EXPReS: towards e-EVN Arpad Szomoru Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe 4th EVN-NREN Workshop,...
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Transcript of EXPReS: towards e-EVN Arpad Szomoru Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe 4th EVN-NREN Workshop,...
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EXPReS: towards e-EVN
Arpad Szomoru
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe
4th EVN-NREN Workshop, Schiphol, 12 Oct 2005.
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20062003 2004 2005
Telescope last mile
e-VLBI Milestones
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e-EVN: Current Status • 6 telescopes “on-line”
– WSRT, NL (14 x 25m), – Torun, PL (32-m), – Onsala, SE (26 & 25-m), – Jodrell Bank, UK (76-m, 25-m), – Cambridge, UK (or other
MERLIN antennas) – Arecibo, USA (at 155 Mbps)
Medicina May 2005
• Medicina, IT (32-m) connection under construction.
• Robust fringes demonstrated at 128 Mbps.
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GÉANT-2
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e-VLBI – European Approach
• Get the European and National networking people interested: – SURFnet (6 x 1 Gbps connectivity to EVN Correlator at JIVE)– GÉANT-2 (DANTE) – Pan-European Research Network– Most networks under-utilised…
• Focus on:
– e-VLBI using existing telescope data acquisition system - Mk5
– Protocol replacement to achieve (> 500 Mbps)
– Last mile connections to EVN telescopes (network problems will solve themselves… eventually)
– Funding future e-VLBI developments (EXPReS)
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Why e-VLBI ?
• Reliability – real-time feedback to the telescopes
• Sensitivity – sustained high data rates possible
• Logistics – No media management
• Rapid science results:– Geodesy – Precision spacecraft navigation
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Why e-VLBI (cont) ?
• Target of Opportunity (ToO) capability:
– Dominated by VLBA currently
– Reliability & Logistics e-VLBI
– Sensitivity e-VLBI
– Rapid science e-VLBI
– Optimal observing strategy (obs. freq., calibrators, telescope array)
– SWIFT, LOFAR Transients etc. ToOs may become much more common e-VLBI
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Network testing• Use existing protocols on currently available hardware
–TCP maximal reliability–Not really required
Sensitive to congestion–Lot of fine-tuning necessary
–And possible
–UDP connectionlessUnaccountable
–Tailor made protocols?
–Lambda switching
• Internet weather–Hard to quantify
–Hard to pinpoint bottlenecks
0
100
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disk2net2disk
mem
-mem
Dw-BoBo-DwDw-Bo*Bo-Dw*
0
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Dw-Bo
Dw-Tr
Dw-On
Mbps
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Before/After
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TCP
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UDP
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Cambridge-Jive
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
TCP
Torun-Jive
0
100000000
200000000
300000000
400000000
500000000
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700000000
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900000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
UDP
Onsala-Jive
0
200000000
400000000
600000000
800000000
1000000000
1200000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
TCP
UDP
Bologna-Jive
0
100000000
200000000
300000000
400000000
500000000
600000000
700000000
800000000
900000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
TCP
UDP
Jodrell-Jive
0
100000000
200000000
300000000
400000000
500000000
600000000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
TCP
UDP
BWCTL Results
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e-VLBI transfer tests
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First e-VLBI Science – Spectral-line (32 Mbps)
PI:Richards et al.September 2004.
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A team of radio astronomers led by JIVE (Gurvits et al.) detected andTracked the Huygens probe using VLBI and e-VLBI techniques (see Tasso Tzimious talk).
e-VLBI Science – ESA Huygens
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VLBI determination of the Huygens descent trajectory
“Doppler interferometry”: ~25 km
A priori accuracy: ~100 km
Full VLBI accuracy: ~ 1 km
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Huygens radial velocity measurements
Para
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1
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• First continuum real-time e-VLBI science:
– March 11 2005 – WSRT, Onsala 25-m, Lovell 76-m, Cambridge 32-m , Arecibo,– Sustained 64 Mbps operations.
– Jodrell & Cambridge “winded-off”
– First part of expt (long scans on calibrators went well)
– Second part employed phase-refererencing (rapid telescope switching) correlator chocked on…
– About 1 hr of good data from 3 hr expt…
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• Target source – SN2001em (in UGC11794):
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Paragi et al. 2005 (astro-ph)Garrett et al. in prep.
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• “First Science” plans:
– Continue technical tests (1 day per 6 weeks)
– Use part of the technical test time to do real science @ 128 Mbps
– Open call for proposals in spring 2006
– Move towards sustained science @ 256 Mbps in 2006.
– Develop e-EVN Target of Opportunity policy within EVN
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Future e-VLBI Funding - EXPReS!
