Expert Group Meetingon

Strengthening the capacity of ESCAP member Statesto

Harmonize Standards on Weights, Dimensions and

Emissions of Road Vehicles for facilitation of

Transport along the Asian Highway Network

atTbilisi, Georgia 23-24 January 2019

By

Paresh Kumar Goel, Director (Transport)

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi, India Contact: +919560022730, E-mail: paresh.goel89@gov.in

Sequence of Presentation

• Requirement of Harmonisation of Standards

• Indian Automotive Industry

• Regulatory Structure

• Motor Vehicle Categories

• Emission standards

• Alternate Fuels

• Permissible Axle Load

• Permissible Vehicle Dimensions

• Conclusion

Harmonisation of standards

• 32 member countries greatly differ in economic levels and

environmental conditions

• Different National Standards in design and construction of Road

Infrastructure

• Different Standards in Vehicle permissible weight, dimensions and

emissions

• Overload/oversized foreign vehicles can cause serious damage to

transport infrastructure such as roads/Bridges

• due to non compatibility with design of road network e.g. tunnel

height, width and road curve radii

Source-Preliminary Draft Report for EGM

Harmonisation of standards

• Divergent national weight standards create

o Inefficiency across the logistics chain

o Transport operators load their vehicle-suboptimally

o Perform more trips for the same volume of goods

o Financial burden on carriers

o Delays in goods delivery

o Lower efficiency, economic loss

o Negative impact on environment

Harmonisation of standards

• Harmonisation of standards will enhance

• efficiency,

• effectiveness of intra-regional transport connectivity,

• logistics linkages ensuring the smooth operations of the Asian

Highway Network as well as the Eurasian Transport Corridors

connecting Asia and Europe

ABOUT INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

• The Largest Tractor producer

• The Second largest Two wheeler producer

• The Second largest Bus producer

• The Eight largest CV producer

• The Ninth Largest Car producer

• Major producer of automotive components

Motor Vehicle Act and Rules Making in India

• Ministry of Road Transport and Highways: apex body toformulate act and rules.

• Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 amended time to timeprovides guideline and power to make rules.

• Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 amended time to timeprovides rules and regulation for drivers, vehicles and roadusers.

• Central Government makes the acts, rules and schemes andstate government responsible for enforcement.

• Indian Transport Department has the linkages with UnitedNations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) through1998 agreement.

Institutional structure for automotive regulations

• MVA can be amended by Parliament and CMVR by the MoRTH

through G.S.R (General Statutory Rules ) and S.O ( Statutory Order )

• Safety standards and emission norms are recommended for

introduction by Central Motor Vehicles Rules-Technical Standing

Committee (CMVR-TSC) and Standing Committee on Implementation

of Emission Legislation (SCOE)

• Safety standards are prepared by Automotive Industry Standards

Committee and Bureau of Indian Standards

Automotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC)

• AISC – a committee set up by MoRT&H

• Standards in AISC are prepared by separate Panel comprising of

representatives of various stakeholder associations.

• AISC formulates AIS after considering various aspects like the status of

technology, time frame required for implementation, necessity of a particular

regulation in relation to the safety and emission, etc.

• Finalised draft is hosted on AISC website for wide circulation

• Standards prepared by AISC are submitted to CMVR-TSC for approval.

Central Motor Vehicle Rule- Technical Standing Committee

(CMVR-TSC)

• Joint Secretary, MoRTH is Chairman, CMVR-TSC

• CMVR-TSC comprises representatives

▪ Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises

▪ Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)

▪ Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA)

▪ Selected State Governments

▪ Testing agencies

▪ SIAM

▪ Domain Experts

▪ User groups – invitees

• CMVR-TSC adopts finalised standards and recommends implementations

• Standards notified

• Indian standards issued by BIS also notified under CMVR

• GSR – first draft notification issued- : 45-60 days given for comments

• Approval of the Secretary (MoRTH) and the Minister

• Final notification is issued

Standing Committee on Implementation of

Emission Legislation (SCOE)

• Joint Secretary, MoRT&H is Chairman, SCOE

• SCOE comprises representatives of :• Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change

(MoEF&CC)

• Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG)

• Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (MoHI&PE)

• Testing Agencies

• SIAM

• Domain Experts

13

Standing Committee on Implementation of

Emission Legislation (SCOE)

• Currently dual norms – one set of norms for 13 major cities andanother for rest of the country- necessitated on account ofpollution levels and availability of requisite fuel

• Emission norms issued through gazette notification- draftnotification issued first and thereafter final notification is issuedafter due consideration of comments received, approval of theSecretary (MoRTH) and the Minister.

14

Type Approval Procedure in India

• Every manufacturer of motor vehicles other than trailers andsemi-trailers submit the prototype of the vehicle to bemanufactured for test by a test agency under Rule 126 ofCentral Motor vehicles Rules 1989 for granting a certificateby that agency in compliance of provisions of the Act andRules.

• This is mandatory since April 1st, 1991.

