Experience Miner Training

Surface

Coal Processing Operation

Raw Coal Storage.Silos and Draw-off tunnels.Transported by belt to top of plant.Channeled through plant during the cleaning process by plant operator.Clean coal transported out to clean coal silo that has feeders.Refuse goes to bin to be hauled away by trucks.Train Load-out facility at bottom of hill by tracks.

Responsibilities Of:Responsibility of SupervisorsResponsibility of Supervisors Safety – Production and Cost

To insure safe work practices

Knowledge of safe work procedures

Orientation and training of employees

Detection of employee personal difficulties

Enforcement of safe practices and regulations

Control unsafe conditions

Correct unsafe conditions.

Investigate incidents

Filling out proper paperwork

OperatorOperator’’s Rules and Procedures for s Rules and Procedures for Reporting HazardsReporting Hazards

Report any hazard to your immediate supervisor.

If not taken care of in a timely manner, report condition to Plant Manager, Mine Manager or Safety Department.

If immediate danger exists – Report immediately and danger off area/equipment.

Mandatory Health and Safety Standards

Front End Loader – “Show Tape” and discussions.Dozers – Stock Pile Safety Tapes and Discussions.Refuse Truck – Show Pre-operational checks and discussions.ChemicalsWeatherPeople

Topic of DiscussionMine Escape System. Equipment Scalping Tower Prep Plant Buildings

Escape and Emergency Evacuation Plan Exits Fire Extinguishers Fire Hose

Firewarning signals and Fire Fighting Procedures. Call Security 911 system

Transportation ControlsOperation of Equipment – Speed of Equipment; Weather Conditions; Road Conditions.

Controls for Transportation – Traffic Signs

Communication Systems, Warning Signals and Directional Signs – Belt Start Up; Audible and Back Up Horns on Equipment; Mirrors; Traffic Flow; Other Equipment.

Escapeways, Emergency Evacuation, Firewarning, and Firefighting

What to do?

INTRODUCTION

Reaction to a fire must occur in the early stages of an emergency.

Effective firefighting depends on your work habits

Judgment

Ability to react appropriately.

FIRE PREVENTION

Best prevention method – do not have one.

Know the location of fire fighting equipment.

Know how to use the fire fighting equipment.

Obey “NO SMOKING” signs.

FIRE PREVENTION

Containers must be clearly marked and NO SMOKING signs posted for stored.

Diesel Fuel

Gasoline

Other flammable liquids

FIRE PREVENTION

FUELING AREAS:

Internal combustion engines shut off.

Does not include diesels.

No smoking, open lights.

FIRE PREVENTION

Use noncombustible safety containers for flammable liquids.Discard damaged or leaking containersKeep storage areas free of debris, such as burnable trash, oily rags, and matches.Don’t store combustibles near welding and cutting equipment.Don’t discard batteries that could produce heat

Never smoke or carry open flames into or around storage areas.

Be sure warning signs are maintained and visible.

Always obey warning signs.

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

MSHA’s Law:

Preparation plants, tipples, drawoff tunnels and other surface installations must be equipped with portable fire extinguishers sufficient to meet any fire hazard that could exist in these structures.

FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Preparation plants equipped with waterlines, with outlet valves on each floor, and with sufficient fire hose to project a water stream to any point in the plant.

Exception – Freezing conditions exist or water is not available.

2,500 square feet of floor space will need 125 pounds of dry powder extinguisher.

FIREFIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Fire extinguishers provided at;

Mobile equipment

Portable welding units

Auxiliary equipment when operated more than 600 feet that has fire extinguishers

Permanent electrical installations

Combustible liquid storage installations.

Equip carrying flammable liquid – additional.

Several motors or transformers can be served by a single fire extinguisher that can not be placed further than 50 feet away from any unit.Where welding, cutting or soldering is performed.Permanent substations require 2 – 20 lb.

IMPORTANT RULES

Check your work area and know where fire extinguishers are kept.

Always have a used extinguisher replaced.

Have damaged extinguisher replaced.

Be sure fire extinguishers are checked and dated at least every 6 months.

WHEN FIRE STARTS

THE ACTION YOU TAKE IN FIRST FEW MINUTES COULD BE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A MINOR AND MAJOR DAMAGE, AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LIFE AND DEATH.

INITIAL ACTION

FIRST determine what is burning if possible.

Try to extinguish it

Warn others in the immediate area.

Get clear of any area that poses an immediate threat – getting trapped.

Contact your supervisor for help.

Sound an alarm if available.

If safe, return and keep trying to put out.

TYPES OF FIRES

Four categories:

Class A – wood, coal fires, burning paper and cloth.Think Class A as those that leave AshesWater or Dry Chemical used to put out fire.

TYPES OF FIRES

Class B – Burning flammable liquids, gasoline, fuel oils.

Think Class B as those involving contents that will Boil.

Dry chemical, foam, vaporized liquids (CO2), and water fog used to put out this type of fire.

TYPES OF FIRES

Class C – Electrical fires, electrical motors, battery equipment, transformers, circuit breakers, and cables.Think Class C fires as Current fires.Dry chemical and vaporized liquids(CO2) used to put put out this type of fire.

TYPES OF FIRES

Class D – burning metals, magnesium, and sodium.

Special extinguishers developed for use.

Should not use normal ABC extinguishers, they make matters worse.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER RATING

Rated for use – A-B-C-D.

For example a 2A 10BC rated fire extinguisher

Letter represents the type of fire it will put out.

Number will represent size of fire it will put out.

FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUE

Approach no closer than 6 feet from the fire.

