Explosive volcanic eruptions remembering some of the lessons from one of 2013’s non disasters
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Transcript of Explosive volcanic eruptions remembering some of the lessons from one of 2013’s non disasters
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542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”
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REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE
OF 2013’S NON-DISASTERS
PART 5: EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
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INDONESIA
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VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA,
INDONESIA ERUPTSNovember 3, 2013
--- But No Disaster This Time
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UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES
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542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”
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VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA
INDONESIA, A PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” HAS 127 ACTIVE
VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA
AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES
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INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES
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PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS-
A NATURAL HAZARD
VERTICAL ASH PLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY LATERAL BLAST, TEPHRA, LAVA FLOWS,
LAHARS, AND VOLCANIC WINTER
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VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
• VERTICAL ASH PLUME (can affect jet aircraft)
• ASH AND TEPHRA• LATERAL BLAST• PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS,
BURSTS, AND FLOWS
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VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS
• LAVA FLOWS• LAHARS (can bury villages)• EARTHQUAKES (related to
movement of lava)• “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing
famine and mass extinctions)
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LATERAL BLAST
EXPLOSIVE VOLCANICERUPTIONS
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC ASH
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIES
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BEFORE AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN
INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS
The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people
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MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013
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SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION• An eruption in September 2013
also prompted an evacuation--- about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano.
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OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION
• Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano.
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WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD
• The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air.
• This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano.
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TOWARDS VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTER
RESILIENCE
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INDONESIA’SCOMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
• VOLCANO HAZARDS
• PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY• LOCATION
VOLCANO RISK
RISKACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EMERGENCY RESPONSE• RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS
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POLICY ADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY
• EXPOSURE
• EVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COST
• BENEFIT
• CONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
EXPECTED LOSS
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THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF
YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES,2) BE PREPARED
3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE
5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND BE READY TO
START OVER
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CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING
POINTS
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2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN
EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY
BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE
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CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE
INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL
SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY
WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY
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INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring
Gateways to a Deeper Understanding
Real and Near- Real Time MonitoringHazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization
Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations
Situation Data Bases
Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources
Cause & Effect Relationships
APPLICATIONS
Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards
Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines
Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool
Introduce New Technologies
Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community
EDUCATIONAL SURGES
Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts
Enlighten Communities on Their Risks
Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios
Multiply Capability by International Twinning
Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster
OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales