EXPERIMENTALLY APPROACHING THE ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF GREEN ROOFING IN...
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EXPERIMENTALLY APPROACHING THE ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF GREEN ROOFING IN MEDITERRANEAN
CLIMATESBy: Giorgia Peri #*, Giancarlo Sorrentino #, Antonio Covais #, Simona Aprile §
Living Together in the Multi-cultural Society, Proceedings of the 2010 EMUNI Research Souk, 14 June 2010
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PALERMODIPARTIMENTO DI RICERCHE ENERGETICHE ED AMBIENTALI
Giorgia Peri PhD Student
# Dipartimento di Ricerche Energetiche ed Ambientali, Palermo.
* Department of Environmental Technology, Technishe Universität, Berlin.
§ Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura. Unità di Ricerca per il Recupero e la Valorizzazione delle Specie Floricole Mediterranee, Bagheria.
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
WALKING AROUND BERLIN
BERLIN, Germany
Germany has been the first country that, since the 1960s, has started to develop green roofs, a technique very well known in the past, launching the modern “trend”.
“Guidelines for the planning, execution and upkeep of Green Roof sites”, published in 1990’s from The Landscaping and Landscape Development Research Society e.V. (Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau e.V. (FLL)) in Germany.
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
Sweden
GREEN ROOFS WORLDWIDE
Austria
Switzerland
USA
UK
France
The Netherlands
Norway
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
GREEN ROOFS: BASIC TECHNOLOGY
The layers involved in a green roof standard
There are many commercially available green roof systems that vary only slightly, butin general all green roof systems utilize the components reported below.
To stop the finest soil particles but to let the water pass.To drain the excess of wateravoiding the soil saturation whichwouldn’t allow the oxygenation ofthe roots.
To collect the particles eventually fallen down from the upper layers.To protect the
waterproofing membrane from the roots.
A water storage layer might be involved in, whose main requirement is to accumulate waterduring the rain precipitation or the irrigations and to give it back when the plants need it.
Water storage layer
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
EXTENSIVE GREEN ROOF INTENSIVE GREEN ROOF
MAINTENANCE Low High
IRRIGATION No Regularly
PLANT COMMUNITIES Moss-Sedum-Herbs and Grasses
Lawn or Perennials, Shrubs and Trees
SYSTEM BUILD-UP HEIGHT
60 - 200 mm 150 - 400 mm on underground garages > 1000 mm
WEIGHT 60 - 150 kg/m2 13 -30 lb/sqft
180 - 500 kg/m2 35 - 100 lb/sqft
COSTS Low High
USE Ecological protection layer
Park as garden
For example
TWO BASIC TYPES OF GREEN ROOFS
Source: www.igra-world.com
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
PRIVATE BUILDING OWNER BENEFITS
- Energy savings
-Roofing membrane life extension
- Sound insulation
- Additional benefits
- Reduction of the urban heat island effect
- Storm water retention
- Air cleaning
- Creation of natural habitat for animals and plants
GREEN ROOFS: A WINNER IDEA
PUBLIC BENEFITS
WEAK POINT OF THE LITERATURE REGARDING GREEN ROOFS
Several researches mainly aiming at demonstrating the potential of green roofs to address environmental issues in an urban setting as well as several models of green roof carried out in last years (Lazzarin, 2005, Palomo Del Barrio, 1998, Alexandri, 2007, Takebayashi, 2007, Sailor, 2008) can be found in literature.
Few research works regarding the performance analysis of green coverings in the Mediterranean area.
The practice of green roofs in fact, has been mainly developed for cold regions, where climatic conditions, and especially the rainfall regime along the course of the year, are favourable to the growth of vegetation.
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
WHO HAS MORE GREEN ROOFS ?
http://www.igra-world.com
Data sources: http://www.greenroofs.com
Countries at EMUNI 2010
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Partners
• Consiglio per la Ricerca e Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (C.R.A.), Bagheria (Palermo)
• Department of Energy and Environmental Researches (DREAM)
University of Palermo
Goals
• Getting data for the thermal performance of green covering systems in
Mediterranean climate.