Grasp the extinguisher firmly and activate.

Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire and squeeze the handle.

Use a side-to-side sweeping motion to blanket the fire.

BE AWARE of exploding material.

Watch fire after brought under control.

Mine Escape System

Know your exits!PlantDraw Off TunnelsOther Buildings

Plan In Effect.Where to Gather.Parking LotHead Count of People.

Ground Control

Working safely in areas of water hazards;

Illumination of work areas;

Safe work procedures for miners during hours of darkness;

Hazard Recognition

Recognition of hazards;

Avoidance of hazards;

What is an Accident?Unplanned event.Personal injury or property damage must result or both.WILL BE:Direct Causes – unwanted release of energy.Indirect Causes – Contributing factors.Basic Causes – Management, Safety Policies not in place or not being followed and personal factors.

Fatalities

Major Injuries

Near-miss eventswithout injury

UnsafeBehaviors

10

1

30

300

100

Minor Injuries

Injury/Incidents Pyramid

How Many Surface Fatalities for 2006?

Nine Fatalities out of the 47 deaths

This represents 19%.

FIRST AID AND RESCUE SUPPLIES

KNOW the location of first aid and EMT kits. Tool Room Main Portal

If someone is injured – act quickly.

Notify your supervisor and Plant Control.

Call 911 and Security at Mine

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF PART 77

SUPPLIES TO BE KEPT WHERE 10 OR

MORE PERSONS WORK 1 STRETCHER / BROKEN BACK

BOARD 24 TRIANGULAR BANDAGES 8 ea. 4” BANDAGE COMPRESSES 8 ea. 2” BANDAGE COMPRESSES 12 ea. 1” ADHESIVE COMPRESSES BURN REMEDY 2 CLOTH BLANKETS 1 RUBBER BLANKET OR SUBSTITUTE 2 TOURNIQUETS SPIRITS OF AMMONIA SPLINTING MATERIAL

Emergency Medical Procedures

EMERGENCY E-SQUADSBeallsvilleSmith TownshipBarnesvillePowhatanLIFE FLIGHT:Allegheny GeneralCall security in the event of an injury.

Obstructed Airways - Causes & Precautions

Recognizing FBAOPoor Air ExchangeNo Air Exchange

The Sub diaphragmatic Abdominal Thrust

(Heimlich Maneuver)Conscious Victim Unconscious Victim

Direct Pressure

Direct Pressurewith Elevation

Using an Air Splint

Pressure Points

BRUISE (CONTUSION)

REST

ICE

COMPRESSION

ELEVATION

Neck & Spinal Injuries CARE AND TREATMENTCARE AND TREATMENT

ABC’s

Use extreme care in initial examination — minimal movement

apply cervical collar

treat for shock

treat any other injuries

maintain body heat

if movement required, 'log roll' and use assistants

always maintain casualty's head in line with the shoulders

urgent transport

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

* HEADACHE* PHYSICAL SIGNS* LOSS OF

CONSCIOUSNESS* CONFUSION* UNEQUAL /

UNRESPONSIVE PUPILS

* PARALYSIS

* LOSS OF SENSATION

* IMPARED VISION* NAUSEA* CHANGING

RESPIRATION PATTERNS

* SIEZURES

STABILIZE HEAD MAINTAIN AIRWAY KEEP PATIENT

STILL CONTROL

BLEEDING DRESS OPEN

WOUNDS

CARE FOR SHOCK PROVIDE OXYGEN MONITOR VITALS MONITOR LEVEL OF

CONSCIOUSNESS BE PREPARED

FOR VOMITING

CARE OF

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF BONE OR JOINT INJURIES

BRUISINGPAIN

SWELLING

DEFORMITYTENDERNESS

GRATINGEXPOSED BONE ENDS

JOINT LOCKED IN POSITION

Must be a straight line break Can be formed to

shape of deformity

Be careful of temperature change

CUT AWAY CLOTHINGTO EXPOSE THE

INJURY

STABILIZE THE LIMBAND ASSESS

CONTROL ANY BLEEDINGAPPLY A STERILE

DRESSING

BANDAGE THEWOUND

PAD THE SPLINT

SECURE THE LIMBTO THE SPLINT

APPLYING AN AIRSPLINT

PLACE THE SPLINTON THE LIMB

INFLATE THE SPLINTBY MOUTH ONLY

CHECK TO MAKE SURE SPLINT IS NOT OVER-INFLATED

DRESSING - covers

the wound.

BANDAGE - Holds a dressing

in place.

Lifting Lifting TechniquesTechniques

Two person carry

4 person straddle

Health

NoiseReview Noise Law and 62.180 training

DustReview purpose and requirements.

MSDSReview chemicals and Hazcom program.

NOISE

Rock concerts and Mining Operations have in common – both can produce sounds at level that can permanently damage your hearing.Intensity of sound is the pressure that is made when sound is produced.Loud noises are with a lot of pressure.Soft noises are with little pressure.