• Recently submitted a I3 proposal to the EC (DG-INFSO)
EXPReS = EXpress Production Real-time e-VLBI Service
• EXPReS launched by European Commissioner for Sci & Res:
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EXPReS – major aims • Proposed goals:
– Making e-VLBI an operational astronomical instrument 16 telescopes connected to JIVE at 1 Gbps Transparent inclusion of e-MERLIN antennas within e-EVN Target of Opportunity Capability
– Arpad Szomoru, JIVE.
– Networking Activities (not what you think!) – Expanding the network of telescopes that are on-line – - Paco Colomer, OAN.
– Future developments in e-VLBI > 1 Gbps data rates, distributed correlation, extended LOFAR etc.
– Huib Jan van Langevelde & Arpad Szomoru, JIVE.
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EXPReS – Financing & Partners • Funding:
– EXPReS rated No. 1 out of 43 proposals– EC award – 3.9 Million Euro – Total Cost of EXPReS – 16 Million Euro
• Partners (19 in total):
– The usual suspects – EVN institutes, incl. NAIC (Arecibo), HRAO (South Africa) & ShAO (China)
– Other telescopes: VIRAC (Latvian 32-m RT) + TIGO (6-m telescope, Concepcione Chile) – CSIRO – National Research Networks (SURFnet, AARNET, PNSC) – DANTE (operators of the pan-European network, GÉANT)– Coordinator : JIVE
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EXPReS - Australia
• e-VLBI data transfers (e.g. Huygens) • Remote observing (ATNF – Europe)
– SKA – must seem as though it is on astronomer’s door-step.
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FABRICFuture Array of Broadband Radio-telescopes on Internet Computing
• Will need a new correlator for 4 Gb/s
– Current EVN Mk4 based on 16x16x1Gb/s
– Implemented on 1024 special chips
• Next generation will most likely use standard CPUsCurrent EVN Mk4 processor equivalent 40 T-ops (2bit)LOFAR BlueGene ≈ 27 Tflops
– 32 station x 4 Gb/s 640 T-ops⇒And requirement to route 32x32 4 Gb/s input stream
• Possible solution: distribute the computing
– Use the Internet as the cross-switchSETI@home gets 59 Tflops
– Proposal to do pilot on the Grid
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Telescopes will do multicast transmission
Compute nodes will be cluster size
Transported data may be time/frequency slices
Resource allocation from central control
Output data stored in central archive, proprietary rights for users
Central astronomical scheduling
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FABRIC: possible applications
• Applications:
– (Almost) infinite spectral resolution Precision spacecraft navigation (Huygens) Test of general relativity (BepiColombo) Cosmic masers
– Surveys of several months with small antenna arrays Distances to Galactic masers using parallax Time delays in variability of gravitationally lensed objects Monitoring of structural variability in bright quasars or
stellar jets
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Expanding the e-VLBI Network
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New Antennas
40m antenna at Yebes, SpainRadio and mm frequencies
Sardinia Radio Telescope64m; radio to millimeter
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Telescope Status Comments Cost (Meuro)
Effelsberg (DE) NYO 1 Gbps planned 2006/7; last mile ~ 5 km
2.0
Yebes (ES) NYO 1 Gbps planned 2006/7 0.53
VIRAC (LV) NYO 1 Gbps planned 2006/7
VLBI Capable 2006 ?
0.53
Shanghai (CN) NYO 0.1- 1 Gbps planned
Last mile: 25 km
Poor connectivity between Europe & China (ORIENT)
0.35
Miyun (CN) & Kunming (CN)
NYO 0.1-1 Gbps planned
Last mile: few km
0.3
Urumqi (CN) NYO Fibre installed – 2 Mbps
0.1-1 Gbps planned
0.1
Hartebeesthoek (SA) NYO 1 Gbps planned as part of SKA ambitions
Poor connectivity between South Africa & Europe
-
TIGO (Chile) NYO Fibre installed -
Noto (IT) NYO Last mile problem 3.1
Sardinia (IT) NYO Last mile 1.0
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Current “e-VLBI” Telescope Status
Telescope Status Comments Cost (Meuro)
JIVE 6 x 1 Gbps 16 x 1 Gbps upgrade ……
WSRT (NL) 1 Gbps - -
Onsala (SE) 1 Gbps 10 Gbps upgrade 0.15
Torun (PL) 1 Gbps -
Jodrell Bank &
Cambridge (UK)
2.5 Gbps 10 Gbps upgrade
(7 x 30 Gbps e-MERLIN**)
0.12
Arecibo (USA) 155 Mbps 1 Gbps upgrade 0.4
Medicina (IT) 1 Gbps Summer 2005 -
Metsahovi (FI) 1 Gbps 2006 0.33
** Crucial part of the plan is to combine e-MERLIN and e-VLBI Telescopes transparently.
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1 Gbps
1 Gbps (2006/7)
1 Gbps (200?)