Exploring International Careers

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Katherine Punteney, Ed.D. Monterey Institute of International Studies

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Exploring International Careers. Katherine Punteney, Ed.D. Monterey Institute of International Studies. Presentation Context. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Exploring International Careers

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Katherine Punteney, Ed.D.Monterey Institute of International Studies

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This lecturette was created by Katherine Punteney as part of a module on exploring international careers designed to be presented to undergraduates in international education courses.

Research on the effectiveness of this module has been published:

Punteney, K. (2012). Journal of Studies in International Education, 16(4). 390-407. doi: 10.1177/1028315311430354

Contact info:Katherine Punteney, Ed.D.Program Chair, MA in International Education Management Monterey Institute of International Studies460 Pierce Street, Monterey, CA [email protected]

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Feel free to edit, modify, and use this presentation for non-profit, educational purposes. I’ve taken out all of my photos, please add your own.

If your modified version resembles this one, please give acknowledgement on one of the slides to:

Katherine Punteney, Ed.D.Program Chair, MA in International Education Management Monterey Institute of International Studies

If your version is dramatically modified and this was merely food for thought, then no acknowledgement required.

I’d love to hear about anything you do with this: [email protected]

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A series of related jobs that take place in one or more countries outside the United States, or within the United States but with a substantial international focus.

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University of Puget Sound, Pac-Rim Program

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Mukogawa Fort Wright InstituteSpokane, Washington

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Mukogawa Women’s UniversityJunior High & High SchoolNishinomiya, Japan

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SIT Graduate Institute, Brattleboro, VTMA in International Education

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Sangam World Center, World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts; Pune, India

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(Caligiuri, 2006)

Tasks unique to global careers…Work with colleagues from other countries

Interact with external clients from other countries

Interact with internal clients from other countries

May need to speak a language other than their mother tongue

Supervise employees who are of different nationalities

Develop strategic business plans on a worldwide basis for their unit or organization

Manage a budget on a worldwide basis for their unit or organization

Negotiate in other countries or with people from other countries

Manage foreign suppliers or vendors

Manage risk on a worldwide basis for their unit or organization

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ACE Survey of 1500+ college-bound high school students:• 55% were certain or fairly certain they will

participate in study abroad

• 35% planned to participate in an international internship.

• 37 % were very interested in acquiring career-related work experience in another country.(American Council on Education, 2008)

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The American Council on Education gathered data in 2006 from 1,052 U.S. institutions:

“Does your institution’s mission statement specifically refer to international or global education?”

Yes:• Doctorate-granting (59%)• Master’s (53%)• Baccalaureate (43%)• Associate’s (27%)• Total (39%)

(American Council on Education, 2008)

“To assist students… to be useful members of a global society”

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(Kedia & Mukherji, 1999)

Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of a professional with a global mindset…Values diversity and is able to leverage differences in a meaningful way

Understands and recognizes complex patterns in complex environments

Instills values and inspires others

Builds and maintains organizational networks at a global levelExtends their personal space beyond their immediate geography in real terms as well as in relationships with others.Makes emotional connections

Has a capacity for managing uncertainty

Balances tensions of global integration and local responsiveness

Mobilizes worldwide resources to capture market opportunities

Uses technology, information systems, and telecommunications

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American Council on Education (Green & Shoenberg, 2006)

A globally competent student graduating from our institution…

Knowledge Skills Attitudes

Recognizes own culture as one of many diverse cultures

Uses knowledge, diverse frames of reference, and

alternative perspectives to think critically and solve problems

Appreciates the language, art, religion, philosophy, and

material culture of different cultures.

Demonstrates knowledge of global issues, processes, trends,

and systems

Communicates and connects with people in other language

communities in a range of settings for a variety of

purposes

Accepts cultural differences and tolerates cultural ambiguity

Demonstrates knowledge of other cultures including beliefs, values, perspectives, practices,

and products

Uses foreign language skills and/or knowledge of other

cultures to extend own access to information, experiences,

and understanding

Demonstrates an ongoing willingness to seek out

international or intercultural opportunities.