§ 62.101 Definitions

Action LevelAction Level: TWA: TWA88 of 85 dBA or dose of 50% of 85 dBA or dose of 50%

Permissible Exposure Level (PEL):Permissible Exposure Level (PEL): TWA TWA88 of 90 of 90 dBA or dose of 100%dBA or dose of 100%

Reportable Hearing LossReportable Hearing Loss: an average of 25 dB or : an average of 25 dB or more shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either earmore shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either ear

Standard Threshold Shift (STS):Standard Threshold Shift (STS): an average of 10 an average of 10 dB or more shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either eardB or more shift at 2, 3, and 4 Hertz in either ear

§ 62.120 Action Level (AL)

With MSHA accepting a 2 decibel error;With MSHA accepting a 2 decibel error;

87 dBA TWA87 dBA TWA88, or 66% dose, if noise survey indicates 66% dose or , or 66% dose, if noise survey indicates 66% dose or more then more then

Miner must be enrolled in Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) Miner must be enrolled in Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) when noise exposure when noise exposure equalsequals or exceeds AL or exceeds AL

Wearing of hearing protectors is voluntary when in the Action Wearing of hearing protectors is voluntary when in the Action Level but recommendedLevel but recommended

§ 62.130 Permissible Exposure Level (PEL)

Over 92 dBA TWAOver 92 dBA TWA88, or , or overover 132% dose 132% dose

No adjustment for use of hearing protectionNo adjustment for use of hearing protectionbut hearing protection is mandatory if PEL is but hearing protection is mandatory if PEL is exceeded until engineering and exceeded until engineering and administrative controls are implementedadministrative controls are implemented

Old ruleOld rule allowed adjustment for wearing allowed adjustment for wearing hearing protection devices.hearing protection devices.

§ 62.130 PEL (cont.) Feasible engineering Feasible engineering andand administrative administrative

controls required when PEL controls required when PEL exceededexceeded

Administrative controls must be posted and Administrative controls must be posted and copy provided to affected minercopy provided to affected miner

Mine operator must continue to use E&A Mine operator must continue to use E&A controls even if they do not reduce noise controls even if they do not reduce noise exposure to PELexposure to PEL

115 dBA maximum sound level115 dBA maximum sound level not to exceed not to exceed 15 minutes during any shift / noise survey15 minutes during any shift / noise survey

§ 62.140 Dual Hearing Protection Level (DHPL)

107 dBA TWA107 dBA TWA88, or 1046%, or 1046%

Must take actions required for noise Must take actions required for noise exposures exceeding PELexposures exceeding PEL

Dual hearing protection must be provided Dual hearing protection must be provided and worn if level and worn if level exceededexceeded

§ 62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment

Performance based standard, sampled for Performance based standard, sampled for entire shift - 8 hrs, 10 hrs, or 12 hrs (normal entire shift - 8 hrs, 10 hrs, or 12 hrs (normal work day).work day).

Mine operator must establish a Mine operator must establish a system of system of monitoring monitoring to ensure compliance with ruleto ensure compliance with rule

Operator must meet requirements specified Operator must meet requirements specified for determining miner’s noise dosefor determining miner’s noise dose

§ 62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment (cont.)

Cannot adjust for hearing protector wornCannot adjust for hearing protector worn

Must assess miner’s noise exposure over Must assess miner’s noise exposure over his/her full work shifthis/her full work shift

§ 62.110 Noise Exposure Assessment (cont.)

Miners and their representative have right to Miners and their representative have right to observe monitoring observe monitoring (no pay required)(no pay required)

Mine operator must notify miner of exposure at Mine operator must notify miner of exposure at or above AL, above PEL, and above DHPLor above AL, above PEL, and above DHPL

Notification must be in writing and given to Notification must be in writing and given to miner within 15 days of determinationminer within 15 days of determination

Copy must be kept as long as miner is exposed Copy must be kept as long as miner is exposed at or above AL, plus 6 monthsat or above AL, plus 6 months

§ 62.150 HearingConservation Program (HCP)

Miner must be enrolled if exposure at or Miner must be enrolled if exposure at or above action levelabove action level

HCP must include:HCP must include:

System of Monitoring 62.110System of Monitoring 62.110Hearing Protectors 62.160Hearing Protectors 62.160Audiometric Testing 62.170 - 62.175Audiometric Testing 62.170 - 62.175Training 62.180Training 62.180Recordkeeping 62.190Recordkeeping 62.190

§ 62.160 Hearing Protectors

Mine operator must provide to miners Mine operator must provide to miners whose exposure equals or exceeds ALwhose exposure equals or exceeds AL

Miner must wear at or above AL when:Miner must wear at or above AL when:- STS found; or,- STS found; or,- more than 6 mo. before miner can- more than 6 mo. before miner can receive baseline audiogram receive baseline audiogram

Miner must wear above PEL & DHPLMiner must wear above PEL & DHPL

§ 62.160 Hearing Protectors (cont.)

Mine operator must provide a selection of HPs Mine operator must provide a selection of HPs including at least two muff and two plug typesincluding at least two muff and two plug types

Must ensure HP is fitted, in good condition, & Must ensure HP is fitted, in good condition, & maintained per manufacturer’s instructionsmaintained per manufacturer’s instructions

Provide replacements at no cost to minerProvide replacements at no cost to miner

Permit additional selection when medical Permit additional selection when medical pathology warrantspathology warrants

§ 62.180 Training

Within 30 days of enrollment in HCP, and Within 30 days of enrollment in HCP, and every 12 months thereafter, miner must be every 12 months thereafter, miner must be trained in:trained in:

effects of noise on hearingeffects of noise on hearing purpose and value of wearing HPspurpose and value of wearing HPs advantages/disadvantages of HPsadvantages/disadvantages of HPs care, fitting and use of HPscare, fitting and use of HPs general requirements of Part 62general requirements of Part 62 operator/miner responsibilities re. Controlsoperator/miner responsibilities re. Controls purpose and value of audiometric testingpurpose and value of audiometric testing

§ 62.170 Audiometric Testing

Provided at no cost to the minerProvided at no cost to the miner

Voluntary on part of minerVoluntary on part of miner

Audiometric tests to be conducted by Audiometric tests to be conducted by a physiciana physician an audiologist an audiologist a qualified technician under direction of a qualified technician under direction of

physician or audiologistphysician or audiologist

§ 62.170 Audiometric Testing (cont.)

