GROUP NO. 6 - MEMBERS

Mamaril, Jason YujSantiago, Charl JosephSedenio, Precious HazelSy, Ruth Danielle

ABSTRACT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chemistry, branch of science, is the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. We must follow each step first in order to understand the final step. Here we will learn that science can be applied in our daily life. Following procedures is the main goal here in this experiment. There are many ways to finish the task of each activity. But you need to follow each step in order for you to conclude later.

I. INTRODUCTION

Chemistry, a branch of physical science, is the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. It is a trial and error method. One must need to know each of the laboratory equipments so that he or she can easily understand their uses. In Experiment 1, you will learn how to follow the instructions. One must be careful in dealing with all the equipments carefully and correctly. The objectives are to use common laboratory apparatus in measuring mass, length, volume, temperature, and density; to compute the accuracy and the precision of a set of scientific measurement and; to apply the concept of significant figures in reporting correctly scientific measurements.

II. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

The experiments that we performed are Measurement of Mass, Measurement of Length, Measurement of Volume, Using the Bunsen Burner, Measurement of Temperature, Measurement of Density of a solid by Geometric and Water Displacement.

In performing the measurement of Mass, we need to determine the mass of a one peso coin and a 25-centavo coin using the platform balance where in each member of the group will do one measurement to complete five measurements. Next step is to weigh separately the one peso coin and the 25 centavo coin using the electronic balance and each of the mass obtained for each coin will serve as the true value. The last step is to calculate the relative deviation and the relative error for each of the set of measurements.

Next is the measurement of the length, in performing this experiment, we first need to measure the length and the width of the laboratory manual book using the ruler in centimeters. After getting the measurements, next step is to calculate the area in square centimeters using the correct formula.

Third one is the Measurement of volume; this requires measuring a 100mL of tap water using the 100mL graduated cylinder. Next is to transfer the water to a 150mL beaker then find the volume of the water in graduated cylinder and beaker.

Fourth is using the Bunsen burner, first is using at the 10mL graduated cylinder, we must measure a 5mL of distilled water and placed it inside the test tube the set the time in seconds for the water to boil in luminous flame. Repeat the steps given and use the non-luminous flame this time.

The fifth experiment is Measurement of Temperature; first thing to do is to half fill a 150mL beaker with distilled water. Arrange the Bunsen burner into the iron ring and boil the water and measure its temperature in degrees Celsius.

The sixth experiment is measurement of density of a solid by water displacement, first thing to do is to measure a 50mL of tap water using the 100mL graduated cylinder, and this will be the initial volume. After doing that, get the ten one peso coins and used in part F and place them slowly inside the graduated cylinder then read the volume and this will be the final volume. After that determine the volume of the coins. The volume is equal to the difference between the final volume and the initial volume. After that, calculate the density of the coins by dividing the mass obtained in the sixth experiment by the volume.

The eight experiments is the measurement of density of Water; weigh a clean and dry 100mL graduated cylinder using the electronic balance then place the 50mL distilled water into the graduated cylinder, then weigh it again. Then, determine the temperature of the water in degree Celsius. Calculate the density of the water, the mass of the water is equal to the mass of the graduated cylinder. Then make another trial using 100mL of water and compute the percent error, after calculating the average density of the water.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. MEASUREMENT OF MASS OF A ONE-PESO & 25 CENTAVO COINS

ONE PESO COIN 25 CENTAVO

TRIAL MASS ABSOLUTE DEVIATION

MASS ABSOLUTE DEVIATION

1 5.2g 0.05g 3.15g 0.09g2 5.1g 0.05g 3.2g 0.04g3 5.15g 0 3.3g 0.06g4 5.1g 0/05 3.25g 0.01g5 5.2g 0.05 3.3g 0.06g

SUM 25.75g 0.2g 16.2g 0.01AVERAGE 5.15g 0.04g 3.24g 0.052gRELATIVE DEVIATION 0.78% 1.6%

TRUE VALUE OF THE MASS 5.35g 3.58g

PERCENT ERROR 3.74% 9.5%

We manage to get the sum, average, relative deviation, true value of the mass, and the percent error of one peso coin and 25 centavo coin. The one peso coin is more precise and accurate. The Relative Deviation is below 1% and it satisfies the need. Same as the percent error, the percent error of 25 centavo is greater than the one peso coin. Therefore, we conclude that the one peso coin is more precise and accurate than the 25 centavo coin.

B. MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH

LENGTH (cm) 21.3cmWIDTH (cm) 27.5cmAREA (cm2) 585.75cm2

We didn’t manage to understand this part at first, but realizing our mistakes, we get the correct answer. We forget that the ruler is scaled in 1:10. We forgot to maintain the value to get the correct area.

C. MEASUREMENT OF VOLUME

APPARATUS Volume (mL)Graduated Cylinder 100mLBeaker 100mL

We just get the maximum volume of each apparatus which is 100mL. We just need to fill up the water to get their maximum capacity.

D. USING THE BUNSEN BURNER

Type of Bunsen Burner Time to Boil The Water (sec)Luminous Flame 54.10secNon-Luminous Flame 29.84sec

We first read the steps in conducting this task. We learned that nonluminous flame is hotter than the luminous flame. Therefore, we got each boiling time and had a result of 54.10 sec for luminous flame and 29.84 sec for non-luminous flame.

E. MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE

Temperature of Boling Water 100Celcius

We boiled the water by heating it using the Bunsen burner. Then we used the thermometer to get the temperature of the water.

F. MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY OF A SOLID BY GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENT

Mass (g) 5.42gHeight (cm) 0.2cmDiameter (cm) 2.3cmVolume (cm3) 0.83cm3

Density (g/cm3) 6.53g/cm3

We manage to fill up the table using a ruler, calculator, and a formula given. We divide the mass to the volume in order to get the density which 6.53g/cm3. It is mostly used in regular shapes.

G. MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY OF A SOLID BY WATER DISPLACEMENT

Mass (g) 54.27gInitial Volume 50mLFinal Volume 2.3cmVolume of the Coins (mL) 0.83cm3

Density (g/mL) 6.53g/cm3

We filled up the water with 10 pieces of one peso coin in the graduated cylinder. We get the mass by getting the true value of the mass. We got the volume by subtracting the final volume to initial volume so we can get the volume of the coins. Again, we got the density by dividing the mass to the volume. It is mostly used in getting the density in irregular shapes.

H. MEASUREMENT OF DENSITY OF WATER

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2MASS OF EMPTY GRADUATED CYLINDER (G) 117.75g 117.75g

VOLUME OF WATER (ML) 50mL 100mLMAS OF GRADUATED CYLINDER AND WATER (G) 116.35g 217. 06g

TEMPERATURE OF WATER (C) 30C 32CMASS OF WATER (G) 48.6g 99.31gDENSITY OF WATER (G/ML) 0.972g/m L 0.9931g/mLAVERAGE DENSITY OF WATER (G/ML) 0.98g/mL

TRUE VALUE OF THE DENSITY OF WATER (G/ML) 1g/mL

PERCENT ERROR 2%

We were asked to have a trial of two to get the average density of water. Same as the old procedure in getting the density, we plus the two densities and divide it into two. Then we can get the average density of water, true value of the density of water, and percent error.

IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Therefore we conclude that by learning all the ways of using each of the laboratory equipments and formulas, we can easily find the answer. We must follow each step first in order to understand the final step. Skipping steps make one confuse and insatiable in their results.

I recommend to all the beginners in dealing with Experiment 1 to follow each steps properly so they won’t get any wrong answers.

V. REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

http://www.google.com.ph/imgres?q=basic+laboratory+equipment&num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1440&bih=732&tbm=isch&tbnid=GBvccdUvuSKpZMChang, R. (2008). General Chemistry: The essential concepts, 5th edition. Mc-Graw Hill, New York

Hein, M., Best, L.R., Miner, R.L., and Peisen, J.N.,(1999). Foundations of Chemistry in the Laboratory, 10th Edition. Brooks. / Cole Publishing Co., U.S.A.

Nelson, J.H. and Kemp, K.C. (2003). Chemistry: The central science (Laboratory Experiments), 9 th

Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. V.JA.