EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF CURING CONCRETE USING SODIUM LIGNOSULPHONATE

International Journal of Emerging Technologies and Engineering (IJETE)

Volume 2 Issue 4, April 2015, ISSN 2348 – 8050

74

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF CURING CONCRETE USING

SODIUM LIGNOSULPHONATE

1Riyaz Ahamed. K, M.E, Assistant Professor

2Pradeep Kumar.A, M.PLAN, MBA. Assistant professor 3Durai Priyadarshini,

4Kalaivani.K,

5Kingsta Beautlin.M

1,2,3,4,5Dept. of Civil Engineering, Veltech Engg college

Abstract Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates and water

with or without suitable admixtures. Curing is the process

of maintaining the proper moisture content to promote

optimum cement hydration immediately after placement

and to attain desirable strength and other properties. This

paper reports an experimental study carried out to

investigate the usage of sodium lignosulphonate as self-

curing agent. In this study compressive strength and split

tensile strength of self-curing concrete with varying

percentages(0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%,3%) for 7,14,28

days are analyzed, tested and compared with conventional

concrete of similar mix design. According to IS: 10262-

1982, the mix design is determined for concrete of grade

M20.Compressive and split tensile test results shows that

the optimum strength of self-curing concrete attain at

0.5% mixture of sodium lignosulphonate when compared

to conventional concrete.

Keywords: curing, self-curing concrete, compressive

strength, sodium lignosulphonate, tensile strength,

chemical admixture

1. INTRODUCTION Curing of concrete is for maintaining satisfactory

moisture content in concrete during its early stages in

order to develop the desired properties. However, good

curing is not always practical and often neglected in

many cases. Several investigators asked the questions

whether there will be self-curing concrete. Therefore, the

need to develop self-curing agents attracted several

researchers. The concept of self-curing agent is to reduce

the water evaporation from concrete and hence increase

the water retention capacity of the concrete compared to

conventional concrete. The use view that water resources

are getting valuable every day. The benefit of self-curing

admixtures is more significant in desert areas where water

is inadequately available.

2. OBJECTIVE To improve the effectiveness of the water content of a

concrete mix by using sodium Lignosulphonate.

To determine the characteristics of self-curing

concrete such as compressive and split tensile

strength by adding self-curing agent in varying

percentage.

To compare the strength between conventional and

self-curing concrete.

3. MATERIAL USED 3.1 Cement -Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53

grade.

3.2 Fine aggregate-Locally available river sand. The

percentage of passing is within the limits as per IS: 383-

1970

3.3 Coarse aggregate -Crushed stone was used as

course aggregate .The coarse aggregate according to IS

383-1970 was used. Maximum coarse aggregate size

used is 20mm

3.4 Water -Water used was fresh, colorless, odorless

and tasteless, convenient water that was free from cause

early-age cracking organic matter of any type.

3.5 Sodium lignosulphonate– Sodium Lignosulphonate

are mainly for concrete mixture as water-reducing

additive.

Table 1.1 properties of sodium lignosulphonate

S.NO INDEX STANDARD TEST ITEMS VALUES RESULT

1 Appearance Dark Brown

Meets the

requirement

2 Lignosulpho nate 50% (min) 55

3 Dry matter 92% (min) 94

Moisture contents 7.0% (max) 3.9

5 PH value 7-11 8

6 Inorganic 5.0% (max) 1.9

Salts (Na2So4)

7

Total reducing

matter 4.0% (max) 4.1

8

Water insoluble

matter 2.5% 1.3

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4. METHODOLOGY

Literature Study

Material

Collection

Specimen Test Material Test

1. Compressive

1. Specific

Lab Test

Strength.

Gravity

2. Split Tensile 2. Sieve

strength Analysis

Result Analysis

Conclusion

5. MIX DESIGN MIX PROPORTIONING FOR M20 GRADE

CONCRETE As per IS 10262

Grade destination: M20

Cement: ordinary Portland cement

Coarse aggregate size: 20mm

Test data for materials Specific gravity of cement =3.478

Specific gravity of coarse aggregate =2.645

Specific gravity of fine aggregate =2.636

Sieve analysis:

For Coarse aggregate =Conforming to table 2

(IS: 383-1970)

For Fine aggregate =conforming to grading zone 3 of

Table 4 (I S: 383-1970)

Target mean strength of concrete- The target mean strength for specified characteristic

cube strength is,

20+1.65×4 = 26.6 Mpa (refer Table 11.21 and Table

11.22 (IS 10262) for values of t and s)

Selection of water-cement ratio From fig. 11.10(IS 10262) the water-cement ratio

required for the target mean strength of 26.6Mpa is 0.5.

