Explanation of the 39 Parameters of the Contradiction Table (Matrix)

 

1 Weight of moving object The mass of the object, in a gravitational field. The force that the body exerts on its support or suspension.

2 Weight of stationary object The mass of the object, in a gravitational field. The force that the body exerts on its support or suspension, or on the surface on which it rests.

3 Length of moving object Any one linear dimension, not necessarily the longest, is considered a length.

4 Length of stationary object Same.

5 Area of moving object A geometrical characteristic described by the part of a plane enclosed by a line. The part of a surface occupied by the object. OR the square measure of the surface, either internal or external, of an object.

6 Area of stationary object Same

7 Volume of moving object The cubic measure of space occupied by the object. Length x width x height for a rectangular object, height x area for a cylinder, etc.

8 Volume of stationary object Same

9 Speed The velocity of an object; the rate of a process or action in time.

10 Force Force measures the interaction between systems. In Newtonian physics, force = mass X acceleration. In TRIZ, force is any interaction that is intended to change an object's condition.

11 Stress or pressure Force per unit area. Also, tension.

12 Shape The external contours, appearance of a system.

13 Stability of the object's composition

The wholeness or integrity of the system; the relationship of the system's constituent elements. Wear, chemical decomposition, and disassembly are all decreases in stability. Increasing entropy is decreasing stability.

14 Strength The extent to which the object is able to resist changing in response to force. Resistance to breaking .

15 Duration of action by a moving object

The time that the object can perform the action. Service life. Mean time between failure is a measure of the duration of action. Also, durability.

16 Duration of action by a stationary object

Same.

17 Temperature The thermal condition of the object or system. Loosely includes other thermal parameters, such as heat capacity, that affect the rate of change of temperature.

18 Illumination intensity * (jargon) Light flux per unit area, also any other illumination characteristics of the system such as brightness, light quality, etc..

19 Use of energy by moving object The measure of the object's capacity for doing work. In classical mechanics, Energy is the product of force times distance. This includes the use of energy provided by the super-system (such as electrical energy or heat.) Energy required to do a particular job.

20 Use of energy by stationary object same

21 Power * (jargon) The time rate at which work is performed. The rate of use of energy.

22 Loss of Energy Use of energy that does not contribute to the job being done. See 19. Reducing the loss of energy sometimes requires different techniques from improving the use of energy, which is why this is a separate category.

23 Loss of substance Partial or complete, permanent or temporary, loss of some of a system's materials, substances, parts, or subsystems.

24 Loss of Information Partial or complete, permanent or temporary, loss of data or access to data in or by a system. Frequently includes sensory data such as aroma, texture, etc.

Explanation of the 39 Parameters of the Contradiction Table (Matrix)

References:

1. Source : Triz Journal Article Archive , 1998 2. Authors: Ellen Domb with Joe Miller, Ellen MacGran, and Michael Slocum 3. G. Altshuller, Creativity as an Exact Science,Translated by Anthony Williams. Gordon & Breach, NY, 1988. 4. Ellen Domb, "Contradictions." The TRIZ Journal, http://www.triz-journal.com, July, 1997. 5. J. Terninko, A. Zusman, B. Zlotin, Step-by-Step TRIZ, Nottingham, NH, 1997. 6. The Invention Machine Laboratory ™ version 1.4, Help files 7. H. Altov (G. Altshuller pseudonym) And Suddenly the Inventor Appeared, Translated by Lev Shulyak, Technical

Innovation Center, Worcester, MA, 1995.

25 Loss of Time Time is the duration of an activity. Improving the loss of time means reducing the time taken for the activity. "Cycle time reduction" is a common term.

26 Quantity of substance/the matter

The number or amount of a system's materials, substances, parts or subsystems which might be changed fully or partially, permanently or temporarily.

27 Reliability A system's ability to perform its intended functions in predictable ways and conditions.

28 Measurement accuracy The closeness of the measured value to the actual value of a property of a system. Reducing the error in a measurement increases the accuracy of the measurement.

29 Manufacturing precision The extent to which the actual characteristics of the system or object match the specified or required characteristics.

30 External harm affects the object

Susceptibility of a system to externally generated (harmful) effects.

31 Object-generated harmful factors

A harmful effect is one that reduces the efficiency or quality of the functioning of the object or system. These harmful effects are generated by the object or system, as part of its operation.

32 Ease of manufacture The degree of facility, comfort or effortlessness in manufacturing or fabricating the object/system.

33 Ease of operation Simplicity: The process is NOT easy if it requires a large number of people, large number of steps in the operation, needs special tools, etc. "Hard" processes have low yield and "easy" process have high yield; they are easy to do right.

34 Ease of repair Quality characteristics such as convenience, comfort, simplicity, and time to repair faults, failures, or defects in a system.

35 Adaptability or versatility The extent to which a system/object positively responds to external changes. Also, a system that can be used in multiple ways for under a variety of circumstances.

36 Device complexity The number and diversity of elements and element interrelationships within a system. The user may be an element of the system that increases the complexity. The difficulty of mastering the system is a measure of its complexity.

37 Difficulty of detecting and measuring

Measuring or monitoring systems that are complex, costly, require much time and labor to set up and use, or that have complex relationships between components or components that interfere with each other all demonstrate "difficulty of detecting and measuring." Increasing cost of measuring to a satisfactory error is also a sign of increased difficulty of measuring.

38 Extent of automation The extent to which a system or object performs its functions without human interface. The lowest level of automation is the use of a manually operated tool. For intermediate levels, humans program the tool, observe its operation, and interrupt or re-program as needed. For the highest level, the machine senses the operation needed, programs itself, and monitors its own operations.

39 Productivity * The number of functions or operations performed by a system per unit time. The time for a unit function or operation. The output per unit time, or the cost per unit output.

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TRIZ 40 PrinciplesThis Page is part of www.TRIZ40.com

Examples by Triz Journal

The 40 TRIZ principles are known solutions to solve contradictions (read more).Using these known solutions in new problems can bring innovative solutions!Discover the 40 principles of TRIZ with examples here:

(Pass the mouse over the numbers to read the features.)

1. SegmentationDivide an object into independent parts.- Replace mainframe computer by personal computers.- Replace a large truck by a truck and trailer.- Use a work breakdown structure for a large project.Make an object easy to disassemble.- Modular furniture- Quick disconnect joints in plumbingIncrease the degree of fragmentation or segmentation.- Replace solid shades with Venetian blinds.- Use powdered welding metal instead of foil or rod to get better penetration of the joint.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/13 1/18 1/27 1/32 2/4 2/13 2/20 2/29 2/31 2/32 2/33 2/36 2/39 3/11 3/12 3/13 3/21 3/24 3/30 3/32 3/34 3/35 3/36 3/37 4/11 4/16 4/30 4/35 4/36 5/305/32 5/34 5/36 6/10 6/31 6/36 7/3 7/5 7/12 7/13 7/27 7/31 7/32 7/36 8/34 8/36 9/13 9/28 9/30 9/32 10/1 10/2 10/6 10/20 10/30 10/32 10/33 10/34 11/4 11/3211/36 12/13 12/28 12/30 12/31 12/32 12/34 12/35 12/36 12/38 13/2 13/3 13/12 13/17 13/38 14/1 14/2 14/3 14/30 15/32 15/35 16/4 16/30 16/33 16/34 16/38 17/13 18/1 18/19 18/2018/22 18/23 18/24 18/25 18/26 18/35 19/28 19/30 19/34 20/32 20/39 21/3 22/18 22/33 23/7 23/18 23/31 24/3 24/30 25/18 25/20 25/34 26/32 27/12 27/29 27/34 27/36 27/39 28/18 28/2728/33 28/34 29/27 29/33 30/3 30/4 30/5 30/12 30/14 30/16 30/18 30/19 31/2 31/6 31/10 31/12 31/23 31/25 31/26 31/36 31/37 32/2 32/3 32/5 32/7 32/9 32/11 32/12 32/13 32/1432/15 32/18 32/19 32/20 32/21 32/26 32/28 32/34 32/36 32/37 32/38 32/39 33/2 33/3 33/5 33/7 33/16 33/18 33/19 33/29 33/34 33/35 33/38 33/39 34/3 34/8 34/10 34/12 34/14 34/1634/18 34/19 34/22 34/25 34/27 34/32 34/33 34/35 34/36 34/39 35/1 35/3 35/4 35/12 35/15 35/18 35/21 35/22 35/28 35/32 35/33 35/34 35/37 36/3 36/5 36/8 36/11 36/27 36/31 36/3236/34 36/38 37/2 37/7 37/12 37/21 37/23 37/35 38/12 38/13 38/32 38/33 38/34 38/35 39/18 39/20 39/27 39/28 39/29 39/33 39/34 39/35

