Experiment No. (i) CREATING A DATA FILEiaear.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/2/5/26257106/lab_output.pdf ·...
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Experiment No. (i)
CREATING A DATA FILE
Experiment No. 1(a) FREQUENCIES
Statistics
Faculty
N Valid 120
Missing 0
Faculty
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
Valid
Arts 34 28.3 28.3 28.3
Commerce 57 47.5 47.5 75.8
Science 29 24.2 24.2 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0
The Faculty table shows that out of 120 students in our dataset, 34 students are from Arts, 57 from
Commerce and 29 from Science faculty.
Experiment No. 1(b) DESCRIPTIVES
Descriptive Statistics
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation
Score in Entrance Examination 120 45 85 60.08 7.834
Monthly Expenditure on Education 120 25 1000 512.46 185.301
Hours Spent on Reading 120 2 9 5.73 2.233
Incidence of Absence 120 1 30 14.73 8.273
Percentage of Marks in First Year 120 40 89 57.98 7.603
Percentage of Marks in Second Year 120 40 85 58.63 6.809
Beginning Salary 120 1600 20000 11834.17 3203.346
Annual Income of Parents 120 150000 680000 347500.00 118812.401
Valid N (list wise) 120
The Descriptive Statistics table is self-explanatory. Each row displays the measures of central tendency
and dispersion for each of the variables. For example, the first row shows number of observation (N),
minimum value, maximum value, mean and standard deviation for the variable Score in Entrance
Examination.
Experiment No.1(c): CROSSTABS
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Gender * Faculty 120 100.0% 0 0.0% 120 100.0%
Gender * Faculty Crosstabulation
Faculty Total
Arts Commerce Science
Gender
Male
Count 18 31 17 66
Expected Count 18.7 31.4 16.0 66.0
% within Gender 27.3% 47.0% 25.8% 100.0%
% within Faculty 52.9% 54.4% 58.6% 55.0%
% of Total 15.0% 25.8% 14.2% 55.0%
Female
Count 16 26 12 54
Expected Count 15.3 25.7 13.1 54.0
% within Gender 29.6% 48.1% 22.2% 100.0%
% within Faculty 47.1% 45.6% 41.4% 45.0%
% of Total 13.3% 21.7% 10.0% 45.0%
Total
Count 34 57 29 120
Expected Count 34.0 57.0 29.0 120.0
% within Gender 28.3% 47.5% 24.2% 100.0%
% within Faculty 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
% of Total 28.3% 47.5% 24.2% 100.0%
The Case Processing Summary table shows that there are no missing values. All 120 observations
were used for performing the crosstabulation.
The Gender * Faculty Crosstabulation table reveals that, there are three rows and four columns.
The row variable has two categories: Male and Female. The first two rows represent frequency
(count) and percentages of Males and Females in each Faculty (column variable category). The third row
represent the total of row statistics for each Faculty.
The column variable has three categories: Arts, Commerce and Science faculty. The first three
columns represent the count and percentages of students in each faculty; the fourth column represents
the totals of column statistics.
Experiment No. 2(a) – ONE SAMPLE T-TEST T-Test
One-Sample Statistics
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Bulb Life 10 2730.90 285.681 90.340
One-Sample Test
Test Value = 3000
t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
Lower Upper
Bulb Life -2.979 9 .015 -269.100 -473.46 -64.74
The One Sample Statistics table gives summary measures (also called the descriptive statistics) for the
variable Bulb Life (in hours).
The second table – One Sample Test gives the t-statistic along with its associated 2-tailed significance
level (also called the p – value).
An obtained p –value shows a theoretical risk of Type – I error. Researchers usually want p to be less
than 0.05. A Type – I error occurs when the null hypothesis H0 is true and the researcher rejects it.
Experiment No. 2(b) - INDEPENDENT SAMPLE T-TEST T-Test
Group Statistics
Location N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Percentage of Marks in First
Year
Local 72 57.86 6.634 .782
Commuter 48 58.17 8.933 1.289
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig.
(2-tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Percentage of
Marks in First
Year
Equal
variances
assumed
3.235 .075 -.215 118 .830 -.306 1.422 -3.122 2.511
Equal
variances not
assumed
-.203 80.692 .840 -.306 1.508 -3.306 2.695
Experiment No. 2(c) - PAIRED SAMPLE T-TEST
T-Test
Paired Samples Statistics
Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Pair 1
Percentage of Marks in First Year
57.98 1
2
0
7.603 .694
Percentage of Marks in Second Year
58.57 1
2
0
6.796 .620
Paired Samples Correlations
N Correlation Sig.
Pair 1 Percentage of Marks in First Year &
Percentage of Marks in Second Year
120 .920 .000
Paired Samples Test
Paired Differences t df Sig.
(2-tailed) Mean Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
Mean
95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower Upper
Pair 1
Percentage of Marks in
First Year - Percentage of
Marks in Second Year
-.583 2.992 .273 -1.124 -.043 -2.136 119 .035
Experiment No. 2(d) – ONE-WAY ANOVA
Oneway
Descriptives
Percentage of Marks in First Year
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Std.