Must be offered to each miner enrolled in HCPMust be offered to each miner enrolled in HCP (may use existing audiogram if it meets 62.171)(may use existing audiogram if it meets 62.171)

Baseline audiogramBaseline audiogram offered and provided within 6 offered and provided within 6 mo. of enrollment in HCP mo. of enrollment in HCP (12 mo. if mobile test van (12 mo. if mobile test van used)used)

Quiet periodQuiet period - No workplace noise exposure for - No workplace noise exposure for 14 hours prior to baseline audiogram14 hours prior to baseline audiogram

May substitute hearing protection for quiet periodMay substitute hearing protection for quiet period

§ 62.170 Audiometric Testing (cont.)

Annual audiogramAnnual audiogram - must be offered every - must be offered every 12 mo. for as long as miner in HCP12 mo. for as long as miner in HCP

Annual audiogram must be deemed a Annual audiogram must be deemed a revised baseline when:revised baseline when: Standard Threshold Shift (STS)Standard Threshold Shift (STS) is permanent, is permanent,

oror significant improvement in hearing over significant improvement in hearing over

baseline audiogrambaseline audiogram

§ 62.171 Audiometric Test Procedures

Mine operator must compile an Mine operator must compile an audiometric test recordaudiometric test record for each for each miner tested, including:miner tested, including:

– name and job classification of miner name and job classification of miner – copy of all miner’s audiograms copy of all miner’s audiograms – evidence audiograms conducted using evidence audiograms conducted using

scientifically valid proceduresscientifically valid procedures– any exposure determinations under 62.110any exposure determinations under 62.110– results of follow-up exams results of follow-up exams (if any)(if any)

§ 62.171 Audiometric Test Procedures (cont.)

Mine operator must maintain Mine operator must maintain audiometric test record for the duration audiometric test record for the duration of the miner’s employment, plus at least of the miner’s employment, plus at least 6 months6 months

Must make records available to Must make records available to authorized representative of the authorized representative of the SecretarySecretary

§ 62.172 Evaluation of Audiograms

Mine operator mustMine operator must inform audiogram evaluator of Part 62 inform audiogram evaluator of Part 62

requirements and provide test recordsrequirements and provide test records have physician, etc. determine have physician, etc. determine

audiogram’s is validaudiogram’s is valid determine occurrence of STS determine occurrence of STS (10 dB(10 dB shift)shift)

or reportable hearing loss or reportable hearing loss (25 dB shift)(25 dB shift) obtain results/interpretation within 30 obtain results/interpretation within 30

daysdays

§ 62.172 Evaluation of Audiogram (cont.)

Mine operatorMine operator shallshall have retest conducted within 30 days have retest conducted within 30 days

when audiogram is invalidwhen audiogram is invalid maymay have retest conducted within 30 days have retest conducted within 30 days

to confirm STS or reportable loss and may to confirm STS or reportable loss and may use retest as the annual audiogramuse retest as the annual audiogram

maymay have results adjusted for have results adjusted for aging,aging, tables tables and procedures providedand procedures provided

adjustment for aging must be applied to adjustment for aging must be applied to both baseline and annual audiogramsboth baseline and annual audiograms

§ 62.173 Follow-up Evaluation when an Audiogram is Invalid

If a valid audiogram cannot be obtained If a valid audiogram cannot be obtained due to suspected medical pathology due to suspected medical pathology caused or aggravated by noise exposure caused or aggravated by noise exposure or wearing HPs, operator shall:or wearing HPs, operator shall: refer miner for clinical evaluationrefer miner for clinical evaluation instruct evaluator to inform miner of instruct evaluator to inform miner of

resultsresults instruct evaluator of confidentialityinstruct evaluator of confidentiality

§ 62.174 Follow-up Corrective Measures

Within 30 days of confirmed STS Within 30 days of confirmed STS operator must:operator must: retrain the miner per 62.180retrain the miner per 62.180 allow selection of a new or different HPallow selection of a new or different HP review effectiveness of engineering review effectiveness of engineering

and/or administrative controls to and/or administrative controls to identify and correct any deficienciesidentify and correct any deficiencies

§ 62.175 Notification of Results; reporting requirements

Within 10 days of receiving audiogram or Within 10 days of receiving audiogram or follow-up results, operator mustfollow-up results, operator must notify miner in notify miner in writing of:writing of:- results including STS or a reportable loss- the need and reason for any further testing or evaluation

Reportable hearing loss - must be reported to MSHA under 30 CFR Part 50

§ 62.180 Training

effects of noise on hearingeffects of noise on hearing purpose and value of wearing HPpurpose and value of wearing HP advantages/disadvantages of HPadvantages/disadvantages of HP care, fitting and use of HPcare, fitting and use of HP operator/miner responsibilities operator/miner responsibilities

regarding controlsregarding controls purpose and value of audiometric testingpurpose and value of audiometric testing

The 4 “P’s” of occupational hearing loss: It’s permanent, painless, progressive and preventable.

§ 62.190 Records

Mine operator must provide access to Mine operator must provide access to authorized representatives of Secretaries of authorized representatives of Secretaries of Dept. of Labor and Dept. of Health and Dept. of Labor and Dept. of Health and Human Services for all records required Human Services for all records required under Part 62under Part 62

§ 62.190 Records (cont.)