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“The prevailing wisdom of the late 20th century was that organizations could build loyal workforces socialized in organizational careers. Under this model, global careers were limited largely to expatriate assignments, conceptualized as international segments of organizational careers.” “Destabilization of careers in the restructuring of the 1980s and 1990s caused a major revision of the organizational careers view. Careers appeared increasingly to be under the control of the individual rather than the organization, and became boundaryless, meaning that they crossed traditional organizational boundaries.”

(Carr, Inkson, & Thorn, 2005)

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The nature of global work is shifting away from a model of hierarchy, efficiency, and centralized control to a model of teamwork, partnership, and decentralization. (Kedia & Mukherji, 1999)

It is no longer just the largest multinational corporations that are global in scope, instead even small and medium organizations are likely to have some combination of foreign suppliers, partners, employees, shareholders, or customers. (Caligiuri, 2006)

Organizations are increasingly using other methods of meeting workforce needs such as short-term assignments, localized transfer, international commuting, and extended business travel. (Cappellen and Janssens, 2005)

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The boundaryless global career is described as:• Movement across boundaries

of separate nations• Drawing validation from outside

the present nation• Sustained by international networks

or information• Breaking traditional national career

boundaries• Rejection of national career

opportunities for personal or family reasons

• Perceiving a boundaryless future regardless of geographical constraints

(Carr, Inkson, & Thorn, 2005)

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Surveys of 3700+ students from 500+collegeswho had studied abroad from 1950-1999: 17% participated in internship or field

experience abroad, of those 63% agreed that it “assisted or influenced my career”

62% agreed that the study abroad experience “ignited interest in a career direction pursued”

65% agreed that study abroad experience “enhanced ability to speak foreign language used in the workplace”

49% agreed “provided me with an internshipexperience that shaped my career path”

17% agreed “Influenced me to get a job overseas” (Norris & Gillespie,

2002)

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Of all respondents, 48% reported working or volunteering in a globally oriented position at some point since college.• Types of positions: private industry (21%), education (14%), NGO

employee (8%), NGO volunteer (8%), U.S. government employee (5%), Consultant (4%), other government employee (2%), other (6%)

  Comparing study abroad participants in the 50s and 60s, to

those in the 90s, the ones in the 90s were:• Almost two times as likely to have been influenced to get a job

overseas• Three times more likely to have worked for a MNC• Twice as likely to have worked in a private industry with an

international component• Ten times more likely to have participated in an internship while

studying abroad (Norris & Gillespie, 2002)

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The characteristics of study-abroad programs that seem to lead to global work are: • language of instruction other

than English (62% more likely)• longer programs (full year

programs 40% more likely)• taking host university courses

(24% more likely)• participating in internship

while abroad (20% more likely)• more likely if they lived

with host family(Norris & Gillespie, 2002)

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Interviews with 48 American expatriates working in 38 for-profit companies in Hong Kong, Taipei, Beijing, Tokyo, and Seoul.

 Top ten strategies were:1. Obtain work at MNC at company HQ2. Study abroad in U.S. based program3. Study foreign language4. Move to foreign country of choice and actively seek employment5. Engage in international travel6. Obtain international internship7. Find international business mentor8. Study in an international business/relations major9. Study abroad in foreign based program10. Teach English abroadNote: Those interviewed discouraged international non-profit work as

a way to get into international business Three predicted outcomes were not found: Working in U.S. in international trade, regular international

correspondence, U.S. based travel and tourism employment. (Vance , 2005)

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Taxonomy of self-initiating career paths:

(Vance, 2005)

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(Vance, 2005)

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Get a job with a U.S. company or organization that does overseas work

Get a job with a foreign company or organization that works in the U.S.

Get an internship abroad Volunteer abroad Do freelance work Teach English abroad Network with alumni Go abroad and get whatever work you can find

(teaching, restaurant, etc.)