2. Taking outSeparate an interfering part or property from an object, or single out the only necessary part (or property) of an object.- Locate a noisy compressor outside the building where compressed air is used.- Use fiber optics or a light pipe to separate the hot light source from the location where light is needed.- Use the sound of a barking dog, without the dog, as a burglar alarm.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/7 1/9 1/22 1/33 1/34 2/6 2/8 2/14 2/16 2/30 2/34 2/38 3/22 3/25 4/8 4/29 4/33 5/1 5/10 5/13 5/17 5/23 5/29 5/31 5/37 5/39 6/2 6/13 6/16 6/266/29 6/30 6/37 7/1 7/18 7/24 7/25 7/29 7/31 7/39 8/4 8/10 8/12 8/27 8/37 8/39 9/1 9/17 9/21 9/31 9/34 10/8 10/15 10/38 11/13 11/17 11/22 11/30 11/31 11/3411/37 12/8 12/19 12/21 12/30 12/34 13/1 13/5 13/11 13/22 13/23 13/34 13/35 13/36 14/31 14/33 14/36 15/3 15/7 15/10 15/18 15/27 16/35 17/9 17/11 17/21 17/30 17/31 17/35 17/3617/38 18/2 18/7 18/15 18/38 18/39 19/10 19/12 19/18 19/31 19/36 19/38 20/18 20/30 21/9 21/10 21/12 21/17 21/28 21/29 21/30 21/31 21/34 21/38 22/3 22/13 22/23 22/30 22/31 22/3422/38 23/5 23/13 23/22 23/33 23/34 23/35 24/8 25/3 25/7 26/6 26/13 26/28 26/34 27/8 27/15 27/30 27/31 28/10 28/26 28/35 28/38 29/4 29/6 29/7 29/19 29/21 29/22 29/36 30/230/6 30/11 30/17 30/20 30/21 30/22 30/24 30/27 30/32 30/33 30/34 31/5 31/7 31/11 31/14 31/17 31/19 31/21 31/22 31/27 31/37 31/38 32/30 32/33 32/35 33/1 33/11 33/21 33/22 33/2333/28 33/30 33/32 34/1 34/2 34/7 34/12 34/13 34/14 34/21 34/23 34/26 34/28 34/30 35/3 35/16 35/17 35/23 36/2 36/13 36/14 36/17 36/19 36/22 36/28 37/5 37/6 37/8 37/18 37/3137/33 38/10 38/17 38/19 38/21 38/30 38/31 39/7 39/8 39/15 39/32 39/37

3. Local qualityChange an object's structure from uniform to non-uniform, change an external environment (or external influence) from uniform tonon-uniform.- Use a temperature, density, or pressure gradient instead of constant temperature, density or pressure.Make each part of an object function in conditions most suitable for its operation.- Lunch box with special compartments for hot and cold solid foods and for liquids.Make each part of an object fulfill a different and useful function.- Pencil with eraser- Hammer with nail puller- Multi-function tool that scales fish, acts as a pliers, a wire stripper, a flat-blade screwdriver, a Phillips screwdriver, manicure set, etc.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/23 1/26 1/27 1/33 1/39 2/27 4/17 4/18 4/28 4/34 5/14 5/15 5/28 6/28 8/26 9/14 9/15 9/37 10/27 10/31 10/33 10/39 11/14 11/15 11/23 11/29 12/2 12/23 13/16 13/1813/39 14/5 14/10 14/11 14/15 14/25 14/27 14/28 14/29 14/32 14/34 14/35 14/37 15/5 15/9 15/11 15/13 15/14 15/23 15/26 15/28 15/29 16/13 16/26 17/5 17/10 17/19 17/26 17/27 17/3718/13 18/29 19/17 19/28 20/26 22/21 22/37 23/8 23/11 23/12 23/15 23/26 25/13 25/14 26/10 26/11 26/15 26/16 26/17 26/20 26/23 26/27 26/31 26/35 26/36 26/37 26/39 27/1 27/2 27/727/10 27/15 27/17 27/26 27/28 28/4 28/5 28/6 28/19 28/21 28/31 29/11 29/14 29/15 29/18 30/12 30/38 31/9 31/26 31/28 32/14 33/14 33/15 33/38 34/4 35/14 35/17 35/26 36/26 37/937/14 37/17 37/22 37/26 38/33 39/2 39/13

4. AsymmetryChange the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical.

TRIZ 40 Principles http://triz40.com/aff_Principles.htm

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- Asymmetrical mixing vessels or asymmetrical vanes in symmetrical vessels improve mixing (cement trucks, cake mixers, blenders).- Put a flat spot on a cylindrical shaft to attach a knob securely.If an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry.- Change from circular O-rings to oval cross-section to specialized shapes to improve sealing.- Use astigmatic optics to merge colors.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/17 3/5 3/7 3/9 3/10 3/23 3/28 3/33 3/39 5/1 5/3 5/7 5/9 5/12 5/25 6/25 6/26 6/27 6/33 7/3 7/5 7/9 7/12 7/15 7/37 8/17 8/31 9/36 11/12 11/2512/3 12/5 12/7 12/13 12/21 13/12 13/20 15/18 15/32 15/36 17/8 17/34 20/13 20/32 21/26 25/5 25/6 25/11 25/12 25/27 25/32 25/33 26/6 27/3 27/6 27/25 29/31 30/3 31/8 31/2932/15 32/20 32/25 33/8 33/24 33/25 34/12 34/17 34/35 35/34 36/15 37/7 37/9 38/35 39/3

5. MergingBring closer together (or merge) identical or similar objects, assemble identical or similar parts to perform parallel operations.- Personal computers in a network- Thousands of microprocessors in a parallel processor computer- Vanes in a ventilation system- Electronic chips mounted on both sides of a circuit board or subassemblyMake operations contiguous or parallel; bring them together in time.- Link slats together in Venetian or vertical blinds.- Medical diagnostic instruments that analyze multiple blood parameters simultaneously- Mulching lawnmowerThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/15 1/23 1/35 2/8 2/23 5/12 9/15 10/23 12/3 12/5 12/23 15/1 15/9 19/14 19/23 23/12 23/19 24/2 25/2 25/4 25/5 25/7 25/10 25/13 25/22 28/3 28/27 32/33 33/32 35/2837/32 37/33 38/23 38/39 39/38

6. UniversalityMake a part or object perform multiple functions; eliminate the need for other parts.- Handle of a toothbrush contains toothpaste- Child s car safety seat converts to a stroller- Mulching lawnmower (Yes, it demonstrates both Principles 5 and 6, Merging and Universality.)- Team leader acts as recorder and timekeeper.- CCD (Charge coupled device) with micro-lenses formed on the surfaceThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/17 1/22 2/16 2/26 2/33 4/22 5/15 5/26 7/11 7/15 7/21 7/25 7/39 8/17 8/21 9/11 11/7 11/9 11/28 12/19 12/21 13/22 15/19 15/38 16/2 16/27 16/37 17/1 17/8 18/1018/15 18/22 18/24 18/36 19/15 19/21 19/30 19/31 20/2 20/39 21/7 21/8 21/18 21/19 21/25 22/1 22/2 22/3 22/4 22/13 23/1 23/2 23/18 23/26 25/21 25/36 26/1 26/23 27/16 28/728/11 28/12 28/14 28/15 28/17 28/18 28/19 28/21 28/26 28/32 30/19 31/19 32/37 33/2 35/1 35/14 35/18 35/39 36/6 36/7 36/25 37/2 37/16 38/15 39/7