Mine operator must within 15 days of Mine operator must within 15 days of written request:written request:– provide access to miner or miner’s designee provide access to miner or miner’s designee

(with written consent) for all records (with written consent) for all records maintained under Part 62 for that minermaintained under Part 62 for that miner

– provide access to miners’ representative provide access to miners’ representative designated under Part 40 for designated under Part 40 for training training recordsrecords or or notice of exposure determinationnotice of exposure determination

– provide access to former miner, for records provide access to former miner, for records which indicate his or her own exposurewhich indicate his or her own exposure

§ 62.190 Records (cont.)

When a person with access to When a person with access to records requests a copy of a record, records requests a copy of a record, the first copy will be at no cost to the first copy will be at no cost to that person, and any additional that person, and any additional copies requested must be provided copies requested must be provided at reasonable costat reasonable cost

§ 62.190 Records (cont.)

When ceasing business, mine operator When ceasing business, mine operator must transfer records to successor must transfer records to successor operatoroperator

Successor operator must receive and Successor operator must receive and maintain records per standardmaintain records per standard

Successor operator shall use baseline, or Successor operator shall use baseline, or revised baseline audiograms obtained by revised baseline audiograms obtained by original operator to determine STS or original operator to determine STS or reportable hearing lossreportable hearing loss

RESPIRABLE DUST

BLACK LUNG –

Long periods of time, a miner who is exposed to respirable coal dust suspended in the air can develop diseases.

Only detected by X-rays.

Takes about 15 years for disease to progress to a point that permits diagnosis.

RESPIRABLE DUST

QUARTZ –

Silicosis – Dust consumption, miner’s asthma.

It is the type that claims the largest number of victims.

“Rock” dust in the air.

DUST CONTROL MEASURES

Two methods commonly used to control dust at its source.

Water

Calcium and watering of haulroads.

RESPIRATORY DEVICES

FACTS AND OBJECTIVES

30 CFR PART 47

HAZARD COMMUNICATION

Training RequirementsPhysical and Health Hazards of chemicalsHazCom program, Labeling Systems, MSDS’s, Obtaining hazard informationLocation and availability of written HazCom programWhere hazardous materials are locatedHow to detect and protect from hazardous chemical exposure

Hazard Determination You must...

Identify the chemicals at the mine.Determine if they can be a physical or health hazard. Physical Hazards can cause injuries. The

chemical may be a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, an organic peroxide, or an oxidizer. It may be flammable, explosive, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.

Health Hazards can cause illnesses. The effects may be acute (of short duration) where symptoms often appear immediately, or chronic (of persistent duration) where symptoms usually appear after some time.

Our HazCom Program Includes:

General Company Policy

Hazard Determination

Labeling

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS’s)

Training

Chemical Lists

Contractor Work

Basics of Warning Labels

A label is a notice affixed to a container that provides information about the contents inside the container.

When the contents of the container are classified as a hazardous substance a label should be provided.

Basic Information on a Warning Label

The name of the chemical substance in the container that can be cross referenced to an MSDS.A hazard warning that describes the physical and health hazards of the substance in the container.The name, address and phone number of the manufacturer.

Physical and Health Hazard InformationA common form of

listing physical and health hazards involves the use of a color scheme: Red - Fire Hazard Blue - Health Hazard Yellow - Reactivity

Hazard White - Special

Hazard Directions

There is a numerical rating system for each category to describe the

degree of seriousness.Zero (0) - Minimal Hazard

One (1) - Slight Hazard

Two (2) - Moderate Hazard

Three (3) - Serious Hazard

Four (4) - Extreme Hazard

Chemical Labeling Systems

American National Standards Institute

ANSI Z129.1

Precautionary Labeling for Hazardous Materials

RED

YELLOW

WHITE

BLUE

OXY - OXIDIZERACID - ACIDICALK - ALKALICORR - CORROSIVEW - USE NO WATER - RADIATION HAZARD

4 - DEADLY3 - EXTREMELY DANGEROUS2 - HAZARDOUS1 - SLIGHT HAZARD0 - NO HAZARD

4 - BELOW 73 F3 - BELOW 100 F2 - BELOW 200 F1 - ABOVE 200 F0 - WON’T BURN

REACTIVITY4 - MAY DETONATE3 - MAY DETONATE WITH SHOCK & HEAT2 - CHEMICAL CHANGE, MAY BE VIOLENT1 - UNSTABLE IF HEATED0 - STABLE

SPECIFIC HAZARD

HEALTH HAZARD FIRE HAZARD(FLASH POINTS)

Hazardous Material Code ID

Health Flammable Reactive

Recommended Protection

Susceptibility to Burning Susceptibility to Energy Release

4 Special full Protection suit and breathing apparatus must be worn

Very Flammable May detonate under normal conditions

3 Full protection suit and breathing apparatus should be worn

Ignites under normal temperature conditions

May detonate with shock or heat

2 Breathing apparatus with full face mask should be worn

Ignites with moderate heating

Violent chemical change but does not

detonate

1 Breathing apparatus may be worn

Ignites when preheated

No stable if heated use precautions

0 No precautions necessary

Will not ignite Normally stable

Chemical Labeling Systems

Chemical labeling is most effective when used in conjunction with: - Material Safety Data Sheets- Training on Safe Handling of Chemicals - and HazCom!

What is a Material Safety Data Sheet?

The MSDS is a detailed information bulletin prepared by the manufacturer or importer of a chemical that describes the physical and chemical properties, physical and health hazards, routes of exposure, precautions for safe handling and use, emergency and first-aid procedures, and control measures.