Selection of water and sand content From table 11.24,(IS 10262) for 20mm maximum size

aggregate, sand conforming to grading zone 2, water

content per cubic metre of concrete = 186kg and sand

content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute

volume = 35 per cent.

For change in value in water-cement ratio,

compacting factor, for sand belonging to zone 3,

following adjustment is required.

TABLE 2: PERCENT ADJUSTMENT (IS 10262)

Change In Percent Percent Condition Adjustment adjustment (Is 10262) Required(Water required

Content) (sand in total aggregate)

For

decrease in 0 -2

water-

cement

ratio by

(0.6-0.5)

that is 0.10.

For

increase in +3 0

compacting

factor (0.9-

0.8), that is

0.10.

For sand

conforming 0 -1.5

to zone-3

of table 4,

IS: 383-

1970.

TOTAL +3 -3.5

Therefore, required sand content as percentage of Total aggregate by absolute

volume

= 35-3.5 = 31.5% Required water content =186+5.58=191.61/m³ Determination of cement

content

Water-cement ratio = 0.50

Water = 191.6 liter

Therefore, cement = 191.6/0.50

= 383

kg/m³




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This cement content is adequate for „mild‟ exposure

condition.(refer table 9.18 from IS 10262)

Determination of coarse and fine aggregate contents From table 11.23(IS 10262), for the specified

maximum size of aggregate of 20mm, the amount

of entrapped air in the wet concrete is 2 per cent.

Taking this into account and applying equations.

V= (w+ (c/sc) + (1/p) (fa/sfa)) × (1/1000)

0.98 = (191.6 + (383/3.478) + (1/0.347) × (fa /2.636))

×(1/1000)

fa = 620 kg/m³

Ca = ((1-p)/p) × fa × (Sca/Sfa)

Ca = ((1-0.347)/0.347 × 620 × (2.645/2.636)

Ca = 1171 kg/m³

The mix proportion then becomes:

WATER CEMENT FINE COARSE

AGGREGAT

E

AGGREGAT

E

191.6 383 kg 620 kg 1171 kg

0.5 1 1.61 3.05

Therefore, we adopt the mix proportion taken is 1:1.5:3

6. EXPERIMENT It is significant that the ingredient material of

concrete remain consistently distributed within

the concrete mass during the various stages of

handling and that full compaction is achieved,

and making sure that the characteristics of

concrete which affect full compaction like

consistency, mobility and compatibility are in

conventionalitywith relevantcodes of practice.

The test carry out in this paper is compressive

and split tensile test. In this experiment we found

strength of self-curing concrete by adding

sodium lignosulphonate (chemical admixture) at

0.5%, 1%, 1.5%.2%, 2.5%, 3% and also

comparing with conventional concrete to study

the compressive strength and split tensile

strength.

6.1 Compressive Strength The compressive force applied per unit

area on the specimen is termed as the

compressive strength. In simple words the

compressive force is the pushing force that acts

on the specimen.

Table 3 Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes

Percentage 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

Of S.C.A (N/mm

2)

(N/mm2)

(N/mm

2)

Conventional 13.0 18.0 20

standard

Conventional 13.5 18.2 22.5

(obtained)

0.5 14.44 18.25 24.0

1.0 7.10 10.0 12.50

1.5 4.80 9.43 11.70

2.0 4.20 8.70 10.0

2.5 3.30 7.00 9.80

3.0 3.20 6.90 9.65

20

7 Days Test

Result

15

N/m

m

10In 14 Days Test

Results

5

28 Days Test

0

Com

pres

sive

Stre

ngth

conc

entio

nal(s

ta…c

onv

entio

nal(o

bt…

0.50%

1%

1.50%

2%

2.50%

3%

Results

Percentage Of S.C.A

Graph 1Comparison of Compressive Strength




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6.2 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

The tensile force applied per unit area on the

specimen is termed as the tensile strength .In simple

words the tensile force is the pulling force that acts

on the specimen.