• Getting data for the type of plants suitable to be utilized for green roofs in
Mediterranean climate.
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Small building quite close to the C.R.A. Institute in Bagheria (Palermo), used as a lab.
Roof total area: 82 m2
12
4
3
5 6
Area of single study-case: 13,5 m2
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
a
a
b
b
c
c
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
ROOF COMPONENT NAME OF THE COMPONENT
Vegetation layer a or b or c
Growing medium AgriTERRAM® TVS (from Perlite Italiana)
Water storage layer Igroperlite (from Perlite Italiana)
Drainage layer Ecodren SD5 (from Perlite Italiana)
Waterproofing membrane Bitumen
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Each “mini green roof” has the layers reported in the table below.
12
4
3
5 6
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
a
a
b
b
c
c
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Each “mini green roof” has the layers reported in the table below.
How does the behaviour of vegetable species change along with the thickness of the water storage layer?
ROOF COMPONENT
NAME OF THE COMPONENT Tickness layer [m]
Vegetation layer a or b or c -
Growing medium
AgriTERRAM® TVS (from Perlite Italiana) 0,15
Water storage layer
Igroperlite (from Perlite Italiana)
Sector 1,2,3 0,10
Sector 4,5,6 0,15
Drainage layerEcodren SD5 (from Perlite Italiana) 0,005
Waterproofing membrane Bitumen
Drainage layerDrainage layer: Ecodren SD5
Geocomposite: geonet heat bonded to a non woven geotextile
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
Green roofing system:
Vegetation layer
Drainage layer
Waterproofing membrane
Growing medium
Water storage layer
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Water storage layerWater storage layer: Igroperlite Agrilit
Pillows made up of an inert soil of expanded perlite Agrilit and covered with a particular calandered not woven geotextile
Green roofing system:
Vegetation layer
Water storage layer
Drainage layer
Waterproofing membrane
Growing medium
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Growing medium: Agriterram TVS
Mix of inorganic inerts, organic components, particular clays and organic fertilizers which are carachterized by slow releasing
Green roofing system:
Vegetation layer
Water storage layer
Drainage layer
Waterproofing membrane
Growing medium
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Vegetation layer: autochthonous and soil cover vegetable species
Green roofing system:
Vegetation layer
Water storage layer
Drainage layer
Waterproofing membrane
Growing medium
a = Rosmarinus officinalis prostratus
b = Halimonione portulacoides
c = Crithum Maritimum
In each sector there is only one of these plants!
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Monitoring System
• Insulated type T (copper constantan) thermocouple wires• pyranometers
Measuring system Acquisition system= +
Thermocouples position into the green roof
4 8-channels thermocouple analog input modules with modbus Adam
4018+ linked to a serial device server Adam 4571
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“AR.CO. VERDE”: RESEARCH PROJECT IN PROGRESS
Sketch of the new laboratory at DREAM (University of
Palermo).
1) measured thermo-physical data of such coverings
2) studied mix of natural materials with mineral ones. They might be employed for the realization of modular sets for green covering of buildings.
In such laboratory will be:
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
By summarizing and new steps
Several researches mainly aiming at demonstrating the potential of green roofs to address environmental issues in an urban setting as well as several models of green roof carried out in last years, can be found in literature.
EU has been starting to consider green roofs as a solution for cooling in Mediterranean area (research project ROOFSOL of EU).
A research project is currently in progress in Italy. It might be useful for getting some data both for the type of plants suitable to be utilized in Mediterranean climate and the thermal behaviour of these green covering in Mediterranean climate.
Few research works regarding the performance analysis of green coverings in the Mediterranean area.
New steps:
- creating a first database of information for Mediterranean climate.
- implementing an industrial prebuilt modular prototype, that could be easily installed in all the roofs of this Mediterranean region.
PhD Giorgia Peri Experimentally approaching the analysis of the thermal performances of green roofing in Mediterranean climates
“Is it not against all logic when the upper surface of a whole town remains unused and reserved exclusively for a dialogue between the tiles and the stars?” Le Corbusier (1920)