Error
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum
Lower Bound Upper Bound
Arts 34 55.91 6.201 1.063 53.75 58.08 40 70
Commerce 57 59.09 7.246 .960 57.16 61.01 40 70
Science 29 58.24 9.357 1.737 54.68 61.80 40 89
Total 120 57.98 7.603 .694 56.61 59.36 40 89
Test of Homogeneity of Variances
Percentage of Marks in First Year
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.682 2 117 .190
ANOVA
Percentage of Marks in First Year
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 217.360 2 108.680 1.909 .153
Within Groups 6660.607 117 56.928
Total 6877.967 119
Means Plots
Experiment No. 3(a) – RUNS TEST
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum Percentiles
25th 50th (Median) 75th
Faculty 120 1.96 .726 1 3 1.00 2.00 2.00
Runs Test
Faculty
Test Valuea 2
Cases < Test Value 34
Cases >= Test Value 86
Total Cases 120
Number of Runs 43
Z -1.523
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .128
a. Median
Experiment No. 3(b) – CHI-SQUARE TEST
Crosstabs
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Gender * Location 120 100.0% 0 0.0% 120 100.0%
Gender * Location Crosstabulation
Count
Location Total
Local Commuter
Gender Male 33 33 66
Female 39 15 54
Total 72 48 120
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6.111a 1 .013
Continuity Correctionb 5.220 1 .022
Likelihood Ratio 6.216 1 .013
Fisher's Exact Test .016 .011
Linear-by-Linear Association 6.060 1 .014
N of Valid Cases 120
a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 21.60.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table
Experiment No. 3c (MANN-WHITNEY U TEST)
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum Percentiles
25th 50th
(Median)
75th
Percentage of Marks in
First Year
120 57.98 7.603 40 89 54.00 57.50 62.00
Location 120 1.40 .492 1 2 1.00 1.00 2.00
Mann-Whitney Test
Ranks
Location N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Percentage of Marks in First Year
Local 72 60.32 4343.00
Commuter 48 60.77 2917.00
Total 120
Test Statisticsa
Percentage of Marks
in First Year
Mann-Whitney U 1715.000
Wilcoxon W 4343.000
Z -.070
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .944
a. Grouping Variable: Location
Experiment No. 3d (WILCOXON SIGNED RANK TEST)
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum Percentiles
25th 50th
(Median)
75th
Percentage of Marks in
First Year
120 57.98 7.603 40 89 54.00 57.50 62.00
Percentage of Marks in
Second Year
120 58.57 6.796 40 85 55.00 58.00 63.00
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
Ranks
N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks
Percentage of Marks in Second
Year - Percentage of Marks in First
Year
Negative Ranks 45a 57.44 2585.00
Positive Ranks 69b 57.54 3970.00
Ties 6c
Total 120
a. Percentage of Marks in Second Year < Percentage of Marks in First Year
b. Percentage of Marks in Second Year > Percentage of Marks in First Year
c. Percentage of Marks in Second Year = Percentage of Marks in First Year
Test Statisticsa
Percentage of Marks
in Second Year -
Percentage of Marks
in First Year
Z -1.971b
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .049
a. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test
b. Based on negative ranks.
Experiment No. 3e (KRUSKAL - WALLIS TEST)
NPar Tests
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Minimum Maximum Percentiles
25th 50th
(Median)
75th
Percentage of Marks in
First Year
120 57.98 7.603 40 89 54.00 57.50 62.00
Faculty 120 1.96 .726 1 3 1.00 2.00 2.00
Kruskal-Wallis Test
Ranks
Faculty N Mean Rank
Percentage of Marks in First Year
Arts 34 51.93
Commerce 57 66.30
Science 29 59.16
Total 120
Test Statisticsa,b
Percentage of Marks
in First Year
Chi-Square 3.711
df 2
Asymp. Sig. .156
a. Kruskal Wallis Test
b. Grouping Variable: Faculty
Experiment No. 4a (CORRELATIONS)
Correlations
Correlations
Hours Spent on
Reading
Incidence of
Absence
Percentage of
Marks in First
Year
Hours Spent on Reading
Pearson Correlation 1 -.279** .290**
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .001
N 120 120 120
Incidence of Absence
Pearson Correlation -.279** 1 -.573**
Sig. (2-tailed) .002 .000
N 120 120 120
Percentage of Marks in First
Year
Pearson Correlation .290** -.573** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .000
N 120 120 120
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Experiment No. 4b (REGRESSION)
Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Model Variables Entered Variables Removed Method
1
Incidence of
Absence, Monthly
Expenditure on
Education, Hours
Spent on Readingb
. Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Percentage of Marks in First Year
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .600a .360 .343 6.162
a. Predictors: (Constant), Incidence of Absence, Monthly Expenditure on Education, Hours Spent
on Reading
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 2473.601 3 824.534 21.716 .000b
Residual 4404.365 116 37.969
Total 6877.967 119
a. Dependent Variable: Percentage of Marks in First Year
b. Predictors: (Constant), Incidence of Absence, Monthly Expenditure on Education, Hours Spent on Reading
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 60.029 2.644 22.702 .000
Monthly Expenditure on Education .005 .003 .116 1.558 .122
Hours Spent on Reading .457 .264 .134 1.731 .086
Incidence of Absence -.489 .071 -.533 -6.888 .000
a. Dependent Variable: Percentage of Marks in First Year
Experiment No. 5 (FORECASTING)
Experiment No. 6 (PORTFOLIO SELECTION)
Experiment No. 7a – (RISK ANALYSIS)
Experiment No. 7b (SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS)
Experiment No. 8 (LINEAR PROGRAMMING – MINIMIZING & MAXIMIZING)
(i) For Minimum:
(ii) For Maximum:
Experiment No. 9a (TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM)
Experiment No. 9b (ASSIGNMENT PROBLEM)
Experiment No. 10 (NETWORKING MODELS)
Experiment No. 11 (QUEUEING THEORY)
Experiment No. 12 (INVENTORY MODELS)