Experimental Phonetics Handout 1

7/29/2019 Experimental Phonetics Handout 1

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Experimental Phonetics

Lecture 1: Introduction


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Objectives of the course To gain knowledge of acoustic properties of

segmentals and suprasegmentals

To be able to design experiments and to

analyze experimental results

To gain knowledge of speech analysis

techniques

To understand some issues in language

acquisition: cues to speech perception, speaker

and accent variation, lexical and context effectson word and sentence recognition, and age

effects


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Learning resources Textbook:

- Sociophonetics: An introduction, E. Thomas, Palgrave

Macmillan, 2011 Other resources:

- Experimental phonetics: An introduction, K.Hayward, Longman, 2000

- Vowels and consonants, P. Ladefoged & S. Disner,Wiley-Blackwell, 2012

- Introducing phonetic science (7th), M. Ashby & J.Maidment, Cambridge, 2012

Papers on acoustic phonetics, speech perception,speech production, language acquisition

Course handouts

Recommended web sites


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Evaluation

Midterm exam: 30 points

Final exam: 50 points

-Term paper: 40 points

-Poster presentation and feedback on two otherpresentations: 10 points

Assignment (in-class presentation): 10 points

Attendance and class discussion: 10 points


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Overview of the course Week 1:

-Speech chain

-Audio recording and segmentation Week 2:

-The source-filter model of speech

Week 3: Holidays-No class Week 4:

-Acoustics of consonants: Stops and fricatives

-How to analyze consonants: VOT Week 5: Holidays-No class


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Overview of the course

Week 6:

-Acoustics of consonants: nasals, laterals andapproximants

-How to analyze consonants

-Acoustics of vowels

Week 7:

-Acoustics of vowels

-How to analyze vowels: F0, formants, duration

Week 8:-Experiment design and analysis


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Overview of the course Week 9: Midterm exam

Week 10:

- Acoustics of prosody: Pitch and intonation

-How to analyze intonation

Week 11:

- Coarticulation: Contextual variation

Week 12:

- Speaker and accent variation


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Overview of the course Week 13:

-Variation and the cognitive processing of sounds

-Auditory processing Week 14:

-Speech perception: various cues to speech

perception-Age effects and hearing loss

Week 15:

-Lexical and context effects on word/sentencerecognition

Week 16: Poster presentation; you should alsoprovide feedback on two other presentations.


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Poster presentations

The poster presentations should be related to topics

that we are going to cover in class.

You should remain by your poster for the duration of

class hours.

Posters should be set up before class and removed

after class.

Your posters should be around 60cm by 70cm.

Plan a 10 minutes (maximum) informal oral

presentation of your poster in case you are asked towalk through it.


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Todays lecture The speech chain

-The speech chain model

-How do we produce and understand speech?

-Levels of investigation: Speech production(physiological and acoustic levels) and speech

perception/listening comprehension (acoustic andphysiological levels, and also morphological andlexical levels)

-The organs of speech

Audio recording and segmentation

-Incongruity between letters and sounds in English

-International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

-Using Praat and SFS for recording and segmentation


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Denes & Pinson, 1992


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The organs of speech(Phonetics and phonology, Davenport & Hannahs 2005)


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Vocal cords


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Todays lecture

The speech chain


-Incongruity between letters and sounds in English-International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

-Using Praat and SFS for recording and

segmentation


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Sound and spelling Sound-spelling incongruity

-The same letters represent different sounds:father,

bake, bat/ gist, getNew examples:

-Different letters represent the same sounds: [i:]see, sea

New examples: [f]

-Several letters represent one sound:fish, though

New examples: /

-Silent letters: climb, cake, knee, debt, island

New examples:


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The correspondence between sounds and letters ismany-to-one and one-to-many

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

IPA: One-to-one correspondence betweensounds and symbols

(http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/IPAlab/IPAlab.htm)

-sing [s], thin [n], sheet[i:t]

Sound and spelling


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IPA: Consonants


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IPA: Vowels


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Praat (www.praat.org): Speech analysisprogram (Source: Park Hansang, Hongik Univ., 2005, PM Workshop)

Praat objects:Read: Read in a file(English vowels.wav)Sound: Annotate-: ToTextGrid


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Praat: Speech analysis program


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TextGridEnglish_vowels


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SoundEnglish_Vowels &TextGridEnglish_VowelsTextGrid: EditTextGridEditor


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Press anEnter keyto createboundaries.Enter eachwordbetweenBoundaries.


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TextGridEditorTier: Duplicate tier O.K.


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Praat: Speech analysis programheed : TextGridEditor selection buttonTier 1: vowels show up between boundaries


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SFS: Speech analysis program Instructions for using SFS

(http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/resource/sfs/)

-Click on the record button

-Choose speech with 16000 sampling rates

-Press record and record sounds/words, which createsa speech item

-Click on the waveform icon in the menu-Click on the box for a spectrogram of the sound you

recorded

-To zoom in a particular portion in the speech signal,highlight that portion using the left and right mousekeys, and then press the symbol.


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SFS: Speech analysis program Instructions for using SFS

-To annotate the sounds, click on annotation and

choose create annotation in the menu and entersounds as a category of annotations; new layer for

annotation

-To segment and annotate a particular section, place a

marker at the start of the section using the left-hand

button on the mouse, and then press a on the

keyboard, and type the letters/symbols you want to

provide as annotation, then press enter key.


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Summary The speech chain

-The speech chain model

-How do we produce and understand speech?

-Levels of investigation: Speech production(physiological and acoustic levels) and speechperception/listening comprehension (acoustic andphysiological levels, and also morphological and

lexical levels)-The organs of speech


-Incongruity between letters and sounds in English

IPA-Using Praat/SFS (digital speech processing software) to

label and transcribe speech

Experimental Phonetics Handout 1

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