Table 4 Split Tensile Strength of Concrete Cylinders

Percentage 7 Days 14 Days 28 Days

Of S.C.A

(N/Mm2) (N/Mm

2) (N/Mm

2)


(Standard)


(Obtained)

0.5 1.62 1.73 2.00

1 1.34 1.43 1.74

1.5 1.30 1.40 1.70

2 1.27 1.38 1.67

2.5 1.12 1.20 1.50

3 0.90 1.13 1.42

2 7 Days

Tensile

1.5 Strength

2zN

/mm

In 14 Days

1

Tensile

Strength

0.5

Con

cret

e

28 Days

Tensile

Of

0

conve

ntio…

conve

ntio…

Strength

Ten

sile

Str

eng

th

0.50

%

1%

1.50

%

2%

2.50

%

3%

Percentage Of S.C.A

Graph 2 Comparison of tensile strength

7. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Experimental studies were carried out on concrete

by adding self-curing agent (sodium lignosulphonate) in

varying percentages of cement. Physical properties such

as compressive strength and split tensile strength was

evaluated based on the experimental result the following

conclusions are drawn.

The self curing agent of sodium lignosulphonate is

used at different percentages with M20 grade concrete

mix and analyzed the result. It reveals that the

compressive strength of concrete is found to be

increased by 6.25% at 0.5% of sodium lignosulphonate

compared with conventional concrete of same water-

cement ratio (0.5).

To check the tensile strength, split tensile test is

conducted which shows that the strength increased by

2.5 % at 0.5% sodium lignosulphonate to conventional

concrete with same water-cement ratio (0.5)

Comparing to these varying percentages of sodium

lignosulphonate (0.5%, 1%, 1.5, 2%, 2.5%, 3%). A

compressive and split tensile test result shows that the

optimum strength of self curing concrete attained at

0.5% mixture of sodium lignosulphonate when

compared to conventional concrete.

The experimental study shows that the use of water

soluble sodium lignosulphonate is possible as a self-

curing agent. It reduces placing problems in hot weather

concreting by improving workability and workability

retention and allows workability to be increased without

adding extra water.

REFERENCES 1. Dr.D.R.Bhatt, Prof.Nanak J Pamnani and Dr.

A.K.Verma (2013). “Comparison of compressive

strength of medium strength selfcompacted concrete

by different curing techniques”, International journal

of engineering trends and technology, ISSN: 2231-

5381, volume 4, Issue 5 Page 1451-1457.

2. Dr. D.R.Bhatt, Prof.Nanak J Pamnani and Dr.

A.K.Verma (2014).” self curingself compacting

concrete: A sustainable avenue of making concrete”,

Journal of International academic research for

multidisciplinary, impact factor 1.393, ISSN: 2320-

5083, volume 2, Issue 1, Page 112-123.

3. Gowripalan.N Marks. R and Sun. R

(2001),”Early age properties of self cured concrete”,

proceedings of concrete institute of Australia, page




78

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655-662.

4. IS: 383-1970, Specification for coarse aggregate

from natural sources for concrete.

5. IS: 385-1970, Specification for fine aggregate from

natural sources for concrete.

6. IS: 10262-1982, recommended guidelines for

concrete mix design.

7. IS: 269-1989, Compressive strength of concrete.

8. IS: 5816-1999, splitting tensile strength of concrete-

method of test.

9. Prof. Jayeshkumar R Pitroda, Patel Manish

Kumar Dahyabhai (2013). “Self-curing concrete:

new technique for concrete curing- A literature

review”, Journal of internal academic research for

multidisciplinary, impact factor 1.393, volume 1,

Issue 9, page 539-544.

10. KareReknes (2004).”The chemistry of

lignosulphonate and the effect on performance of

lignosulphonate base plasticizers and super

plasticizers”, conference on our world in concrete

and structures, page 433-440.

11. M.ManojKumar and D.Maruthachalam

(2013),”Experimental investigation on self curing

concrete”, International journal of advanced

scientific and technical research, Issue 3, Volume 2,

ISSN: 2249-29954, Page 300-306.

12. Mohammed Noorulla and VinayakVijapur

(2013).”An experimental investigation on the

behavior of self curing concrete under acidic

attack”, International Journal of Engineering

research, volume 1, Issue 3, ISSN: 2321-7758, page

385-394.

13. Nisagroup (2014),”Preliminary studies of self

curing concrete with the addition of polyethylene

glycol”, self curing concrete project, page 1-16.

14. M. Saravanan and Vedhasakthi (2014).

“Development of normal strength and high strength

self curing concrete using super absorbing

polymers(SAP) and comparison of strength

characteristics”, International journal of research in

engineering and technology, Volume 3, Issue 10,

Page 310-316.

15. SuryawanshiNageshTatoba (2012),”Assessment of

the properties of self cured concrete”. RGR


EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF CURING CONCRETE USING SODIUM LIGNOSULPHONATE

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