Exploring Cell Shape and Function

The Microscope

prokaryotes• prokaryote – cells that do not have a

nucleus or membrane bound organelles.• Many unicellular organisms are prokaryote

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eukaryotes

• eukaryote – cells that do have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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structure

• structure - the way that something is built, arranged, or organized.

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function

• function - the special purpose or activity for which a thing exists or is used.

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Structure and Function

• The structure (shape) of most things is related to its function (job).

– A wheel is round which is related to its function which is to roll.

– A horse’s hoof is strong and is related to its function of carrying weight over hard ground.

– A bird’s wing is shaped to provide lift which is related to its function of flying.

Important facts and examples

Structure and Function

• Plant and animal cells have different parts that have different functions for the organism.

• Even cells within the same organism can differ from each other depending on their function.

Important facts

cheek epithelial cells

Cheek epithelial cells are found inside the mouth. They create a smooth lining to cover the inside of the

mouth.

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adipose cells (fat)

Adipose cells (fat) are found in many places in the body. They store fat that the body can use for

energy or insulation.

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muscle cell

Muscle cells are long and thin but can contract into a short, fat shape. Skeletal muscles relax and

contract to move the bones.

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bark cell

Bark protects plants and trees and allows them to stand up and grow taller than if they did not have

bark.

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leaf cell

Leaf cells contain many chloroplasts so the plant can undergo photosynthesis.

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root cell

Plant roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. They then help to transport these materials to the

other parts of the plant. Notice there are no chloroplasts.

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