7. Nested dollPlace one object inside another; place each object, in turn, inside the other.- Measuring cups or spoons- Russian dolls- Portable audio system (microphone fits inside transmitter, which fits inside amplifier case)Make one part pass through a cavity in the other.- Extending radio antenna- Extending pointer- Zoom lens- Seat belt retraction mechanism- Retractable aircraft landing gear stow inside the fuselage (also demonstrates Principle 15, Dynamism).This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:3/7 3/22 4/6 4/12 4/39 5/7 6/4 6/22 6/39 7/3 7/5 7/14 7/22 7/26 8/12 9/7 12/4 12/8 14/7 22/3 22/4 22/6 22/7 22/8 22/17 22/25 22/26 22/36 26/22 34/3534/38 35/5 35/34 39/4 39/6 39/33

8. Anti-weightTo compensate for the weight of an object, merge it with other objects that provide lift.- Inject foaming agent into a bundle of logs, to make it float better.- Use helium balloon to support advertising signs.To compensate for the weight of an object, make it interact with the environment (e.g. use aerodynamic, hydrodynamic, buoyancy andother forces).- Aircraft wing shape reduces air density above the wing, increases density below wing, to create lift. (This also demonstrates Principle 4,Asymmetry.)- Vortex strips improve lift of aircraft wings.- Hydrofoils lift ship out of the water to reduce drag.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/3 1/9 1/10 1/35 2/10 2/23 2/27 3/1 3/9 3/11 3/12 3/13 3/14 3/19 4/8 4/21 8/4 9/3 9/14 9/19 9/32 10/1 10/23 12/1 13/38 14/1 14/3 14/9 19/9 21/126/38 27/1 27/2 27/10 27/35 32/9 32/38 33/15 33/27 35/1 35/12 35/27 37/27 38/18

TRIZ 40 Principles http://triz40.com/aff_Principles.htm

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9. Preliminary anti-actionIf it will be necessary to do an action with both harmful and useful effects, this action should be replaced with anti-actions to controlharmful effects.- Buffer a solution to prevent harm from extremes of pH.Create beforehand stresses in an object that will oppose known undesirable working stresses later on.- Pre-stress rebar before pouring concrete.- Masking anything before harmful exposure: Use a lead apron on parts of the body not being exposed to X-rays. Use masking tape toprotect the part of an object not being paintedThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:2/32 5/27 6/4 7/14 8/14 10/3 10/7 11/14 12/15 13/14 14/6 14/8 15/3 17/3 17/4 19/14 20/2 22/2 27/3 29/2 32/34 34/9 34/14 36/33 37/25 38/15

10. Preliminary actionPerform, before it is needed, the required change of an object (either fully or partially).- Pre-pasted wall paper- Sterilize all instruments needed for a surgical procedure on a sealed tray.Pre-arrange objects such that they can come into action from the most convenient place and without losing time for their delivery.- Kanban arrangements in a Just-In-Time factory- Flexible manufacturing cellThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/10 1/11 1/12 1/24 1/25 2/4 2/10 2/11 2/12 2/14 2/24 2/25 2/27 2/29 2/36 3/10 3/12 3/17 3/23 3/27 3/29 3/34 4/6 4/10 4/16 4/23 4/29 5/11 5/21 5/235/34 5/39 6/11 6/16 6/23 6/25 6/39 7/13 7/17 7/18 7/23 7/25 7/34 7/39 8/2 8/23 8/29 8/39 9/18 9/23 9/26 9/29 9/35 9/36 9/38 10/4 10/5 10/12 10/13 10/1410/17 10/19 10/25 10/28 10/36 10/37 11/1 11/2 11/3 11/5 11/6 11/7 11/12 11/19 11/21 11/23 11/26 11/27 11/39 12/1 12/2 12/4 12/5 12/10 12/11 12/14 12/25 12/27 12/39 13/713/10 13/15 13/34 14/7 14/10 14/11 14/12 14/17 14/19 14/21 14/25 14/26 14/32 14/39 15/7 15/14 15/21 15/24 15/25 15/26 15/34 15/36 15/38 16/24 16/25 16/28 16/32 16/39 17/10 17/1417/27 17/34 18/7 18/9 18/38 20/27 20/30 21/3 21/11 21/14 21/15 21/22 21/24 21/25 21/32 21/33 21/34 22/24 22/25 22/27 22/39 23/3 23/4 23/5 23/6 23/9 23/11 23/25 23/26 23/2723/29 23/31 23/35 23/36 23/37 23/38 23/39 24/1 24/2 24/15 24/16 24/21 24/22 24/27 24/30 24/31 25/1 25/2 25/6 25/7 25/10 25/12 25/15 25/16 25/21 25/22 25/23 25/27 25/33 25/3425/37 26/11 26/14 26/15 26/23 26/33 26/34 26/36 27/1 27/2 27/5 27/7 27/10 27/11 27/17 27/22 27/23 27/24 27/25 28/16 28/23 28/31 28/36 28/38 28/39 29/3 29/4 29/8 29/9 29/2329/30 29/34 29/39 30/20 30/24 30/29 30/34 31/23 31/24 32/14 32/39 33/21 33/24 33/25 34/3 34/10 34/17 34/21 34/25 34/26 34/27 34/28 34/29 34/30 34/32 34/39 35/9 35/23 35/28 36/936/15 36/22 36/23 36/26 36/28 36/37 37/21 37/23 37/36 38/2 38/9 38/23 38/28 38/36 39/5 39/6 39/7 39/8 39/10 39/11 39/12 39/14 39/15 39/16 39/17 39/19 39/21 39/22 39/23 39/2739/28 39/29 39/33 39/34

The 40 TRIZ Principles are brought to you by TRIZ40

11. Beforehand cushioningPrepare emergency means beforehand to compensate for the relatively low reliability of an object.- Magnetic strip on photographic film that directs the developer to compensate for poor exposure- Back-up parachute- Alternate air system for aircraft instrumentsThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/27 1/34 2/34 5/13 7/27 9/27 10/11 10/34 11/33 13/5 14/27 14/32 14/34 15/27 18/28 19/27 22/27 27/4 27/9 27/12 27/14 27/18 27/19 27/21 27/22 27/28 27/29 27/34 27/38 28/2728/34 29/27 30/35 32/13 32/34 32/37 34/1 34/2 34/7 34/10 34/14 34/15 34/27 34/32 34/36 35/30 37/13 37/32 38/27

12. EquipotentialityIn a potential field, limit position changes (e.g. change operating conditions to eliminate the need to raise or lower objects in a gravityfield).- Spring loaded parts delivery system in a factory- Locks in a channel between 2 bodies of water (Panama Canal)- Skillets in an automobile plant that bring all tools to the right position (also demonstrates Principle 10, Preliminary Action)This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/19 1/21 4/21 7/33 9/33 10/7 10/9 15/33 19/1 19/3 19/12 19/22 19/39 23/20 32/5 32/10 32/21 32/28 33/3 33/11 33/26 33/32 33/34 33/36 33/38 34/33 36/39 37/34 38/33 38/3939/36 39/38

13. The other way roundInvert the action(s) used to solve the problem (e.g. instead of cooling an object, heat it).- To loosen stuck parts, cool the inner part instead of heating the outer part.- Bring the mountain to Mohammed, instead of bringing Mohammed to the mountain.Make movable parts (or the external environment) fixed, and fixed parts movable.- Rotate the part instead of the tool.- Moving sidewalk with standing people.- Treadmill (for walking or running in place.)Turn the object (or process) 'upside down'.- Turn an assembly upside down to insert fasteners (especially screws).- Empty grain from containers (ship or railroad) by inverting them.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:2/6 2/11 2/12 2/23 2/33 3/9 4/12 5/13 5/18 5/26 5/32 5/33 5/34 5/36 7/18 7/21 7/22 7/33 9/1 9/3 9/10 9/18 9/23 9/24 9/32 9/33 10/2 10/9 10/27 10/31

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11/2 11/27 12/4 12/18 12/34 12/37 13/3 13/5 13/15 13/19 13/28 14/9 14/13 14/36 15/13 15/27 15/35 17/15 18/7 18/9 18/22 18/23 18/34 18/36 19/7 19/13 19/35 21/6 22/3 22/1823/9 23/18 23/37 24/39 26/28 26/36 26/39 27/18 27/35 27/36 27/38 28/7 28/9 28/13 28/33 28/34 28/35 29/1 29/22 30/2 30/10 30/18 30/39 32/2 32/3 32/5 32/7 32/9 32/12 32/1332/33 32/35 33/1 33/2 33/3 33/5 33/9 33/10 33/17 33/18 33/19 33/22 33/28 34/5 34/11 34/12 34/18 34/28 34/36 34/38 35/15 35/19 35/23 35/27 35/32 36/5 36/12 36/14 36/17 36/1836/22 36/26 36/27 36/32 36/34 37/1 37/2 37/5 37/12 38/3 38/5 38/7 38/11 38/12 38/14 38/19 38/26 38/32 38/34 39/24 39/30

