Experiments

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Observational Study – observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. Experiment – deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their response. Treatment – an experimental condition applied to the units.

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Experiments. Observational Study – observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. Experiment – deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their response. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Experiments

Page 1: Experiments

Observational Study – observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses.

Experiment – deliberately imposes some treatment on individuals in order to observe their response.

Treatment – an experimental condition applied to the units.

Page 2: Experiments

Experimental Units – individuals on which the experiment is done.

Subjects – what human experimental units are called.

Page 3: Experiments

Response Variable – measures an outcome of a study. Also referred to as the “y” variable.

Explanatory Variable – attempts to explain the observed outcomes. Also referred to as the “x” variable.

Page 4: Experiments

Lurking Variable – a variable that is not among the explanatory or response variables in a study and yet may influence the interpretation of relationships among these variables.

Confounding – variables are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other. Confounded variables may be explanatory or lurking. Example p. 270.

Page 5: Experiments

Factors – the explanatory variables in an experiment.

Levels (treatments) – different values of each factor.

Example p. 290

Page 6: Experiments

Placebo – a dummy pill or treatment that looks and tastes like the treatment but has no active ingredients.

Placebo Effect – Response to a dummy treatment.

Control Group – the group of patients who receive the placebo. The control group allows us to control the effects of outside variables on the outcome.


1 Chapter 2: Simple Comparative Experiments (SCE) Simple comparative experiments: experiments that compare two conditions (treatments) –The hypothesis.

1 Chapter 2: Simple Comparative Experiments (SCE) Simple comparative experiments: experiments that compare two conditions (treatments) –The hypothesis.

Quasi-Experiments – Outline 1. True Experiments a. Characteristics b. Threats to validity controlled by experiments c. Threats not controlled by experiments.

Quasi-Experiments – Outline 1. True Experiments a. Characteristics b. Threats to validity controlled by experiments c. Threats not controlled by experiments.

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Experiments and Quasi-Experiments

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