What to Do?

If you get into a chemical substance and you do not know what to do, contact plant operator giving them the product name information.Master MSDS sheets are filed by product name not manufacturer.They can guide you or your co-worker through the treatment.

Health and Safety Aspects of Tasks.Working inside the plant; Working off extension ladders, man lifts, or

above heights greater than 6-feet. Safety harness and lanyards.

Electric Hands tools and extensions cords. No locking device for trigger

1st floor ceiling nuclear gauges. Safe unless they fall off ceiling, exit building.

Removing guards Equipment locked out from movement and plant

operator notified. Working on electrical equipment.

Locked out and tagged at MCC room. Hazardous chemicals.

Master file for MSDS sheets.

Operating EquipmentPre-Operational checksBack up hornsHave mirrors adjusted and cleanAudible hornWear Seat beltsProper working brakesDrive according to the conditions of the roadwayBe a defensive driver. Any item that affects the safe operation of the equipment must be removed from serviceOverhead power lines.

This shows a 6 foot person on each side, and in front of a large haul truck.

The operator looking out the right side will not see a person closer than 70’, less than 9’ out the left side, and less than 40’ in front of the truck.

The operator looking out the right side will not see the ground closer than 105’, less than 16’ out the left side, and less than 62’ in front of the truck.

The black pick-up is parked about 65’ in front of the haul truck. If it was about 6’ closer the operator probably would not be able to see it.

Backing to Slope EdgeBacking to Slope Edge

Back square to edge if possible.

If at an angle, drivers side first.

Primarily use mirrors on drivers side.

Dozer OperationPre-operational checks.

No walking on stockpile above a reclaiming operation.

Communication very important.

SCSR’s provided.

E-stop provided for feeders.

Stockpile work most dangerous.

Close Calls

Dozer operator traveled across a feeder to do some clean up work.

As he traveled back across he noticed the indicator light on that showed the feeder running.

The dozer fell into the hole.

Close Call Incident

Plant using 2 feeders. Plant opr. increased the flow to one of the feeders.

The dozer opr. was pushing coal away to allow for more coal storage.

The dozer fell into the #4 feeder backwords

Close Calls

Dozer was being operated over the No. 3 feeder on the raw coal pile when the coal underneath the dozer collapsed. The dozer sank backwards and was engulfed in the void of the feeder.

Best PracticesKnow associated dangers.Indicate location of feeder pointsEstablish system of communications.Never push coal into an active feeder until a cone begins to form on the surface of the pile and always push perpendicular to the cone.If cone does not appear on a operating feeder, take corrective action to eliminate the void.High strength glass or guards over windows.Know the approximate diameter of a possible void verses height of the coal.Have a operational cap lamp in cab and SCSR.

SCSR’s

Donning Technique for Dozer Operators

seal damage

60 minutes

dailydo not

remove

25 feet once

none kept

blue

10 years

comes before smoke

remove before donning

foot

on

strap

5 - 6 hours

open & activate,mouthpiece , noseclip

THE 3 + 3 DONNING PROCEDUREKNEEL & LOOP

3 CRITICAL STEPS3 SECONDARY STEPS

DAILY CHECKSCOLOR DOTS

SEAL AREAS FOR DAMAGEPHYSICAL CONDITION (STRAP)

90 DAY SHAKE TEST

Performed to detect any movementof solids within the CSE SR-100

1) Remove unit from storage box and place on lap.2) Turn on caplight, flashlight or dome light.3) Unlatch band by pulling strap, remove top & bottom lids.4) Loop neck strap over head.5) Unfold breathing bag and locate orange tab.6) Pull tab to rotate lever thru 90 degrees and puncture small oxygen cylinder to initially inflate bag.7) Immediately remove mouth plug, insert mouthpiece, and exhale through mouthpiece into unit.8) Apply the nose clip and breath normally.9) Adjust the neck strap.10) Put on the goggles11) Clip on waist strap.12) Breath through unit until rescue, if needed another SCSR Is provided for additional time.

A CONVEYOR TRAVELING 600 FPM IS 6.8 MPH, OR 10 FPS. SINCE THE AVERAGE

REACTION TIME IS 1/2 SECOND, A PERSON WOULD BE PULLED INTO THE MOVING BELT 5 FEET BEFORE THEY

WOULD START TO REACT!•Pull Cords along entire length of belt.•Stop/Start Control Flag System – Explain•Warning on Start Up•Proper Method of Working on Belts - Explain

MSHA Law

Surface

Certified Person

Certain examinations and tests are required to be made by a certified person.

Who are certified persons; Person holding a state surface foreman papers. Who is qualified by MSHA

Methane Examinations

Once during the each operating shift.Immediately prior to any repair work in which welding or an open flame is used, or a spark may be produced.Draw-off-tunnels of the raw and clean coal.1% or more, adjustments to the air must be made at once.

What you need to know about CH4

Methane is lighter than air.

Specific gravity is .555

Found near top in draw off tunnels, bins or confined spaces.

Methane is explosive between 5-15%.

Will it ignite at a lower percentage?

When are you required to examine for CH4?

What do you do if a certain % is found?

102 LED METHANE DETECTOR

CHECKS DOWN OUTSIDE BEFORE TAKING UNDERGROUND

VISUAL EXAMINATIONBATTERY CHECK (3.4) OR MOREELECTRICAL ZERO CHECK (0.0 OR 0.1)

WHOLE NUMBERS

DECIBEL

TENTHS

CHARGING JACK

ELECTRICAL ZERO AND TEST BUTTON

ELECTRICAL ZERO TEST

METHANE SENSOR

HOLD BOTH BUTTONS AT SAME TIME FOR BATTERY CHECK

BATTERY TEST

COAL DUST

COAL DUST must not be allowed to accumulate to dangerous amounts.