14. Spheroidality - CurvatureInstead of using rectilinear parts, surfaces, or forms, use curvilinear ones; move from flat surfaces to spherical ones; from parts shaped asa cube (parallelepiped) to ball-shaped structures.- Use arches and domes for strength in architecture.Use rollers, balls, spirals, domes.- Spiral gear (Nautilus) produces continuous resistance for weight lifting.- Ball point and roller point pens for smooth ink distributionGo from linear to rotary motion, use centrifugal forces.- Produce linear motion of the cursor on the computer screen using a mouse or a trackball.- Replace wringing clothes to remove water with spinning clothes in a washing machine.- Use spherical casters instead of cylindrical wheels to move furniture.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/12 2/8 2/12 3/27 3/35 3/39 4/8 4/11 4/12 4/14 4/25 4/39 5/3 5/7 5/14 5/36 5/38 6/2 6/23 7/14 7/27 8/2 8/3 8/4 8/14 9/3 9/14 9/22 10/14 10/2210/26 11/4 11/19 11/21 11/26 11/39 12/4 12/7 12/11 12/14 12/15 12/17 12/19 12/22 12/25 13/22 13/23 14/4 14/7 14/8 14/9 14/10 14/39 15/12 15/39 17/12 17/21 19/11 19/17 21/1221/17 22/13 23/3 23/10 23/13 25/4 26/3 26/5 26/10 26/11 26/12 26/14 27/3 27/5 27/7 35/9 35/13 36/5 38/3 38/5 39/4 39/11 39/12

15. DynamicsAllow (or design) the characteristics of an object, external environment, or process to change to be optimal or to find an optimal operatingcondition.- Adjustable steering wheel (or seat, or back support, or mirror position...)Divide an object into parts capable of movement relative to each other.- The *butterfly* computer keyboard, (also demonstrates Principle 7, *Nested doll*.)If an object (or process) is rigid or inflexible, make it movable or adaptive.- The flexible boroscope for examining engines- The flexible sigmoidoscope, for medical examinationThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/3 1/9 1/35 2/21 2/22 2/24 2/35 2/37 2/39 3/1 3/5 3/13 3/17 3/25 3/30 3/31 3/33 3/35 4/12 4/14 4/27 4/32 5/3 5/11 5/14 5/17 5/18 5/22 5/33 5/345/35 6/11 6/35 6/39 7/10 7/12 7/14 7/22 7/33 7/35 8/14 9/10 9/12 9/19 9/35 10/5 10/7 10/9 10/22 10/32 10/34 10/35 11/5 11/6 11/12 12/2 12/7 12/9 12/11 12/1812/33 12/35 12/37 12/38 13/3 13/9 13/14 13/26 14/1 14/3 14/4 14/7 14/8 14/31 14/35 14/37 14/38 15/30 15/36 17/3 17/4 17/19 17/39 18/20 18/28 18/30 18/34 18/35 18/37 19/519/18 19/22 19/34 19/35 21/9 21/13 21/28 22/1 22/5 22/18 22/37 23/10 23/25 23/32 23/35 24/39 25/3 26/5 26/7 26/13 26/35 27/3 27/4 30/15 31/1 31/3 31/14 31/15 32/1 32/432/23 32/35 33/1 33/6 33/7 33/12 33/35 33/39 34/5 34/18 34/19 34/21 34/22 34/33 35/1 35/2 35/6 35/7 35/10 35/12 35/22 35/23 35/26 35/33 35/36 36/12 36/15 36/35 36/37 36/3837/14 37/22 37/35 37/36 38/12 38/36 39/2 39/10 39/24

16. Partial or excessive actionsIf 100 percent of an object is hard to achieve using a given solution method then, by using 'slightly less' or 'slightly more' of the samemethod, the problem may be considerably easier to solve.- Over spray when painting, then remove excess. (Or, use a stencil--this is an application of Principle 3, Local Quality and Principle 9,Preliminary anti-action).- Fill, then *top off* when filling the gas tank of your car.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:3/35 3/38 5/17 5/33 6/24 6/32 6/33 6/34 6/35 7/22 7/29 7/38 8/25 8/27 9/37 10/20 11/4 11/32 12/27 12/36 13/10 13/18 13/34 14/28 15/10 15/29 15/31 16/2 16/21 16/2316/25 16/39 17/18 17/34 17/36 17/38 18/3 18/22 18/34 18/39 19/10 19/26 19/35 20/37 21/16 21/18 21/19 21/37 22/9 23/16 23/28 24/6 25/5 25/8 25/16 25/26 26/19 26/25 27/5 27/1228/3 28/4 28/23 31/3 31/16 32/1 32/6 32/16 32/24 32/33 33/5 33/6 33/7 33/16 33/35 34/6 34/19 34/27 34/30 34/35 35/2 35/4 35/6 35/11 35/16 35/33 35/34 36/5 36/8 36/1037/3 37/6 37/7 37/9 37/17 37/20 37/21 38/7 39/16

17. Another dimensionTo move an object in two- or three-dimensional space.- Infrared computer mouse moves in space, instead of on a surface, for presentations.- Five-axis cutting tool can be positioned where needed.Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement.- Cassette with 6 CD s to increase music time and variety- Electronic chips on both sides of a printed circuit board- Employees *disappear* from the customers in a theme park, descend into a tunnel, and walk to their next assignment, where they returnto the surface and magically reappear.Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side.- Dump truckUse 'another side' of a given area.- Stack microelectronic hybrid circuits to improve density.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/5 2/29 2/37 3/5 3/7 3/10 3/30 3/31 3/32 3/38 4/6 4/32 5/1 5/7 5/22 5/31 5/33 6/21 6/22 6/39 7/5 7/31 8/14 8/37 10/3 10/19 10/35 12/25 12/32 12/39

TRIZ 40 Principles http://triz40.com/aff_Principles.htm

4 of 9 10/3/11 10:26 AM

13/14 14/8 14/13 15/5 15/39 16/30 17/19 17/21 17/22 17/26 17/36 18/25 18/34 19/13 19/34 19/35 21/2 21/6 21/17 21/35 21/38 22/5 22/6 25/6 25/12 25/18 26/13 26/17 27/5 27/3328/33 29/31 30/3 30/16 31/3 31/5 31/7 31/29 32/3 32/4 33/3 33/5 33/18 33/27 33/36 35/10 36/13 36/17 36/18 36/39 37/3 37/5 38/3 38/5 39/6 39/18 39/36

18. Mechanical vibrationCause an object to oscillate or vibrate.- Electric carving knife with vibrating bladesIncrease its frequency (even up to the ultrasonic).- Distribute powder with vibration.Use an object's resonant frequency.- Destroy gall stones or kidney stones using ultrasonic resonance.Use piezoelectric vibrators instead of mechanical ones.- Quartz crystal oscillations drive high accuracy clocks.Use combined ultrasonic and electromagnetic field oscillations.- Mixing alloys in an induction furnaceThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/10 1/14 1/21 1/26 1/29 1/30 1/38 2/11 2/20 2/21 2/22 2/26 2/28 4/17 4/30 5/3 5/21 5/31 5/37 6/2 6/10 6/23 6/25 6/26 6/29 6/36 6/37 7/17 7/21 8/108/25 8/31 9/11 9/12 9/13 9/38 10/1 10/2 10/6 10/8 10/11 10/21 10/26 10/30 10/32 10/35 10/36 11/2 11/14 11/31 12/9 12/13 13/9 13/12 13/20 13/29 13/30 14/10 14/11 14/3015/19 15/23 15/25 16/17 16/23 17/5 17/7 17/16 17/25 17/35 19/1 19/7 19/15 19/21 19/23 19/25 19/26 20/13 20/23 20/31 21/23 21/31 22/2 22/6 22/7 22/25 22/26 23/6 23/8 23/1023/15 23/16 23/19 23/21 23/25 23/37 23/38 25/8 25/14 25/15 25/17 25/19 25/22 25/23 25/26 25/29 25/30 25/31 25/37 26/1 26/2 26/3 26/6 26/19 26/22 26/25 26/27 26/37 28/32 29/129/6 29/13 29/25 29/36 29/38 29/39 30/4 30/10 30/13 30/14 30/25 30/29 31/5 31/8 31/11 31/20 31/21 31/39 32/17 32/24 32/28 33/6 33/8 33/9 34/4 35/22 37/5 37/8 37/21 37/2337/25 37/26 37/39 38/1 38/13 38/23 38/29 39/3 39/14 39/15 39/29 39/31 39/37

