EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCC ADMIXED WITH COPPER SLAG … · permeability of the concrete....
Transcript of EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCC ADMIXED WITH COPPER SLAG … · permeability of the concrete....
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCC
ADMIXED WITH COPPER SLAG INCORPORATED
WITH STEEL FIBER
S. Murugan
PG Student, Dept of Civil Engineering
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Dr(Mrs). D. Brindha
Assistant Professor, Dept of Civil Engineering
Thiagarajar College of Engineering
Madurai, Tamil Nadu
Abstract— In this paper self-compacting concrete is
admixed with copper slag incorporated with varying
steel fibers. Self-compacting concrete which has a good
flowability characteristics achieves the compaction on
its self. In this work, a total of seven mix are adopted
which is designed by Nansu method with the constant
water to cement ratio as 0.4. From former work it is
identified that when a maximum of 40% of fine
aggregate is replaced with copper slag there is a good
enhancement in the compressive strength. Hence the
same is adopted with the addition of hook end steel
fibers over it. The main purpose of adding fibers is that
to increase the load carrying capacity of the members in
which it is incorporated. In all the mix, the compressive
strength, tensile strength and flexural behaviour is
studied and the results discussed in detail.
Keywords— Self-compacting concrete, Steel fiber,
Copper Slag
I. INTRODUCTION
The construction of modern and complicated civil engineering structures have become a part of today’s fast developing world. Concrete known for its high compressive strength, workability and durability plays a vital role in construction. Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a high performance concrete that has very low viscosity and high resistance to segregation, doesn’t require mechanical vibration during casting. Hence, SCC is accepted in the construction industry, When the super plasticizer is added to the concrete, there are more possibilities of segregation. To overcome this situation, the content of the finer particles in the concrete may be increased and simultaneously the coarse particles which tent to block the flow of concrete to heavy reinforcements may be reduced to achieve a better SCC. In this paper we incorporated variation of steel fibre.
Experimental results showed that the compressive strengths of 28 days of SCC were in the range of 41.8-65.6 MPa, and an amount of 30 wt. % of class F fly ash was found to be an optimal value to produce the SCC with excellent flowing and passing capability, preferable durability and mechanical properties [1]
. . The ACI equations used in the study for estimating modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength are governed by the concrete matrix rather than being’s influenced by the fibers at
0.5 vol. %[2]. The various concrete workability tests such as slump flow test, T50cm slump flow, V-funnel test, J-ring and L-box tests were performed and their results were satisfied. From this it is concluded that SCC properties is satisfied by adopting the Nan Su et al. method [3]. The statistical factorial model can simplify the test protocol required to optimize a given mixture by reducing the number of trail batches but however, it needs intensive laboratory testing on available materials. The method based on rheology of paste model can reduce the laboratory work and provide the basis for quality control and further development of new mineral and chemical admixtures [4]. The incorporation of metakolin improved durability, but not the near surface water permeability of the concrete. Equations expressing the effect of replacement level on the examined properties were formulated, whenever appropriate. The most enhancing effect of metakolin as a replacement material was observed in the chloride penetration resistance [5]. Maximum Compressive strength of concrete increased by 34 % at 20% replacement of fine aggregate, and up to 80% replacement ,concrete gain more strength than normal concrete strength. It is observed that up to 30% replacement of natural sand by copper slag, the flexural strength of concrete is increased by 14%. And all percentage replacement of fine aggregate by copper slag the flexural strength of concrete is more than normal mix [6].
II. RESEARCH METHODLOGIES
In our study M40 grade concrete was used for casting
all kind of concrete specimen which are admixed with
40% sand replaced by copper slag and with variation
of steel fibre added with an increments of .2% (Max
1%) This study was concerned with the replacement
of fine aggregate and cement in concrete. The cubes
and cylinder were used for compressive strength and
splitting tensile strength respectively. Beam were
used to find the flexural behaviour respectively
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III. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Fig 1. Flow of Experimental work
The cubes are analysed for compressive strength, the
cylinders for split tensile and RCC beams for flexural
strength and the optimum percentage addition of steel
fibre to achieve the greatest strength and workability
increase calculated.
