Exploration and Exploration and SettlementSettlement

of the New Worldof the New World

I. Main Factors

A. Renaissance

1.Sparked people’s imagination and made them eager to explore the world around them.

2.Revival of classical art, literature, and learning.

3.How does it relate?

B. Protestant Reformation

1.Movement that challenged Catholic Religion.

2.Protestants were prosecuted( )and persecuted( ).

3.How does it relate?

C. Martin Luther protested against the Catholic Church.1. He felt that the Catholic Church

had become too greedy.

2. Luther’s followers became known as Protestants

Luther posting his “95 Theses” on a church door. (Germany)

D.Wealth( )1.How does it relate?• new trade route to Asia

*DO NOT WRITE*

II.Spain leads way to NEW WORLD.A.Christopher Columbus/ Queen

Isabella1.1492: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria

2.Columbus thought that he had reached India and died not knowing he had reached a New World.

3.Why did Columbus get all of the credit for the discovery?

*DO NOT WRITE*III.Other Explorers

A. Amerigo Vespucci(Italy):realized land was not Asia, but New World.

1. “America” was named after him because he mapped the New World.

B. Ferdinand Magellan(Portugal): his crew was the first to sail around the world.

C. Hernan Cortes(Spain): conquered the Aztec Empire and took control of the Southwest region.

D. Juan Ponce de Leon(Spain): searched for “the fountain of youth”.

E. Hernando de Soto(Spain): discovered the Mississippi River.

I. England, France, Netherlands follow Spain

A. Countries scramble to find the Northwest Passage:

1. waterway connecting Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

2. Why would NW Passage be valuable?

B. Countries establish settlements to:

1. gain power, make money, exploit resources( )

II. Graphic Overview

Why Explore? Why people came to the New WorldWhy Leave Europe?

BetterTrade Route

Wealth

Adventure

Religious Freedom

Establish Missions

Exploration and Settlement

B. Jamestown( )

1. England’s first permanent colony

2. Problems

a.settlement sat in malarial swamp

b.dense forests

c.Native Americans

d.lack of food (starving time during the winter of 1609)

III. English Colonies( )A. 1587, Sir Walter Raleigh founds colony

on Roanoke Island1. disputes kept supplies from being

sent for three years and settlers disappeared without a trace:

a. known as the “Lost Colony”

C. Plymouth

1. Pilgrims came to New England( ) on the Mayflower to escape religious persecution

2. Thanksgiving?

IV. The Quakers (founded by William Penn)A. Society of FriendsB. Quakers believed everyone was equal and were pacifists

1. How would Quaker ideas impact the colonies as they move toward

rebellion?

V. Bacon’s Rebellion in VirginiaA. took place in VirginiaB. led by Nathanial Bacon, a western farmer upset about not being able to take Native American land to the west( )C. What was the impact of Bacon’s

Rebellion?1.

VI. Overview of Colonies

A. New England Colonies( )

1. religious freedom

2. more control over government by colonies ( )

3. Conflict with Native Americans over land

B. Middle Colonies( )

1. excellent economy because of fertile farmland and

2. religious diversity: Quakers

a. Equality ( ) and pacifists()

C. Southern Colonies( )

1. slavery and indentured servants

2. large estates and plantations

3. more control over government by colonies- starting to question the King

a. Bacon’s Rebellion: farmers would not be limited by King; wanted to move WEST for more LAND (problems with )

4. economy based on farming ( )

VII. The eventual success of these colonies led the way for more Europeans to come to America.

A. Began a never-ending cycle:

More Settlers

Brought More Diseases

Used More Land

Gained More Riches

English ColoniesEnglish Colonies

I. Pluralism of the colonies

A. Many different types of people, cultures, and religions were accepted in the colonies

1. How does this differ from Europe?

B.”E pluribus Unum”

1. Latin for “out of many, one”

C. Largest number of newcomers to America in 1775 were black slaves

1.On the eve of the Revolution,

one in five Americans were black

II. New Culture createdA. By 1750,”American” was commonly used in colonial culture

1.Importance:B. New American dialect

1. raccoon, skunk, banjo, cookies, waffles, Yankee, plaid, bullfrog2. New language separates them more