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US Agency for International Development• Agricultural/rural development• Contract/commodity managers• Democracy officers• Education officers• Human resource officers• Environment/natural resources• Financial managers• Health/population/nutrition officers• Housing/urban development• Private enterprise officers

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Foreign Service/Department of State• Tracks: Political, Economic, Administrative,

Consular, Public diplomacy

Public Diplomacy & Public Affairs/DOS(formerly US Information Agency)

International Broadcasting Bureau (including former Voice of America)

Export-Import Bank of US

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US Dept of Commerce• Office of Market Access and Compliance• Office of Trade Development• Office of Import Administration• Bureau of Export Administration• Foreign Commercial Service• Office of the Deputy Assistant for Tourism• Economics and Statistics Administration• National Telecommunications and Information

Administration/Office of International Affairs• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

(NOAA)

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US Dept of Agriculture• Foreign Agriculture Service

US Dept of Energy• Office of Policy and International Affairs

US Dept of Health and Human Services• Office of Refugee Resettlement

US Dept of Justice• Office of International Affairs

National Science Foundation• Division of International Programs

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US Dept of Labor• Bureau of International Labor Affairs

US Dept of Transportation• Maritime Administration• Federal Aviation Administration

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) US Dept of Justice

• Office of International Affairs• Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

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Office of the US Trade Representative US Trade Commission Federal Reserve System Overseas Private Investment Corporation Inter-American Foundation Peace Corps National Aeronautics and Space Administration Library of Congress

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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Defense Intelligence Agency National Security Agency (NSA) Department of Defense (DOD)

• International Security Affairs Division Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

• US Citizenship and Immigration Service• Immigration and Customs Enforcement• Customs and Border Protection

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

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United Nations Secretariat Departments (NYC & Geneva)• Peacekeeping Operations• Economic and Social Affairs• Disarmament Affairs• Political Affairs• Public Information• Coordination of Humanitarian Assistance• Positions related to political analysis, economics,

social and humanitarian work, management and finance, public relations, information technology

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UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) UN Conference on Trade and Development UN Development Program (UNDP) UN Development Fund for Women UN Volunteers UN Environment Programme UN High Commission for Refugees UN Institute for Training and Research UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO)

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UN Fund for Population Activities World Food Programme Int’l Fund for Agricultural Development International Labour Organization UN Industrial Development Organization World Health Organization International Atomic Energy Agency World Bank International Monetary Fund World Trade Organization Asian Development Bank

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Major US Multinational Corporations: Berkshire Hathaway Boeing Chevron Texaco ExxonMobil General Electric IBM Johnson & Johnson

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Major US Multinational Corporations: Merck Microsoft Pfizer Philip Morris Companies Procter & Gamble SBC Communications Wal-Mart Stores

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Major Non-US Multinational Corporations:

British Petroleum Daimler Chrysler Royal Dutch/Shell Group Toyota Motor Mitsubishi Mitsui & Co. Total Fina Elf Nippon Telephone & Telegraph

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Major Non-US Multinational Corporations:

Itochu Allianz Worldwide ING Group Volkswagon Group Siemens Group Sumitomo Marubeni

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Major Consulting Firms: A.T. Kearney Inc Bain & Company Booz Allen Hamilton Boston Consulting Group McKinsey and Company The Monitor Group Accenture PricewaterhouseCoopers Deloitte & Touche Consulting Cap Gemeni Earnst & Young Bearing Point

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Research and Think Tanks: The Brookings Institution Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Center for Strategic and International Studies Council on Foreign Relations East-West Institute Institute for International Economics International Center for Research on Women International Development Research Center Social Science Research Council Worldwatch Institute

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Region Specific Organizations: American Council on Germany American Jewish Committee Asia Foundation China Institute in America Council of the Americas Middle East Institute Near East Foundation Operations Crossroads America

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International Development Organizations: American Friends Service Committee Catholic Relief Services Center for Development and Population Activities Institute for Sustainable Communities Childreach Food First InterAction Oxfam-America Save the Children Trickle Up Program