Coal dust in the air of, or in, or on the surfaces of, structures, enclosures, or other facilities.

OVERHEAD HOISTING

Overhead repairs are being made, adequate protection shall be provided.For persons working or passing below this above area.Method we will use:Chains strung across opening with danger

signs.Remove after use.

Hoisting of Materials

Hitches and slings suitable for handling the type of materials being hoisted.

People shall stay clear of hoisted loads.

Taglines shall be attached to hoisted material that require steadying or guidance.

WALKWAYS

Safe means of access shall be provided and maintained to all working places.Clear of material and other stumbling or slipping hazards.Inclined areas – Nonskid material or equipped with cleats.Kept clear of snow, ice, salted, sanded ASAP.Provided with handrails and where necessary toe boards.Crossovers or unders provided to cross conveyors.

LADDERS

Maintained in good condition.

Wooden members of ladders not painted.

Fixed location vertical ladders – Provided with back guards.

Not allowed to incline backwards.

Anchored securely.

ILLUMINATION

Adequate sufficient lighting to be provided in and on all surface:

pathways,

structures,

stairways,

switch panels,

loading and dumping sites,

working areas.

Storage of Materials

Shall be stored and stacked in a manner to

Minimize stumbling or fall-of-material hazards.

Materials that can create hazards if the material was spilled be minimize the danger.

Hazardous materials stored in containers approved and labeled.

Storage of Materials

Compressed and liquid gas cylinders shall be stored in safe manner.

Valves on compressed gas cylinders shall be protected by covers when being transported or stored, and

By a safe location when the cylinders are in use.

Surge and storage piles

No person shall be permitted to walk or stand immediately above a reclaiming area or in any other area at or near a surge or storage pile where the reclaiming operation may expose him to a hazard.

Draw-Off-Tunnels

Ventilated.

Methane below 1%

Use of fans if needed.

Provided with escapeways.

Keep cleaned.

Safeguards/Mech. Equip.

Gears, sprockets, chains, drive, head, tail and take-up pulleys, flywheels, couplings, shafts, saw blades, fan inlets, and similar exposed moving machine parts.Overhead belts guarded if whipping action could be hazardous to people below.Guards on specific areas of belts extend a distance to prevent a person reaching behind.Guards shall be secured in place being operated.

Stationary Grinding Machines

Peripheral hoods capable of withstanding the force of a bursting wheel.

Adjustable tool rests set as close as practical to the wheel.

Safety washers

Grinding wheels according to specifications

Face shields or goggles worn when operating the grinding wheel.

Hand-held power tools

Be equipped with controls requiring constant hand or finger pressure to operate the tools or shall be equipped with friction or other equivalent safety devices.

Required grounding if not double insulated.

Machinery/Equip Operation and Maintenance

Safe operating condition

If unsafe, removed from service immediately

Section 77.404

Repairs, Maintenance not performed until the power is off and machinery is blocked against motion.

Not lubricated while in motion where a hazard exists, unless equipped with extended fittings.

Performing work raised position

Not permitted to work on or from a piece of mobile equipment in a raised position until it has been blocked in place securely.

No work under machinery or equipment that has been raised until securely blocked in position.

Welding Operations

Welding operations shall be shielded.

Well ventilated

Go over mine policy pertaining to surface.

Mobile Equipment Warning Devices

Mobile Equipment such as front-end loaders, forklifts, tractors, graders, and trucks.

Audible alarm when put in reverse.

Alarms shall be audible above surrounding noise levels.

Maintained in operational condition.

Strobe light – set up for reverse can be used at night.

Electrical - General

Power circuits and electric equipment shall be de-energized before work is done on such circuits and equipment;Except for trouble shooting.Inspected monthly by a Qualified Person.Insulated mats or other in place at switchboards and power control switches where shock hazard exist, such as fuse boxes, knife blade switches, and disconnect boxes.

High Voltage Power lines

Minimum vertical clearance.

Booms and masts be kept at least the min.

69-114,000 volts Min. 12 feet

115-229,000 volts Min. 15 feet

230-344,000 volts Min. 20 feet

345-499,000 volts Min. 25 feet

500,000 or more Min. 35 feet

ID of Equipment

Circuit breakers and disconnecting switches shall be labeled to show which units they control

Unless identification can be made readily by location.

FIRE PROTECTION

Fire fighting facilities and equipment shall be provided where fire hazards exists.

People instructed and trained annually in use.

Plan to follow in an event of a fire.

Waterlines provide 50 gpm at 50 psi.

Prep. Plant equipped with outlets on each floor and firehose water to reach all areas.

Fire Protection – Cont.

Provided with Fire extinguishers at:

Mobile equipment.

Permanent electrical installations.

Two fire extinguishers shall be provided at:

Liquid storage station;

Transfer pump of buried liquid storage tank;

Where welding, cutting is being performed.

Miscellaneous

Communications shall be provided for anyone working alone where a hazardous condition exists unless he/she can be heard, seen, or communicate.Provide emergency transportation.Provide first aid training.Provide first aid equipment.

Miscellaneous

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING WORN –

Welding or burning.

Working with chemicals.

Gloves where injury to the hand/fingers

Hard hat

Protective footwear.

Snug fitting clothing.

