Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
47
Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case Arjen de Wit and René Bekkers Center for Philanthropic Studies VU University Amsterdam ARNOVA 2012 Annual Conference November 15, Indianapolis
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Presentation at ARNOVA Conference. Indianapolis (USA), November 15, 2012.
Transcript of Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
Explaining Gender Differences in Charitable Giving: the Dutch Case
Arjen de Wit and René BekkersCenter for Philanthropic Studies
VU University Amsterdam
ARNOVA 2012 Annual ConferenceNovember 15, Indianapolis
Gender Differences in Giving
• Gender and charitable giving: mixed results• No gender differences?• Men give higher amounts?• Recent studies in US/UK: women more likely
to give and give higher amounts• How about the Netherlands?
Different Context: the Netherlands
Different Context: the Netherlands
Different Context: the Netherlands
• Relatively high number of women in labor force
• Relatively high number of part-time workers• Relatively extensive social programs
Gender Differences: Why?
• Values• Costs• Solicitation• Reputation
Gender Differences: Why?
Data
• Giving in the Netherlands Panel Study (GINPS) 2010
• N = 1,692• Households, both couples and singles
% donating50
60
70
80
90
10093
89
FemalesMales
The Dutch Case: More Women Give…
*
...More Frequently…
No. of donations in 20090
2
4
6
8
10
1210,7
8,1
FemalesMales
*
…But Lower Amounts In Total...
Total amount donated in 20090
50
100
150
200
250
300
216,42
264,14
FemalesMales
*
(donors only)
…And Lower Amounts Per Donation.
Amount donated per donation act0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
7,81
13,11
FemalesMales
(donors only)
*
Why Do More Women Give?
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
Why Do More Women Give?
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
*
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
Why Do More Women Give?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation1
1,2
1,4
1,6
1,8
*
Odds ratios of donating for females vs. males in different models
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
**
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donating
Why Do Women Give More Frequently?
OLS regression coefficients of female on frequency of donatingFemale Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
*
** *
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
*
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
**
*
Why Do Men Give Higher Amounts?
OLS regression coefficients of female on total amount donated Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
*
*
** *
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
*
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Why Do Men Give More Per Donation?
Female Values Costs Solicitation Reputation-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
* * *
OLS regression coefficients of female on amount per donation act
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this.
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this..
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this...
Conclusions
• Prosocial motives fully explain why women are more likely to give
• Men give higher amounts, especially when prosocial motives are taken into account
• Costs can explain this... partly
Conclusions