19. Periodic actionInstead of continuous action, use periodic or pulsating actions.- Hitting something repeatedly with a hammer- Replace a continuous siren with a pulsed sound.If an action is already periodic, change the periodic magnitude or frequency.- Use Frequency Modulation to convey information, instead of Morse code.- Replace a continuous siren with sound that changes amplitude and frequency.Use pauses between impulses to perform a different action.- In cardio-pulmonary respiration (CPR) breathe after every 5 chest compressions.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/13 1/18 1/22 1/38 2/10 2/16 2/17 2/18 2/20 2/21 2/22 2/26 2/30 2/35 3/15 3/17 3/36 5/10 5/18 5/19 5/21 6/16 8/2 8/3 8/30 9/10 9/15 9/18 9/21 9/229/26 10/3 10/5 10/15 10/19 10/21 10/37 11/15 11/17 11/27 11/36 12/17 13/7 13/19 13/32 14/18 14/19 15/1 15/3 15/5 15/7 15/10 15/11 15/17 15/18 15/21 15/37 15/39 16/2 16/1717/3 17/4 17/11 17/12 17/15 17/16 17/19 17/27 17/28 17/38 18/1 18/3 18/5 18/9 18/10 18/14 18/15 18/17 18/19 18/25 18/26 18/30 18/31 18/32 18/33 18/35 19/5 19/13 19/14 19/1719/18 19/21 19/25 19/27 19/33 20/2 20/18 20/31 20/37 21/2 21/5 21/15 21/18 21/19 21/24 21/26 21/27 21/30 21/35 21/36 21/37 22/1 22/2 22/17 22/24 22/34 24/18 24/21 24/22 25/1825/19 27/11 27/19 28/17 29/10 29/17 30/8 30/18 30/21 30/23 30/36 30/37 31/1 31/18 31/20 31/36 32/11 32/22 33/22 34/22 35/2 35/19 35/21 36/3 36/11 36/13 36/21 36/30 36/31 37/1037/15 37/20 37/22 37/30 38/17 38/18 39/18 39/19

20. Continuity of useful actionCarry on work continuously; make all prts of an object work at full load, all the time.- Flywheel (or hydraulic system) stores energy when a vehicle stops, so the motor can keep running at optimum power.- Run the bottleneck operations in a factory continuously, to reach the optimum pace. (From theory of constraints, or takt time operations)Eliminate all idle or intermittent actions or work.- Print during the return of a printer carriage--dot matrix printer, daisy wheel printers, inkjet printers.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/25 2/25 9/22 10/35 15/25 16/25 16/39 21/25 21/36 25/1 25/2 25/15 25/16 25/21 26/7 35/10 36/21 39/16 39/21

The 40 TRIZ Principles are brought to you by TRIZ40

21. SkippingConduct a process , or certain stages (e.g. destructible, harmful or hazardous operations) at high speed.- Use a high speed dentist s drill to avoid heating tissue.- Cut plastic faster than heat can propagate in the material, to avoid deforming the shape.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/30 7/30 9/31 10/11 10/13 10/17 10/27 11/10 13/1 13/10 15/31 17/10 17/18 17/22 17/23 17/25 19/10 19/27 22/30 22/31 23/17 24/31 25/17 27/9 27/19 27/21 27/26 30/1 30/9 30/2231/16 31/22 31/24 31/37 37/31 37/38 39/17

22. *Blessing in disguise* or *Turn Lemons into Lemonade*Use harmful factors (particularly, harmful effects of the environment or surroundings) to achieve a positive effect.- Use waste heat to generate electric power.- Recycle waste (scrap) material from one process as raw materials for another.Eliminate the primary harmful action by adding it to another harmful action to resolve the problem.- Add a buffering material to a corrosive solution.- Use a helium-oxygen mix for diving, to eliminate both nitrogen narcosis and oxygen poisoning from air and other nitrox mixes.Amplify a harmful factor to such a degree that it is no longer harmful.

TRIZ 40 Principles http://triz40.com/aff_Principles.htm

5 of 9 10/3/11 10:26 AM

- Use a backfire to eliminate the fuel from a forest fire.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/30 1/31 2/17 2/21 2/30 2/31 5/30 6/31 7/24 7/30 11/30 12/7 12/17 12/26 12/30 13/12 13/36 13/37 14/31 15/30 15/31 16/31 17/1 17/2 17/12 17/14 17/30 17/31 19/22 20/3020/31 21/11 21/30 22/30 22/31 23/2 23/30 24/8 24/30 24/31 24/33 25/13 25/31 28/30 30/1 30/2 30/5 30/7 30/9 30/11 30/12 30/15 30/17 30/20 30/21 30/22 30/23 30/24 30/35 30/3630/37 30/39 31/1 31/2 31/3 31/6 31/14 31/15 31/16 31/17 31/20 31/22 31/25 31/39 33/24 35/18 36/13 36/30 37/13 37/24 37/30 39/13 39/30 39/31

23. FeedbackIntroduce feedback (referring back, cross-checking) to improve a process or action.- Automatic volume control in audio circuits- Signal from gyrocompass is used to control simple aircraft autopilots.- Statistical Process Control (SPC) -- Measurements are used to decide when to modify a process. (Not all feedback systems areautomated!)- Budgets --Measurements are used to decide when to modify a process.If feedback is already used, change its magnitude or influence.- Change sensitivity of an autopilot when within 5 miles of an airport.- Change sensitivity of a thermostat when cooling vs. heating, since it uses energy less efficiently when cooling.- Change a management measure from budget variance to customer satisfaction.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:3/23 5/38 6/38 9/30 10/28 13/16 13/37 13/39 16/13 19/11 19/26 20/27 22/7 22/36 22/37 23/1 23/39 24/27 24/39 27/20 27/28 28/27 29/7 29/33 29/38 30/7 30/28 31/9 32/26 33/2938/4 38/22 38/29 39/23 39/24

24. 'Intermediary'Use an intermediary carrier article or intermediary process.- Carpenter s nailset, used between the hammer and the nailMerge one object temporarily with another (which can be easily removed).- Pot holder to carry hot dishes to the tableThis principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/24 1/33 1/39 3/19 3/24 3/30 3/36 3/37 3/38 4/23 4/24 5/32 7/38 8/11 9/28 9/31 10/28 10/31 11/8 11/19 11/38 13/30 16/28 17/28 17/29 17/31 19/13 19/17 19/22 19/2321/27 23/4 23/19 23/26 23/29 23/33 23/36 24/1 24/25 24/26 25/4 25/24 25/28 25/29 25/38 26/23 26/24 27/7 27/8 27/11 27/35 28/9 28/16 28/17 28/25 28/30 28/37 29/23 30/2 30/1330/19 30/27 30/32 30/39 31/17 31/18 31/26 31/27 32/18 32/21 32/24 32/26 32/30 33/18 33/19 33/23 35/27 36/3 36/18 36/29 36/33 36/38 37/3 37/18 37/23 37/28 38/25 38/36 39/1 39/3039/32 39/36

25. Self-serviceMake an object serve itself by performing auxiliary helpful functions- A soda fountain pump that runs on the pressure of the carbon dioxide that is used to *fizz* the drinks. This assures that drinks will not beflat, and eliminates the need for sensors.- Halogen lamps regenerate the filament during use--evaporated material is redeposited.- To weld steel to aluminum, create an interface from alternating thin strips of the 2 materials. Cold weld the surface into a single unit withsteel on one face and copper on the other, then use normal welding techniques to attach the steel object to the interface, and the interfaceto the aluminum. (This concept also has elements of Principle 24, Intermediary, and Principle 4, Asymmetry.)Use waste resources, energy, or substances.- Use heat from a process to generate electricity: *Co-generation*.- Use animal waste as fertilizer.- Use food and lawn waste to create compost.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:2/37 4/18 4/33 7/28 7/29 8/29 9/29 10/33 11/22 11/28 12/15 14/33 14/36 15/12 16/37 17/21 18/39 19/5 19/11 20/37 21/8 21/17 22/26 26/22 26/33 26/34 27/15 28/2 28/32 29/829/34 30/33 33/1 33/2 33/15 33/16 33/28 33/30 34/3 34/6 34/7 34/25 34/26 34/29 37/15 37/16 38/14 38/37 39/34

