Exploring Diversity Protists Characteristics Most diverse of all organisms Most are unicellular,...
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Exploring Diversity
Protists
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Characteristics
• Most diverse of all organisms• Most are unicellular, microscopic organisms
• Most reproduce by asexual reproduction, some can reproduce sexually
• Carry out cell division• Protists are thought to have evolved 1.5 billion years ago
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What Unites Protists?
• Kingdom contains all eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi
• Lack specialized features that characterize the other 3 multicellular kingdoms
• Major phyla are very different from one another
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Protist Video
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Amoebas• Phylum: Rhizopoda• Protists that move by using flexible, cytoplasmic extensions pseudopodia
• Reproduce asexually• Live in fresh/salt H2O
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Algae
• Protists that autotrophs (uni/multicellular)
• Distinguished by the type of photosynthetic pigment they contain, & their cell or body shape
• 3 Types:– Green Algae (mostly freshwater & unicellular)
– Red Algae (most are marine & multicellular)– Brown Algae (most marine & multicellular)
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Green Algae
• Most are freshwater unicellular organisms
• Contain the same pigments found in the chloroplasts of plants
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Red Algae• Found in warm ocean waters• Red pigments are efficient at absorbing light that penetrates deep waters
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Brown Algae• Found mostly in marine environments
• Larger brown algae Kelp, grows along coasts – provide food & shelter for different organisms
• Among the largest organisms on Earth
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Diatoms• Phylum: Bacillariophyta• Photosynthetic, unicellular protists with double shells
• Found in oceans & lakes• Important producers in food chain
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Dinoflagellates• Unicellular phototrophs, most are marine
• Some produce powerful toxins• Create poisonous “red tides” that occur in coastal areas
• Reproduce asexually
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Euglenoids• Freshwater protists with 2 flagella, generally (example Euglena)
• 1/3 contain chloroplasts & are photosynthetic. 2/3 are heterotrophic
• Asexual reproduction
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Kinetoplasts
• Unicellular heterotrophs, with at least 1 flagellum, some have thousands
• One type causes African sleeping sickness
• Trichonympha live in gut of termites and help to digest wood
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Ciliates• Example Paramecium• Have large numbers of cilia (hairlike projections)
• Complex unicellular heterotrophs• Reproduction is usually asexual, can reproduce sexually by conjugation
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Parmecium Movie
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Protistan Molds
• Heterotrophs with some mobility
• Originally thought to be related to fungi
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Cellular Slime Molds
• Resemble amoebas • During environmental stress, they gather together & move toward a fixed center
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Plasmodial Slime Molds
• Group of organisms that stream along as a plasmodium mass of cytoplasm that looks like an oozing slime
• As the move, they engulf bacteria & other organic material
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Sporozoans
• Parasitic protists that form spores during their reproductive cycle
• All are parasitic & cause many serious diseases
• Ex.) Cryptosporidium found in feces of infected animals
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Beneficial Protists• Many live in digestive tracts of humans & the digestive tracts of animals that humans eat (help cows digest cellulose)
• Make up plankton in ocean (producers in food web)
• Major oxygen producers• Break down dead materials (recycle)
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Malaria
• One of the most deadly diseases in humans
• Symptoms: severe chills, fever, sweating, confusion, & great thirst
• Spread by the bite of certain mosquitoes
• Treatment: quinine chemical from the bark of the cinchona tree
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