, constrains and relations.
abstractcommunication
coveragecreator
dateTypeemployeeRef
headline longDescrshortDescr
uri
BizObject
communicationChannel destination moreInfo
BusinessArea
BusinessUnit
SupportUnit
Dept
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- BelongTo- Contain- CooperateWith
OrgNode vcbo:
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- ValidFrom- ValidTo
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- Supply
Service vcbs:
ServiceOrgNode
Valid type values ofproperty 'date’:
- Employeed- Retired
Valid type values ofproperty ’relation’:
- EmployedBy- ResponsibleFor- MemberOf
Employee vcbe:
Employee
fullnamedateType
relationType
Business vcb:
InfoObject
News InstructionWebPage
Information vci:Valid type values ofproperty ’date’:
- BestBefore- Creation- Obsolete- Release
Valid references toan employee
- EmployeeId- Email- FullName- Dept
CommunicationObject
distributeTo
Communication vcc:Valid type values of'yes or no' property:
- Yes- No
Subscription
elementRefsortOrder
subscriptOf
Distribution
CommunicationChannel(Email, Fax, Paper, Web)
graphicsAllowedmaxSize
Volvo Corevc:
Volvo-core main property types:
termPropertyfactPropertyactionPropertyinferenceProperty
Volvo-core general properties
daterelation
serviceOfferingdateType
relationType
dateTyperelationType
Appendix: The complete model for the News Exchange application