15

Type Approval Procedure in India• Six Testing agencies currently authorised

o Automotive Research Association Of India, Pune,

o Vehicle Research & Development Establishment, Ahmednagar,

o Central Farm Machinery Testing and Training Institute, Budni,

o Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun,

o Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune and

o International centre for Automotive Technology, Manesar

• The process of the type approval generally takes about threemonths.

• The same procedure is applicable to imported vehicles andcomponents also.

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways(MoRTH)

(Motor Vehicles Act & Central Motor Vehicles

Rules)

INITIAL DOCUMENTATION

SUBMISSION TO APPROVING AGENCY

WORST CASE REVIEW / DOCS

DISCUSSION WITH APPROVING

AGENCY

VEHICLE TESTS / COMPONENT TESTS

FINAL

DOCUMENTATION

TEST REPORT GENERATION BY

APPROVING AGENCY

RELEASE OF CERTIFICATION

Type Approval of Motor Vehicles:Process

17

In –Use vehicles• All in-use vehicles have to undergo a mandatory

Pollution check once in six months.

• All transport vehicles have to undergo a once in two

years fitness check and more than 8 years old vehicle

would undergo fitness every year.

• The new vehicles need not necessarily have fitness

certificate at once but have to take it after two years

of registration.

Motor Vehicle Act and Rules in India…Rules 91 to 127 mandated in Chapter V of the Central

Motor Vehicle Rule Deals with the

• Construction of motor vehicles and equipment

• Safety provisions in motor vehicle

• Passengers safety

• Safety of pedestrians

• Safety of vulnerable road users

• Exhaust emissions

• Noise pollution and reduction

Motor Vehicle Categories in India

Category Details

L L1 - Two Wheelers(a Motor /cycle, max speed ≤ 70km/hr, engine capacity ≤

50 cc or 4 kw)

L2 - Two Wheelers

L5 - Three Wheelers

L7 - Quadricycle

M Passenger Vehicles

M1: Passenger Cars

(not more than 8 seats in addition to driver’s seat)

M2: Smaller Buses

(9 or more seats in addition to driver’s seat, GVW ≤ 5T)

M3: Standard Buses

(9 or more seats in addition to driver’s seat, GVW > 5T)

Motor Vehicle Categories in India

Category Details

N Goods Carrier

N1: Smaller Trucks (GVW ≤ 3.5T)

N2: Medium Trucks (GVW >3.5 T but ≤ 12T)

N3: Regular Trucks (GVW > 12T)

A Agriculture Tractors, Harvester, Power Tiller

T Trailers

C Construction Equipment Vehicles

Special Category E-cart and E- rickshaw

Special Category Hydraulic Trailers

Leap Frogging from BSIV to BSVI

Evolution of Emission Standards

BS IV Emission Standards: The current emission standards• BS IV is the fourth emission standard launched to keep a check

on air pollutants.Emission norms was first implemented in 13 major cities of India from April 2010.

• BS IV fuel finally covered the entire country in April 2017.

Challenges• Rolling out of standard faced a lot of challenges.

• Delay owing to the deficiency of BS IV fuel.

• fuel producers made hefty investments to supply this fuel all over the country.

• Exemption provided to manufacturers of specialty vehicles like taxis.

India to leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI by 2020• Indian government decided to jump on to the BS VI emission

standards on April 1st, 2020, directly from the BS IV emission standards, skipping the BS V.

• Applicability to all new vehicles manufactured after April 1st, 2020.

• Earlier, the rolling out of BS VI norms was scheduled in 2021.

• the government decided to prepone its implementation due to rising air pollution. No other country has taken such decision.

• fuel retailers in the national capital to begin the supply of BS VI fuels from 01st April 2018.

Challenges• Using BS VI fuels in vehicles fitted with BS III or BS-IV engines

will only deliver the partial benefit of the BS VI fuel.

• Automobile industries in manufacturing vehicles compliant with BS VI fuel.

Emission Norms in India

BS IV

13

statesBS V BS VI

Apr 1, 2010 Apr 1, 2017 Leapfrogging

BS IV

+

OBD

BS IV

country

level

Apr 1, 2013

* For other categories– CMVR,1989 to bereferred

N* category(GVW>3500 kg) – CI

Item Unit BS IV BS VI

CO g/km 4.0 4.0

THC g/km - 0.16

NMHC g/km 0.55 -

NOx g/km 3.5 0.46

NH3 ppm - 0.01

PM g/km 0.03 0.01

PN Numbers/km - 6X1011

Test CycleEuropean

Stationary Cycle (ESC)

World Harmonized

Transient Cycle (WHTC)