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Environment, Energy, and Population: Conservation International Environmental Defense Family Care International Greenpeace International Institute for Sustainable Development International Planned Parenthood Federation Nature Conservancy Population Council Rainforest Alliance Sierra Club World Wildlife Fund

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Relief, Refugee Assistance, Human Rights:

Amnesty International Bread for the World Center for Independent Living Freedom from Hunger Foundation Human Rights Watch International Federation of Red Cross and Red

Crescent Societies International Rescue Committee Refugees International World Concern

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Wire Services:• Agence France-Presse, Associated Press, Bloomberg,

Reuters, United Press InternationalNewspapers:

• Boston Globe, Christian Science Monitor, Economist Group, Financial Times Group, International Herald Tribune, Knight Ridder Digital, LA Times, New York Times

Magazines/Journals:• National Geographic, Forbes, Foreign Affairs, Foreign

Policy, Newsweek, Time, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, US News & World Report

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Broadcasting:• ABC, BBC World Service, CNN, CBS, Corporation for Public

Broadcasting, Fox News, NBC, CNBC, NPROnline Media:

• Slate, News.com, AnanovaAdvertising:

• J. Walter Thompson Company, BBDO Worldwide, Bozwell Worldwide, Ogilvy & Mather, Saatchi & Saatchi

Public Relations:• Burson-Marsteller, Edelman, Hill and Knowlton, Ruder

Finn

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Teaching Abroad: Overseas American Schools European Council of International Schools International School Services Peace Corps WorldTeach Volunteers in Asia Japan Exchange and Teaching Progam (JET) Others: see Dave’s ESL Café, NOVA group, AEON

Corporation, TESOL Placement Service

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Educational Development/Cultural Exchange: American Council on Education American-Mideast Educational and Training Services

(AMIDEAST) American Field Service Council on International Educational Exchange Experiment in International Living Institute of International Education IREX Sister Cities International World Education

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Global Health Organizations: Beresford Blake Thomas CANADEM Helen Ziegler and Associates International Health Exchange International Hospital Recruitments Doctors without Borders Project Concern International Trillium Human Services International Red Cross

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Links to career center and international education office resource lists:

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“It will become normal to live in other countries for periods of time, and to travel between them in careers that are cumulative and cosmopolitan. Talent will flow regularly between countries.”

“Individuals may be able to retain a sense of national identity, but more and more will become dual or multiple citizens, or even conceptualize themselves as citizens of the world, with careers that are not just international, but truly global.” (Carr, Inkson, & Thorn, 2005)

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American Council on Education. (2008, January). College-bound students’ interests in study abroad and other international learning activities. Accessed 10/5/2009 from http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentFileID=3997

American Council on Education. (2008). Mapping Internationalization on U.S. Campuses. Washington D.C.: Author.

Caligiuri, P. (2006). Developing global leaders. Human Resource Management Review, 16. 219-228.

Cappellen, T. & Janssens, M. (2005). Career paths of global managers: Towards future research. Journal of World Business, 40. 348-360.

Carr, S.C., Inkson, K., & Thorn, K. (2005). From global careers to talent flow: Reinterpreting ‘brain drain’. Journal of World Business 40, 386-398.

Green, M.& Shoenberg, R. (2006). Where Faculty Live: Internationalizing the Disciplines. Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education.

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Hachey, J. (2007). The big guide to living and working overseas (4th ed., 2nd printing). Toronto: Intercultural Systems.

Kedia, B. & Mukherji, A. (1999). Global managers: Developing a mindset for global competitiveness. Journal of World Business, 34(3). 230-251.

Norris, E.M. & Gillespie, J. (2009). How study abroad shapes global careers: Evidence from the United States. Journal of Studies in International Education 13(3). 382-397.

Segal, N. & Kocher, E. (2003). International jobs: Where they are, how to get them (6th ed.). New York: Basic Books.

Vance, C.M. (2005). The personal quest for building global competence: A taxonomy of self-initiating career path strategies for gaining business experience abroad. Journal of World Business 40. 374-385.