26. CopyingInstead of an unavailable, expensive, fragile object, use simpler and inexpensive copies.- Virtual reality via computer instead of an expensive vacation- Listen to an audio tape instead of attending a seminar.Replace an object, or process with optical copies.- Do surveying from space photographs instead of on the ground.- Measure an object by measuring the photograph.- Make sonograms to evaluate the health of a fetus, instead of risking damage by direct testing.If visible optical copies are already used, move to infrared or ultraviolet copies.- Make images in infrared to detect heat sources, such as diseases in crops, or intruders in a security system.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/26 1/28 1/29 1/36 1/37 1/38 2/13 2/25 2/26 2/28 2/36 2/38 3/36 3/37 3/38 4/14 4/24 4/36 4/37 4/39 5/22 5/24 5/25 5/28 5/32 5/37 5/39 6/4 6/28 7/17/28 7/36 7/37 8/37 9/14 9/24 9/35 10/36 12/2 12/15 12/33 12/39 13/2 13/36 14/2 14/4 14/9 14/15 14/21 15/12 16/28 17/32 17/33 17/38 18/5 18/10 18/25 18/32 18/33 18/3819/10 19/32 21/2 21/10 21/14 21/27 21/32 21/33 22/5 22/14 24/3 24/4 24/5 24/9 24/25 25/2 25/5 25/18 25/24 25/29 26/2 27/21 27/31 28/1 28/2 28/3 28/5 28/6 28/16 28/2228/30 28/37 29/17 29/25 29/30 29/31 29/36 29/38 30/28 30/29 31/28 31/29 32/5 32/17 32/19 32/36 33/17 33/34 33/36 34/33 35/18 36/1 36/2 36/3 36/4 36/7 36/10 36/28 36/29 36/3236/33 37/1 37/3 37/4 37/8 37/18 37/28 37/34 38/1 38/2 38/17 38/28 38/29 38/32 38/39 39/1 39/4 39/5 39/18 39/38

TRIZ 40 Principles http://triz40.com/aff_Principles.htm

6 of 9 10/3/11 10:26 AM

27. Cheap short-living objectsReplace an inexpensive object with a multiple of inexpensive objects, comprising certain qualities (such as service life, for instance).- Use disposable paper objects to avoid the cost of cleaning and storing durable objects. Plastic cups in motels, disposable diapers, manykinds of medical supplies.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/14 1/27 1/28 1/30 1/32 1/34 2/14 2/16 2/34 4/32 6/30 7/30 8/30 9/27 9/34 9/37 10/14 11/15 11/31 13/15 13/18 13/20 13/21 13/25 13/31 14/2 14/15 14/26 14/28 14/2914/34 14/37 15/11 15/14 15/23 15/29 15/32 15/33 15/34 16/2 16/23 16/27 17/32 17/33 17/35 17/37 18/13 19/27 19/30 19/36 20/2 20/13 20/23 21/2 21/23 22/23 23/15 23/16 23/20 23/2123/22 23/34 24/33 26/2 26/32 26/36 26/37 26/39 27/16 27/19 27/30 27/33 27/37 27/38 28/22 28/36 29/2 29/14 29/15 30/1 30/6 30/8 30/19 30/27 31/11 31/13 31/37 32/2 32/4 32/1232/15 32/17 32/18 32/19 32/21 32/36 33/17 33/24 33/27 34/1 34/2 34/15 34/23 35/17 35/38 36/19 36/26 36/32 36/33 37/1 37/12 37/14 37/17 37/24 37/26 37/27 38/21 38/27 38/35 38/3739/2 39/37

28 Mechanics substitutionReplace a mechanical means with a sensory (optical, acoustic, taste or smell) means.- Replace a physical fence to confine a dog or cat with an acoustic *fence* (signal audible to the animal).- Use a bad smelling compound in natural gas to alert users to leakage, instead of a mechanical or electrical sensor.Use electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields to interact with the object.- To mix 2 powders, electrostatically charge one positive and the other negative. Either use fields to direct them, or mix them mechanicallyand let their acquired fields cause the grains of powder to pair up.Change from static to movable fields, from unstructured fields to those having structure.- Early communications used omnidirectional broadcasting. We now use antennas with very detailed structure of the pattern of radiation.Use fields in conjunction with field-activated (e.g. ferromagnetic) particles.- Heat a substance containing ferromagnetic material by using varying magnetic field. When the temperature exceeds the Curie point, thematerial becomes paramagnetic, and no longer absorbs heat.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/7 1/14 1/25 1/28 1/29 1/32 1/34 1/37 2/14 2/17 2/20 2/22 2/27 2/28 2/32 2/34 2/37 2/39 3/28 3/29 3/34 3/39 4/2 4/10 4/14 4/22 4/23 4/27 4/28 5/115/28 5/30 5/38 6/28 7/13 7/28 7/29 8/13 9/1 9/10 9/13 9/17 9/23 9/27 9/28 9/29 9/30 9/33 9/34 9/36 10/2 10/4 10/9 10/29 10/33 10/39 11/5 11/28 12/28 12/3212/36 13/3 13/7 13/8 13/9 14/4 14/6 14/21 14/23 14/25 14/36 15/12 15/19 15/23 15/25 15/30 16/25 17/9 17/25 17/39 18/32 18/33 19/1 19/3 19/15 19/32 19/34 19/36 19/39 20/2321/14 21/23 21/38 21/39 22/1 22/39 23/4 23/9 23/14 23/15 23/20 23/21 23/28 23/33 23/36 23/39 24/25 24/26 24/27 25/14 25/15 25/16 25/24 25/28 25/29 25/32 25/33 25/35 25/37 25/3826/9 26/24 26/27 26/28 27/2 27/4 27/9 27/10 27/14 27/24 27/26 27/37 28/1 28/2 28/3 28/4 28/5 28/6 28/9 28/11 28/12 28/14 28/15 28/17 28/23 28/25 28/30 28/37 28/38 28/3929/1 29/2 29/3 29/5 29/9 29/10 29/25 29/30 29/38 30/5 30/9 30/15 30/28 30/29 30/33 31/9 31/10 32/1 32/12 32/18 32/19 32/25 32/37 32/38 32/39 33/10 33/12 33/14 33/23 33/2533/30 33/39 34/3 34/15 34/19 34/26 35/25 35/36 35/39 36/9 36/12 36/14 36/15 36/19 36/23 36/35 36/37 36/39 37/1 37/2 37/10 37/14 37/25 37/27 37/28 37/30 37/32 37/36 38/1 38/238/3 38/9 38/21 38/22 38/25 38/28 38/29 39/2 39/3 39/10 39/14 39/17 39/22 39/23 39/28 39/32 39/33 39/35 39/36

29. Pneumatics and hydraulicsUse gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (e.g. inflatable, filled with liquids, air cushion, hydrostatic, hydro-reactive).- Comfortable shoe sole inserts filled with gel- Store energy from decelerating a vehicle in a hydraulic system, then use the stored energy to accelerate later.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/3 1/5 1/7 1/17 1/35 1/37 2/4 2/11 2/12 2/35 3/1 3/12 3/14 3/23 3/25 3/26 3/27 3/29 3/32 3/33 3/39 4/2 4/25 4/27 5/1 5/9 5/12 5/26 5/27 6/297/1 7/9 7/12 7/26 7/32 7/35 7/37 9/5 9/7 9/26 10/26 10/29 11/2 12/1 12/3 12/23 12/35 12/36 13/20 14/5 14/25 14/26 14/39 15/34 15/36 15/37 17/23 19/12 19/36 20/1321/12 22/39 23/3 23/7 23/12 23/27 23/31 25/3 25/14 25/17 25/36 26/3 26/5 26/7 26/9 26/19 26/30 26/32 26/33 26/35 26/37 26/39 27/4 27/23 27/39 29/3 29/5 29/6 30/26 30/3630/37 31/24 32/1 32/3 32/7 33/12 33/15 34/15 35/2 35/3 35/5 35/7 35/19 35/21 35/36 36/12 36/19 36/23 36/25 36/30 36/35 37/7 37/15 37/26 37/30 37/32 39/14 39/22