NOx reduction 86 %

PM reduction 66 %

Apr 1, 2020

BSVI- Overview for 4W

4W Emission Norms Diesel

Year CO g/km

HC + NOxg/km

HCg/km

NOxg/km

PMg/km

PNg/km

1991 14.3 4.7 -- -- -- --

2010 0.5 0.3 -- 0.25 0.035 --

2020 0.5 0.17 -- .08 0.0045 6.0X1011

1/29 times

1/28 times

1/31 times

BSVI- Overview for 4W

4W Emission Norms SI vehicle Year CO g/km

HC + NOxg/km

HCg/km

NOxg/km

PMg/km

PN (GDI)Numbers/km

1991 14.3 -- 2.0 -- -- --

2010 1.0 - 0.10 0.08 -- --

2020 1.0 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.0045 6.0X1011

1/14 times

1/19 times

BSVI- Overview for 4W-HDV

4W-HDV Emission Norms steady state cycle

1/9 times

1/45 times

1/36 times

Year COg/kWh

HCg/kWh

NOxg/kWh

PMg/kWh

PNNumbers/kW

h

1991 14 3.5 18 -- --

2010 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 --

2020 1.5 0.13 0.40 0.01 8.0X1011

BSVI- Overview for 4W-HDV

4W-HDV Emission Norms Transient cycle

Year COg/kW

h

HCg/kWh

NOxg/kWh

PMg/kWh

PNNumbers/k

Wh

2005 5.45 0.78 5.0 0.16 --

2010 4.0 0.46 3.5 0.03 --

2020 1.5 0.13 0.46 0.01 6.0X1011

1/1.5 times

1/12 times

1/10 times

Limiting factors: Dimensions of Vehicles

Standards on Length and width

Size of road infrastructure

Road geometry

Need to ensure road safety

Standards on Height

Design of tunnel and underpass

Standards on Weight

Direct impact on pavement and road structures

Maximum Safe Axle Weight

Sl.

No.

Axle Type Maximum Safe

Axle Weight

1. Single Axle

1.1 Single Axle with single Tyre 3.0 tons

1.2 Single Axle with two Tyres 7.0 tons

1.3 Single Axle with four Tyres 11.5 tons

2. Tandem Axles (Two axles) (where the distance between

two axles is less than 1.8 mtr.)

21.0 Tons

2.1 Tandem axle for rigid vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 21 tons

2.2 Tandem axle for Puller tractors for hydraulic and

pneumatic trailers

28.5 tons

3. Tri–axles (Three axles) (where the distance between

outer axles is less than 3 mtr.)

3.1 Tri-axle for rigid vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 27 tons

4. Axle Row (two axles with four tyres each) in Modular

Hydraulic trailers

(9 tonnes load shall be permissible for single axle)

18 tons

Note: If the vehicle is fitted with pneumatic suspension, 1 ton extra load is permitted for each axle

Permissible Axle Load in India

Sr No Vehicle Category/Type Width Length Height

1 M1 (Motor Vehicle Non transport) 2.6 6.5 3.8

2 M2.M3, N1,N2,N3 (Two axle) 2.6 12.0 3.8

3 Articulated vehicle (Semi-trailer) 2.6 16.0 3.8

4 Articulated vehicle (Semi-trailer)

(Car Carriers)

2.6 18.75 3.8

5 Truck Trailer or Tractor Trailer 2.6 18.0 4.2

6 Passenger Vehicle Bus 3 Axle (M3) 2.6 15.0 3.8

7 Puller Tractor Three axle or more 2.6 10.0 3.8

8 Modular Hydraulic Trailer 3.0 19.0 (Trailer)

29.0 (with puller)

4.75

9 Single Articulated Bus 2.6 18.0 3.8

10 Single Articulated Bus 2.6 25.0 3.8

11 Quadricycle 1.5 3.0 Passenger

3.7 Goods

2.5

12 E-Rickshaw and E-Cart 1.0 2.8 1.8

13 A (Harvester) 3.3 15.0 4.75

14 C (Construction Equipment) 3.0 12.75

18.0 (>2 axle)

4.75

15 A (Agriculture Tractor) 2.6 6.5 3.8

16 A(Power tiller) 1.5 3.5 2.0

17 Airport Passenger Bus 3.2 15.0 3.8

Motor Vehicle Dimensions in India

ConclusionItem Indian Standards Recommended

Standards

Maximum Width, mm 2,600 2,550

Maximum Height, mm 4,750 4,000

Maximum Length, mm Rigid Truck 12,000 12,000

Articulated

Vehicle

18,750 18,750

Gross Vehicle Weight,

ton

Rigid Vehicle 49.00 32.00

Articulated

Vehicle

55.00 44.00

Maximum Axle Load,

ton

Group Axles 21.00 18**/24***

Single Axle 11.50 10/11.5*

Note: * Powered axle, ** Tandem axle, *** Tridem axle

Motor Vehicle Rule Harmonization

• India is an active member of the process of

harmonisation of Global Technical Regulations (GTR).

• Started contributing as an Observer in WP 29 from

2003.

• Joined 1998 agreement in April 2006.

• India is quite happy that

o GTRs are based on consensus

o GTR takes into account regional issues

Useful links

Notification / Rules / Standards

http://morth.nic.in

BIS – Indian Standards

http://www.bis.gov.in/

MoEF ( Genset Notification /Rules/ Standards)

http://cpcb.nic.in/Generator.php

UNESCAP Draft reports on weights, Dimensions and Emission of

fright road vehicles along the Asian Highways

Thank you