C. Religious tolerance:1.All religions accepted and respected

III. Colonies had to be carved out of the Wilderness

A. very tedious, backbreaking work

B. took a lifetime to clear a decent sized farm

IV.LaborA.Indentured servants

1.promised to work for a specific period of time in exchange for their passage from Europe to the colonies

2.bought and sold like property3.lived under harsh conditions and many died before they “earned” their freedom

B.Slavery1.as supply of white indentured

servants sharply declined, slavery exploded in the colonies

2.Slaves--1670=5,000--1700=28,000--1775=500,000

V.”Middle Passage”( )A.trip from West Africa across the Atlantic OceanB. slaves were packed into the holds of ships, suffered intense heat, sickness, depression (picture on pg.92)C. 1 out of 7 slaves died during the tripD. John Newton

1.slave ship captain who later in life became a preacher and abolitionist( )

2.spoke of the ills of the slave trade and was a leader in England eventually outlawing the slave trade

3.wrote the lyrics to “Amazing Grace”

You have learned in this chapter about the “Middle Passage”, slavery, and John Newton. You will need to use your knowledge and thoughts to answer the following essay questions.

1.As you listen to “Amazing Grace”, what feelings do you have, what emotions, how does it make you feel? What does the song mean to you? What group of people do you usually see associated with the song?

2. Knowing the history of the song and it’s author, John Newton, what is ironic about the meaning of the song and the past of the author?

Life On the Middle Passage

IV. Packing the Slave ShipA. Tight packing – Ship packed with as many

slaves as possibleB. Loose packing – Slaves were given room to

turn around. Less slaves died in loosely packed ships

V. Hardship OnboardA. 1400 miles to the new world – 9 to 12 weeks

onboardB. SuicideC. Murdered by the crewD. Terrible Sanitation

1. Rats and Bugs2. Dead next to the living3. Poor drinking water and spoiled food4. Dysentery and Smallpox

Packing the Slave Ships

Colonial Social Movements

I. Great Awakening(1730-1750)A. Facing decline in church attendance,

the Awakening was began by MinistersB. It sought to counter both

materialism( ) and secularism( )

C. God’s will could only be understood through the heart and the soul alone, not through the mind

D. The message was carried to all the cities and rural areas by famed “evangelists”1.England’s George Whitfield(

)2.Jonathan Edwards: most famouscolonial evangelist

2.produced many conversionsF. The importance of the Great Awakening

1.secured that America would always have many religions( )2. The anti-authoritarian ( ) and anti-corruption ( )

combative attitude of the Great Awakening “sowed the seeds” of revolt against Great Britain and led colonists toward revolution

E. Great Awakening introduced the “hell-fire and damnation” sermon

1.”O sinner”O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment.

II. Salutary Neglect ( )A. England was ignoring the colonies and rarely enforced the rules. Why?

1. Distance across the Atlantic2. England became involved in conflicts3. The colonies were not considered important until too late

B. Results of Salutary Neglect1. Power of colonial assemblies increased2. “Power of the Purse”

a. 3. Right to veto

Colonial Conflict

I. Seven Years War

A. French And Indian War ( )

B. British defeated the French and signed the Treaty of Paris ( )

C. Treaty of Paris

1. England gained Canada and French lands east of the Mississippi River

2. Spain, ally of the French, lost Florida to the British

D. England plunged into huge debt

II. England had to gain control of the colonies to make them help pay for the war debt

A. Proclamation of 1763

1. Closed off all lands west of the Appalachians

2. Why did the King close western lands?

a. “To keep them safe”

1.which really means that the king doesn’t want another war

b. To keep colonists close to the eastern coast ( )

c. Protect lucrative ( ) British fur trade

3. Colonists felt cheated because they had fought in the war and wanted new land

B. Quartering Act

1. Colonial cities must provide food and shelter for the Royal troops

O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath, a wide and bottomless pit, full of the fire of wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God, whose wrath is provoked and incensed as much against you, as against many of the damned in hell. You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe it, and burn it asunder; and you have no interest in any Mediator, and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing to keep off the flames of wrath, nothing of your own, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce God to spare you one moment.