Protective Clothing

Safety belts and lines where danger exists of falling.2nd person tending the line if work required over bins, tanks, or other dangerous areas entered.Lifejackets or belts where danger of falling into water exists.Seatbelts in mobile equipment.

Protective Clothing

Different colored hardhat to indicate inexperienced – Red

Must be worn for a period of 1 year of experience on the surface.

BACK SAFETYBACK SAFETYLOCK IT INLOCK IT IN

Scope of the ProblemScope of the ProblemEight out of 10 Americans

will experience a painful back episode some time during their lifetime.

There are over 350,000 spinal surgeries performed every year for ruptured discs and related problems.

Back pain ranks 2nd only to upper respiratory infections in terms of lost work days for workers in the U.S.

Scope of ProblemScope of ProblemEvery day there are more

than 10 million Americans seeking relief from back related symptoms.

Annual price tag for loss productivity and disability due to back pain is estimated at 50-100 billion dollars. (Direct Costs)

Scope of ProblemScope of Problem Back pain has increased by 168%, 14

times faster than population growth.

Every 4.5 seconds someone in American industry incurs a back injury.

Average cost of medical care for each occurrence is 15,000 dollars.

Scope of ProblemScope of Problemo 50% of all back injuries are most

likely caused by improper lifting.o Men ages 25-35 are the most common

work group to develop back problems.o Up to 33% of all disabling work-

related injuries are back injuries.o Accounts for 40% of all worker’s

compensation costs.

Risk Factors for Back InjuryRisk Factors for Back Injury Lifting Improperly – Not lifting,

but improper lifting is the problem.

Sitting – Too long a period, poor posture, no low back support.

Smoking – People that smoke required back surgery 2-3 times more frequently than non-smokers. Smokers are at high risk for degenerative disk disease.

Risk Factors for Back InjuryRisk Factors for Back Injury

Poor Nutrition – To much fast food.

Stress – Tense muscles cause lack of flexibility.

Lack of Exercise/Fitness Program – Try 30 minutes of exercise 3-4 times a week. Don’t be a

“Couch Potato”

PhysiologyPhysiology Spine has three natural curves and

was intended to function in the upright position while sitting, lifting, pushing, pulling and lying down.

Everyone’s responsibility to care for themselves.

5 Reasons for 5 Reasons for Locking the Back InLocking the Back In

Prevent Damaged Discs Maintain low disc pressure Protect the ligament system Use back muscles properly Use Olympic model for lifting

What Should We Do?What Should We Do? Exercise by: Stretching what is

tight and strengthen what is weak.

Standing Back Bends Press-ups Knee to Chest Partial Sit-ups

(crunches)

What Can We Do?What Can We Do?

Proper Rest PositionsChoosing a BedErgonomicsStart Lifting Properly

Task AnalysisAccident Report AnalysisEquipment DesignKnow Your Physical Capacity

POSTUREPOSTURE

We must change poor posture It’s involved in every activity we perform;

Sitting

Bending

Lifting

Pushing

Pulling

Lying down

MUSCLESMUSCLES

Four layers of intertwining abdominal and back muscles.

Act as movers for the spine. Protects and stabilizes it. Locking in the back draws on

these back and abdominal muscles to help lock the spine.

MUSCLESMUSCLES They are movers and stabilizers. Assists in blood movement. Heating the body. FATIGUE: Increased probability of

having an injury occurs. Muscle fatigue while doing

repetitive tasks Lack of rest for the muscles What we eat feeds our muscles?

NERVESNERVESRadiate from the

spinal column.Will be compressed by

bulged discs.Typically will cause pain

radiating down the legs (lumbar damage), or neck and shoulder pain (cervical damage) .

May cause muscle spasms.

VERTEBRAEVERTEBRAE Function of support and

protection. Supports the head and trunk Allows movement in three

planes of motion through a system of;

Muscles

Levers (bones)

Joints

Ligaments

VERTEBRAEVERTEBRAE

PROTECTS:Spinal CordNerve RootsBlood VesselsAbsorbs stress

& shockAttachment for

the discs

VERTEBRAEVERTEBRAE

7 cervical – neck region – allows a great deal of motion.

12 thoracic – middle back – as they descend little motion occurs because of rib attachment.

5 lumbar – largest of the vertebrae – little motion.

1 sacrum – acts as a solid base for spine to sit upon.

BACK LIGAMENTBACK LIGAMENT

Runs the entire length of the spine.

Covers back of the spine.

Thins as it descends to thread-like.

At normal position with the three curves.

Concentration of nerve fibers making it sensitive to being stretched or added pressure put on it.

FRONT LIGAMENT

Runs entire front of the spine.

Thick and powerful ligament.

Reinforces the front wall of the disc.

Weak stomach muscles put extra load on the ligament (pot belly).

DiscDisc

• Cartilage RingsCartilage Rings• Jelly fluid center.Jelly fluid center.• Disc is a shock Disc is a shock

absorberabsorber• Allows movement Allows movement

in the spine.in the spine.• Slipped disc’s do Slipped disc’s do

not occur – not occur – they bulge they bulge (herniation), (herniation), leak (rupture) leak (rupture) or compress.or compress.

So What Does Happen?So What Does Happen?

Too much time of improper sitting, lifting, bending, pushing, not exercising properly.

Develops small tears in the wall surrounding discs.

Slight bulge Continue – possible herniation Fluid escapes - Ruptured disc.

How To LiftHow To Lift Get close to load. Use the diagonal lift – one foot in front

of the other, separated about shoulder width.

Lock the back in using your back and stomach muscles

Lift head and look straight ahead. Push the load up with the hips and

legs. Get rid of the load as soon as possible.