IV. MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND MIX DESIGN
A. Material Properties
Table1. Material properties
Cement Sand Copper
slag
Coarse
Aggregate
Bulk
Density
(g/cc)
- 1.56 1.93 1.45
Specific
Gravity 3.15 2.73 3.8 3.34
B. Mix Design
The procedures of the proposed mix design
method according to Nansu Method can be
summarized in the following steps.
a. Calculation of coarse and fine aggregate
contents
b. Calculation of cement content
c. Calculation of mixing water content
required by cement
d. Calculation of fly ash (FA)
e. Calculation of mixing water content
needed in SCCs
f. Calculation of SP dosage
g. Adjustment of mixing water content
needed in SCC
h. Trial mixes and tests on SCC properties
i. Adjustment of mix proportions
C. Specimen Details
Table 2. Specimen Details
Specimens
used Specimen size
No of
Specimens cast
Cube 150x150x150
mm 21
Cylinder
150mm
diameter and
300 mm height
21
Beam
120mm x
120mm
x1000mm
14
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Compressive Strength
The result showed that when steel fibre
incorporated into copper slag admixed concrete
specimen, when compressive strength of
concrete is increased to maximum 99.92%.
Addition of steel fibre increases strength
properties of concrete in each proportion.
Table 3 Results of Compressive Strength of Concrete
Cubes
Mix
Identificatio
n
Average
Load
Carryin
g
Capacit
y (kN)
Average
Compressiv
e Strength
(Mpa)
Increase in
Compressiv
e Strength
(%)
CS1 853.5 37.93 -
CS2 948.9 42.17 11.17
S1 1044.4 46.42 22.38
S2 1250.4 55.57 46.06
S3 1547.1 68.76 81.28
S4 1627.2 72.32 90.66
S5 1706.27 75.83 99.92
(a)
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(b)
Fig 2. (a)Max Compressive Strength (Mpa)
(b) Increase in Compressive Strength (%)
B. Split tensile Strength
The result showed that when steel fiber
incorporated into copper slag admixed concrete
specimen, when compressive strength of
concrete is increased to maximum 182.57%.
Addition of steel fiber increases strength
properties of concrete in each proportion.
Table 4 Results of Split Tensile Test on Cylindrical
Specimen
Mix
Identification
Average
Load
(kN)
Average
Split
Tensile
Strength
(Mpa)
Increase
in Split
Tensile
Strength
(%)
CS1 247.63 3.50 -
CS2 284.93 4.03 15.14
S1 387.7 5.48 56.57
S2 401 5.65 61.42
S3 482.3 6.8 94.3
S4 565.18 7.99 128.28
S5 699.73 9.89 182.57
(a)
(b)
Fig3. (a) Average Tensile Strength (N-mm)
(b) Percentage Increase in Strength (%)
C. Flexural behavior of RCC beam
It has been observed that all control
RCC beam are failed by shear failure, whereas
copper slag admixed RCC beam failed
predominately failed by shear failure.
Incorporation steel fiber in RCC beam show
enhanced performance and there by load carrying
capacity are become increased up to 41%.
Table 5 RCC Beam Ultimate Load vs Deflection
Specimen Ultimate
Load (kN)
Deflection
(mm)
CS 1 65.42 7.90
CS 2 70.5 7.04
S 1 74.69 7.97
S 2 76.13 8.9
S 3 80.12 11.26
S 4 85.34 11.5
S 5 92.32 12.56
Fig 4. Flexural Behaviour of RCC Beam
VI. CONCLUSION
A. The incorporated copper slag has benefitted
in the flowability of concrete which is the
ultimate need of the self -compacting
concrete.
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B. The infusion of fibers in the mix has
tremendously increased the strength of the
concrete, hence the section of the members
can be greatly reduced.
C. The flexural behaviour of RCC beam reveals
that the load carrying capacity has increased
on the incorporation of fibers and also it
postpones the initial cracking load.
D. Flexural strength increases with increases in
addition of steel fibers at the same time
while adding 1% of steel fibers, workability
of concrete gets considerably affected.
E. The workability was very good at 0.6%
addition of steel fibers. Moreover, when this
adopted to RCC beam is subjected to
bending test, load-deflection curve is linear
up to 55kN showing good resistant to
flexure.
F. Due to the high increase in strength due to
addition of steel fiber (e.g., nearly 200%
increase in split tensile) beams of thinner
sections can be cast that can withstand larger
Bending Moment that that of normal
concrete.
Acknowledgment
I sincerely express my profound to
Dr.B.SIVAGURUNATHAN, Associate Professor
and Head, Department of Civil Engineering,
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai for
providing all necessary facilities for doing this project
work.
I express my sincere thanks to my guide
Dr.D.BRINDHA, Assistant Professor, Thiagarajar
College of Engineering, Madurai for his valuable
advice and inspiring guidance which has played a
vital role in carrying out this investigation.
I thank the faculty of Civil Engineering,
Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, for
their valuable advices. I also express my sincere
thanks to all who have directly and indirectly assisted
me in completing the work.
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