EXPLORATION

1.1. Countries like France, Portugal, and Countries like France, Portugal, and Spain wanted to increase their wealthSpain wanted to increase their wealth

2.2. In order to increase their wealth they In order to increase their wealth they had to find new trade routes to China had to find new trade routes to China and Indiaand India

Better Ships, Better SailorsBetter Ships, Better Sailors

• New Technology: New Technology:

• Better ships ( The carrack was tough and large).Better ships ( The carrack was tough and large).

• Improved ship designs made ships faster, Improved ship designs made ships faster, stronger, and less likely to sink.stronger, and less likely to sink.

• The invention of the compass, astrolabe, and The invention of the compass, astrolabe, and other new tools made navigation safer, easier, other new tools made navigation safer, easier, more accurate, and more efficient. more accurate, and more efficient.

• With both new designs and new tools, sailors With both new designs and new tools, sailors could travel farther, faster, and more accurately. could travel farther, faster, and more accurately. They were also more likely to return home.They were also more likely to return home.

Caravel

Caravel Caravel

• small, highly maneuverablesmall, highly maneuverable

• The lateen (triangular sail set) sails The lateen (triangular sail set) sails gave her speed and the capacity for gave her speed and the capacity for sailing to windward.sailing to windward.

• The Nina used by Christopher The Nina used by Christopher Columbus was a Caravel. Columbus was a Caravel.

Astrolabe Compass

•Columbus was born in Italy

•He wanted to reach India by sailing West from Europe

•The King and Queen of Spain funded Columbus’ voyage

• Three ships: The Nina, The Pinta, & the Santa Maria set sail.

• Columbus landed in The Bahamas.

•He thought it was India

•He called the people he encountered…Indians

This must be India!

Portuguese land

Spanish Land

• Did you guys know that in 1493 the European nations of Spain and Portugal actually divided the world for themselves.

•They got Pope Alexander VI to create a Line of Demarcation that split the world for the two countries to control.

•And you guys thought I only knew about Baseball.

1498•Vasco da Gama sailed for Portugal

•first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time.

•Vespucci made two voyages to the New World

•He realized that it was large continents, not islands, blocking the way to China

•A German mapmaker included the two new continents in his map and named them North and South AmericaAmerica in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

15131513

Balboa claims the Pacific Ocean for Spain

•Balboa sailed for Spain

•He wanted to find a water route through or around the Americas

•He landed in present day Panama

•He walked across the isthmus of Panama and became the 1st European to see the Pacific Ocean

•Balboa named it the South Sea at the time

•Balboa made enemies in the Spanish government and was executed.

http://members.fortunecity.com/agreeve/seacol/CARAVEL.gif

• Magellan was Portuguese Magellan was Portuguese but sailed for Spainbut sailed for Spain

• He wanted to reach Asia He wanted to reach Asia by sailing west around by sailing west around South AmericaSouth America

• No one knew how big the No one knew how big the continent wascontinent was

• Magellan renamed Magellan renamed Balboa’s South Sea: The Balboa’s South Sea: The Pacific OceanPacific Ocean

• First to First to circumnavigatecircumnavigate (sail (sail around) the world. around) the world. 40,000 40,000 miles!miles!

• Only 18 of the 240 original Only 18 of the 240 original crew survived. Only 1 of crew survived. Only 1 of the 5 the 5

shipsships

• Magellan was also killed

• In 1519, the Aztecs In 1519, the Aztecs welcomed Hernando welcomed Hernando Cortes and his Cortes and his Spanish Spanish conquistadors conquistadors (Spanish (Spanish conquerors), conquerors), thinking they were thinking they were godsgods

• The Spanish took The Spanish took advantage of the advantage of the Aztecs and Aztecs and conquered the gold conquered the gold filled city of filled city of Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan

• The mighty Aztec The mighty Aztec Empire had fallenEmpire had fallen

• A bold conquistador A bold conquistador named Francisco named Francisco Pizarro traveled to Pizarro traveled to South America with South America with 200 soldiers in 1532.200 soldiers in 1532.

• The Spanish captured The Spanish captured and executed the and executed the Incan emperor Incan emperor named Atahualpa named Atahualpa

• By 1535, the Spanish By 1535, the Spanish using swords, horses using swords, horses and primitive guns and primitive guns conquered the Incan conquered the Incan EmpireEmpire

New plants:Corn

PotatoesTomatoes

New Animals

More resources

New plants:WheatBarley

New Animals:CattlePigs

Horses

Diseases:Small PoxMeaslesTyphus