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![Page 1: EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY: Integrating Drama Management into a Playable Game Experience Anne Sullivan, Sherol Chen and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cb55503460f9497a3aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO
FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY:Integrating Drama Management into a Playable Game Experience
Anne Sullivan, Sherol Chen and Michael Mateas
Anne SullivanUniversity of California, Santa [email protected]://soe.ucsc.edu/~anne/
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
Introduction
DODM
Application of DODM to real-time game
Initial user studies
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
Game Story Dilemma
Player agency vs. Authorial intent
Apologies to Capcom Entertainment, Inc © 1991
Agency Intent
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM
Declarative Optimization-based Drama Manager Bates (proposed 1992) Weyhrauch (developed 1997) Search-based
Expectimax
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Theory
Stand-In Designer
Player agency Plot points
Authorial intent DM actions Evaluation features
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Theory
Pick DM move with highest projected evaluation
Plot points
DM actions
Evaluation features
Sequence so far
Project possible futures
Evaluate projected histories
Backup projected history evaluations
…
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Practice
EMPath
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Practice
EMPath
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Plot Points
Plot points
DM actions
Evaluation features…
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Plot Points – Theory
Player choice Important events in game Author chosen Player activated
Examples:Killed monkey kingFound information about prisoner
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Plot Points – Example
Kill monkey king
Leave monkey king
Player choice
Monkey King defeated plot point
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Plot Points – Reality
Plot points move Spatial reasoning
What constitutes a plot point? Encounter monkey king Kill monkey king
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – DM Actions
Plot points
DM actions
Evaluation features…
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – DM Actions – Theory
DM choices Author control Changes the game Causer, Hint, Denier/Enabler
Examples:Lock door to boss roomDrop note after next enemy dies
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – DM Actions – Example
Deny Monkey King defeated
plot point
DM choice
temp_deny_monkey_king_defeated DM action
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – DM Actions – Reality
Non-static hint probabilities Hints move, calculated at runtime Example:
info from enemy
Non-trivial refiners DM actions during real-time play Player location matters Example:
deny_candle after monkey_king_defeated
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Evaluation Features
Plot points
DM actions
Evaluation features…
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Evaluation Features – Theory
Abstraction of author goals Multiple goals Examples:
Thought FlowManipulation
Used to evaluate story quality
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Evaluation Features – Example
Plot Point:info_jailsubplot = jail
DM Action:info_guard_next_roomhints = info_guardsubplot = jail
Drama Manager (DM)
wants to maintain Thought Flow
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Evaluation Features – Reality
Story Density Non-instantaneous travel Wandering – good and bad Room transition based metric 1 – 4 rooms between plot points
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Story Density
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Story Density
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Story Density
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
Plot Point
This is bad
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Story Density
Plot point
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Story Density
Plot point
Also bad
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Player Models
Plot points
DM actions
Evaluation features
Weighted by probability of plot point occurrence
…
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Player Models – Theory
Calculate probabilities of plot points Uniform distribution
Each plot point as likely to happen
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
DODM – Player Models – Reality
Plot points Map-based distribution
World Knowledge Random walks Unpredictable players
Plot Point
Player
Plot Point
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
World Knowledge User Model Accuracy
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
boss_
dead
get_k
ey
get_w
ax
gets_
to_stai
rs
give_
flute
guard
_dea
d
info_
jail
info_
key_
guard
info_
loc_w
ax
info_
use_
wax
plot point
perc
enta
ge c
hose
n
uniform
world knowledge
real players
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
User Tests
Preliminary Tests
Drama Management On 11 users
Drama Management Off 10 users
Follow-up Interview
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
User Tests
Did the game make sense?
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
none of the time some of the time most of the time always
DM off
DM on
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
User Tests
Interview Results
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
left without questions could figure out what todo next
felt like events happenedunder their control
DM off
DM on
![Page 33: EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO FROM ABSTRACTION TO REALITY: Integrating Drama Management into a Playable Game Experience Anne Sullivan, Sherol Chen and.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081515/56649cb55503460f9497a3aa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
Conclusions
Drama Management works Preliminary user tests promising
Successful integration with game Framework changes
Interesting future work Scalability Authorship tools
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EXPRESSIVE INTELLIGENCE STUDIO UC SANTA CRUZ
Thank You
Questions?