30. Flexible shells and thin filmsUse flexible shells and thin films instead of three dimensional structures- Use inflatable (thin film) structures as winter covers on tennis courts.Isolate the object from the external environment using flexible shells and thin films.- Float a film of bipolar material (one end hydrophilic, one end hydrophobic) on a reservoir to limit evaporation.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/36 2/6 2/23 4/25 4/39 5/9 5/10 5/22 5/24 5/26 5/35 5/38 6/2 6/16 6/22 6/24 6/37 7/26 7/33 8/21 8/31 9/5 9/17 12/14 12/29 13/23 13/30 13/33 13/35 14/1214/17 15/7 17/9 17/14 17/18 17/26 18/12 19/32 21/8 21/36 22/5 22/6 23/7 23/13 23/30 24/5 24/6 25/4 25/27 25/38 26/29 27/25 29/12 29/13 29/26 30/13 31/8 33/13 35/5 35/1336/1 36/21 37/6 37/10 37/13 38/25 39/4

The 40 TRIZ Principles are brought to you by TRIZ40

31. Porous materialsMake an object porous or add porous elements (inserts, coatings, etc.).- Drill holes in a structure to reduce the weight.If an object is already porous, use the pores to introduce a useful substance or function.- Use a porous metal mesh to wick excess solder away from a joint.- Store hydrogen in the pores of a palladium sponge. (Fuel *tank* for the hydrogen car--much safer than storing hydrogen gas)This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/15 1/19 1/21 1/23 1/26 1/31 8/36 13/21 14/23 15/1 16/26 17/23 17/37 19/1 20/23 20/26 21/1 21/13 21/27 21/30 23/5 23/6 23/8 23/14 23/17 23/20 23/22 23/28 23/29 26/126/16 26/20 26/30 27/21 28/23 29/23 30/21 30/26 30/35 31/15 31/36 33/8 34/4 35/30 35/32 37/8 39/5

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32. Color changesChange the color of an object or its external environment.- Use safe lights in a photographic darkroom.Change the transparency of an object or its external environment.- Use photolithography to change transparent material to a solid mask for semiconductor processing. Similarly, change mask materialfrom transparent to opaque for silk screen processing.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/18 1/37 2/17 2/18 2/33 3/18 3/28 4/28 4/29 5/18 5/19 5/21 5/28 5/29 6/21 6/27 6/28 8/25 9/28 9/29 9/33 12/17 12/18 12/28 12/29 12/32 12/33 12/38 13/17 13/1813/21 13/26 13/33 14/32 14/33 14/35 17/2 17/12 17/13 17/18 17/28 18/1 18/2 18/3 18/5 18/12 18/13 18/17 18/19 18/20 18/21 18/28 18/29 18/31 18/36 18/37 19/28 19/38 20/18 21/621/13 21/28 21/29 22/18 22/25 22/28 22/33 23/2 23/33 24/9 24/25 24/32 25/8 25/22 25/24 25/28 25/34 25/37 26/34 27/6 27/18 27/28 27/29 28/1 28/4 28/5 28/6 28/7 28/9 28/1028/11 28/12 28/13 28/14 28/15 28/18 28/19 28/21 28/22 28/25 28/26 28/34 28/37 28/39 29/1 29/4 29/5 29/7 29/9 29/12 29/18 29/19 29/21 29/22 29/25 29/26 29/27 29/33 29/39 30/1831/18 32/14 32/24 33/11 33/13 33/14 33/23 33/29 33/34 33/36 34/5 34/21 34/22 34/25 34/39 35/14 35/30 36/29 37/11 37/25 37/28 38/12 38/18 38/19 38/27 39/29 39/34

33. HomogeneityMake objects interacting with a given object of the same material (or material with identical properties).- Make the container out of the same material as the contents, to reduce chemical reactions.- Make a diamond cutting tool out of diamonds.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:5/30 9/13 11/13 11/31 12/13 13/9 15/30 16/30 17/30 23/30 23/32 24/37 26/29 26/30 28/31 29/5 30/5 30/15 30/16 30/17 30/23 30/26 30/28 30/38 31/11 31/15 31/28 32/23 37/24 38/2438/30

34. Discarding and recoveringMake portions of an object that have fulfilled their functions go away (discard by dissolving, evaporating, etc.) or modify these directlyduring operation.- Use a dissolving capsule for medicine.- Sprinkle water on cornstarch-based packaging and watch it reduce its volume by more than 1000X!- Ice structures: use water ice or carbon dioxide (dry ice) to make a template for a rammed earth structure, such as a temporary dam. Fillwith earth, then, let the ice melt or sublime to leave the final structure.Conversely, restore consumable parts of an object directly in operation.- Self-sharpening lawn mower blades- Automobile engines that give themselves a *tune up* while running (the ones that say *100,000 miles between tune ups*)This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/3 1/5 1/15 1/19 1/22 1/36 3/1 3/13 3/14 5/9 5/12 5/39 7/9 7/17 7/23 7/25 7/38 7/39 8/13 8/16 8/23 8/30 9/5 9/7 9/12 9/34 9/36 9/37 10/12 12/312/5 12/9 12/11 12/19 12/25 12/39 13/8 13/35 14/5 15/1 16/8 16/27 16/37 17/7 19/26 21/26 21/32 21/34 21/35 21/36 21/39 23/28 23/31 23/32 23/34 25/7 25/12 25/28 25/30 25/3225/33 26/9 26/14 26/19 27/16 28/25 28/33 28/36 28/38 28/39 29/10 29/31 30/8 30/25 30/38 31/23 31/29 32/23 32/25 33/9 33/12 33/21 33/25 33/28 33/35 33/38 34/9 34/23 34/38 35/3335/38 36/1 36/7 36/9 36/21 36/28 37/16 37/38 38/28 38/33 38/37 39/5 39/7 39/12 39/28

35. Parameter changesChange an object's physical state (e.g. to a gas, liquid, or solid.)- Freeze the liquid centers of filled candies, then dip in melted chocolate, instead of handling the messy, gooey, hot liquid.- Transport oxygen or nitrogen or petroleum gas as a liquid, instead of a gas, to reduce volume.Change the concentration or consistency.- Liquid hand soap is concentrated and more viscous than bar soap at the point of use, making it easier to dispense in the correct amountand more sanitary when shared by several people.Change the degree of flexibility.- Use adjustable dampers to reduce the noise of parts falling into a container by restricting the motion of the walls of the container.- Vulcanize rubber to change its flexibility and durability.Change the temperature.- Raise the temperature above the Curie point to change a ferromagnetic substance to a paramagnetic substance.- Raise the temperature of food to cook it. (Changes taste, aroma, texture, chemical properties, etc.)- Lower the temperature of medical specimens to preserve them for later analysis.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/12 1/13 1/15 1/19 1/23 1/24 1/25 1/28 1/29 1/31 1/33 1/38 1/39 2/4 2/6 2/8 2/10 2/18 2/24 2/25 2/29 2/31 2/38 2/39 3/7 3/11 3/14 3/19 3/21 3/223/26 3/33 3/37 4/2 4/8 4/11 4/13 4/16 4/17 4/23 4/35 5/10 5/23 6/10 6/17 6/25 6/27 6/30 6/37 7/3 7/10 7/11 7/15 7/19 7/21 7/30 7/38 8/2 8/4 8/118/12 8/13 8/16 8/17 8/23 8/25 8/26 8/27 8/29 8/31 8/32 8/39 9/12 9/15 9/19 9/21 9/22 9/27 9/30 9/31 9/32 10/12 10/13 10/14 10/17 10/21 10/23 10/27 10/28 10/3010/36 10/38 10/39 11/3 11/4 11/7 11/8 11/9 11/10 11/12 11/13 11/17 11/21 11/27 11/29 11/32 11/35 11/36 11/38 11/39 12/8 12/9 12/10 12/23 12/30 12/31 13/1 13/8 13/10 13/1113/15 13/16 13/17 13/21 13/25 13/26 13/30 13/31 13/32 13/33 13/34 13/35 13/36 13/37 13/38 13/39 14/3 14/12 14/13 14/18 14/19 14/20 14/21 14/22 14/23 14/30 14/31 14/39 15/9 15/1315/17 15/18 15/19 15/21 15/26 15/35 15/37 15/39 16/4 16/8 16/13 16/26 16/32 16/37 17/2 17/5 17/6 17/8 17/10 17/11 17/13 17/22 17/25 17/27 17/30 17/31 17/37 17/39 18/2 18/1418/17 18/20 18/31 18/32 19/7 19/9 19/9 19/14 19/15 19/23 19/25 19/30 19/31 19/33 19/37 19/39 20/14 20/18 20/26 20/37 21/3 21/7 21/9 21/10 21/11 21/13 21/15 21/22 21/25 21/3121/33 21/34 21/37 21/39 22/9 22/23 22/27 22/30 22/31 22/33 22/37 22/39 23/1 23/2 23/5 23/12 23/14 23/19 23/22 23/25 23/27 23/29 23/34 23/36 23/37 23/38 23/39 24/1 24/2 24/2624/37 24/38 25/1 25/6 25/8 25/13 25/17 25/19 25/21 25/23 25/26 25/30 25/31 25/32 25/35 25/38 26/1 26/2 26/3 26/9 26/10 26/12 26/14 26/15 26/16 26/20 26/21 26/24 26/25 26/3026/31 26/32 26/33 26/38 27/6 27/8 27/9 27/11 27/12 27/15 27/17 27/22 27/23 27/30 27/31 27/35 27/36 27/39 28/1 28/2 28/13 28/32 28/35 28/36 29/2 29/8 29/11 29/23 29/33 30/630/7 30/9 30/10 30/12 30/13 30/14 30/17 30/22 30/25 30/26 30/32 30/34 30/35 30/39 31/2 31/8 31/9 31/10 31/12 31/13 31/14 31/17 31/19 31/21 31/22 31/39 32/8 32/9 32/10 32/1132/16 32/22 32/25 32/26 32/28 32/34 32/39 33/7 33/10 33/13 33/21 33/26 33/29 34/1 34/2 34/7 34/13 34/23 34/30 34/32 34/36 34/38 35/3 35/4 35/5 35/7 35/9 35/11 35/13 35/1435/15 35/17 35/19 35/25 35/26 35/27 35/28 35/30 35/38 35/39 36/2 36/11 36/22 36/23 36/27 37/9 37/11 37/16 37/17 37/19 37/20 37/22 37/24 37/39 38/1 38/2 38/7 38/10 38/11 38/2338/24 38/25 38/26 38/34 38/35 38/39 39/1 39/6 39/8 39/13 39/15 39/17 39/19 39/21 39/22 39/23 39/26 39/27 39/30 39/31 39/32 39/35 39/37 39/38

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36. Phase transitionsUse phenomena occurring during phase transitions (e.g. volume changes, loss or absorption of heat, etc.).- Water expands when frozen, unlike most other liquids. Hannibal is reputed to have used this when marching on Rome a few thousandyears ago. Large rocks blocked passages in the Alps. He poured water on them at night. The overnight cold froze the water, and theexpansion split the rocks into small pieces which could be pushed aside.- Heat pumps use the heat of vaporization and heat of condensation of a closed thermodynamic cycle to do useful work.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/11 1/21 1/32 1/36 5/11 5/37 6/10 6/11 6/29 6/36 7/10 7/11 7/23 9/17 10/3 10/6 10/8 10/20 10/25 10/26 10/29 10/31 10/37 11/1 11/3 11/5 11/6 11/9 11/10 11/2211/23 11/25 11/26 11/37 12/26 16/17 17/1 17/9 17/16 17/23 20/10 20/27 21/1 21/10 22/10 23/7 23/11 23/17 25/10 25/11 26/11 27/20 29/6 29/10 29/30 32/2 36/1 36/6 37/11 39/10

37. Thermal expansionUse thermal expansion (or contraction) of materials.- Fit a tight joint together by cooling the inner part to contract, heating the outer part to expand, putting the joint together, and returning toequilibrium.If thermal expansion is being used, use multiple materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion.- The basic leaf spring thermostat: (2 metals with different coefficients of expansion are linked so that it bends one way when warmer thannominal and the opposite way when cooler.)This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/10 1/11 1/39 2/30 3/29 4/13 6/11 7/10 7/11 8/10 8/39 10/1 10/6 10/7 10/8 10/20 10/21 10/25 10/29 10/32 10/37 10/39 11/1 11/6 11/19 11/23 11/25 11/30 11/37 11/3912/10 13/4 14/30 19/21 20/10 20/30 21/3 21/19 22/23 23/11 25/1 25/10 25/11 29/3 30/7 30/11 30/14 30/20 32/11 35/12 35/36 35/39 36/35 36/37 37/11 37/36 39/1 39/8 39/11 39/35

38. Strong oxidantsReplace common air with oxygen-enriched air.- Scuba diving with Nitrox or other non-air mixtures for extended enduranceReplace enriched air with pure oxygen.- Cut at a higher temperature using an oxy-acetylene torch.- Treat wounds in a high pressure oxygen environment to kill anaerobic bacteria and aid healing.Expose air or oxygen to ionizing radiation.- No specific exampleUse ionized oxygen.- Ionize air to trap pollutants in an air cleaner.Replace ozonized (or ionized) oxygen with ozone.- Speed up chemical reactions by ionizing the gas before use.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/5 1/9 1/17 4/17 6/13 6/17 7/9 8/16 9/1 9/11 9/19 9/21 9/23 9/26 15/21 16/8 16/23 16/39 17/1 17/6 17/22 19/25 19/37 21/1 21/5 21/6 21/7 21/15 21/22 21/2322/4 22/9 22/10 22/17 22/21 23/9 23/16 23/21 25/19 25/26 26/25 27/39 37/19 39/3 39/16 39/19 39/26 39/27

39. Inert atmosphereReplace a normal environment with an inert one.- Prevent degradation of a hot metal filament by using an argon atmosphere.Add neutral parts, or inert additives to an object.- Increase the volume of powdered detergent by adding inert ingredients. This makes it easier to measure with conventional tools.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/13 1/31 2/13 2/31 2/36 3/22 4/13 5/13 5/23 5/31 6/4 6/17 6/23 6/30 7/13 7/17 7/23 8/23 8/30 11/17 12/37 13/1 13/2 13/6 13/7 13/16 13/22 13/31 13/37 15/1715/31 15/37 16/13 17/5 17/7 17/11 17/15 17/26 18/31 22/13 23/3 23/6 23/8 23/17 23/27 25/23 25/31 26/17 26/31 27/23 28/31 29/39 30/1 30/3 30/6 30/8 30/10 30/33 31/1 31/231/5 31/13 31/16 31/18 31/26 31/27 31/39 33/6 33/8 33/30 36/2 37/6 37/12 37/13 37/15 39/13 39/31

40. Composite materialsChange from uniform to composite (multiple) materials.- Composite epoxy resin/carbon fiber golf club shafts are lighter, stronger, and more flexible than metal. Same for airplane parts.- Fiberglass surfboards are lighter and more controllable and easier to form into a variety of shapes than wooden ones.This principle is proposed to solve the following contradictions:1/7 1/11 1/12 1/14 2/13 3/27 4/2 4/6 5/14 6/14 6/26 6/27 6/31 6/32 7/1 7/27 7/31 7/32 8/13 9/11 10/12 10/23 10/30 11/1 11/13 11/14 12/1 12/10 12/14 12/2712/29 13/2 13/8 13/11 13/23 13/31 13/39 14/1 14/2 14/5 14/6 14/11 14/12 14/17 14/23 14/33 14/37 15/26 15/29 16/4 16/17 16/27 16/30 17/7 17/14 17/16 21/12 23/1 23/10 23/1323/14 23/30 26/6 26/13 26/15 26/27 26/31 27/1 27/6 27/16 27/26 27/30 27/31 27/33 27/37 29/12 29/15 30/16 30/23 30/27 30/36 30/37 31/6 31/7 31/10 31/13 31/27 32/6 32/7 33/1433/27 36/30 37/10 37/27 39/12

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