Expenditure Analysis for Arkansas Adequacy Study – Overview of Findings
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Transcript of Expenditure Analysis for Arkansas Adequacy Study – Overview of Findings
Expenditure Analysis for Arkansas Adequacy Study –
Overview of Findings
Prepared for the January 16, 2007 Meeting of theSenate and House
Education Committee
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, Office for Education Policy
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 2
Purpose of June ReportSources and Uses of Education $$ in AR
• The level of various types of revenue and the extent to which these have increased since implementation of Act 59 in Special Session of 2003
• The equity/distribution of school resources before and after Act 59 (by reviewing district expenditures for various types of districts)
• The expenditures by function before and after Act 59
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 3
Ten Guiding Questions
1. Total $$$ in 04-05
2. Increase from 03-04 to 04-05
3. Equity in 04-05
4. Resources linked to wealth?
5. Resources linked to poverty?
6. Resources linked to race?
7. Resources linked to district size?
8. Resources linked to struggling students?
9. Salaries increase?
10. Composition of Expenditures?
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 4
Question 1: How much money was in the AR education system in 2004-05?
State Rev (foundation), $3,834 , 43%
State Rev (capital), $39 ,
0%
State Rev (other), $440 ,
5%
Local Rev ( > 25 mills), $845 ,
9%
Other Revenue, $684 , 8%
Federal Revenue,
$1,049 , 12%
Local Rev (required 25
mills), $1,591 , 18%
State Rev (categorical),
$422 , 5%
Total Revenue = $8,902
Foundation = $5,425
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 5
Question 1: How much money was in the AR education system in 2004-05?
• Local Revenue increased 9%• Total State Revenue increased 24%
• Categorical Revenue increased from $50 per student to $400 per student
• Total Revenue increased 16%
• Current Expenditures increased 12%
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 6
Question 2: How much have revenues grown from 2003-04 to 2004-05?
Revenue Source
2003-04Revenue Per
Pupil
2004-05Revenue Per
Pupil % Change
State Revenue (foundation) $3,237 $3,834 18%
Local Revenue (required 25 mills) $1,518 $1,591 5%
Total Foundation Revenue $4,755 $5,424 14%
State Revenue (categorical) $49 $422 761%
State Rev. (other) $442 $440 -0.5%
State Rev. (capital) $82 $39 -52%
Local Rev. (local tax > 25 mills) $727 $845 16%
Federal Revenue $1,000 $1,049 5%
Other Revenue $642 $684 7%
Total Revenue $7,696 $8,902 16%
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 7
Question 3: Has the distribution of funding become more equitable?
Equity Statistic 2003-04 2004-05
Coefficient of Variation0.08 0.07
McLoone Index0.95 0.95
Federal Range Ratio0.34 0.29
Fiscal Neutrality Correlation Coefficient0.60 0.51
Fiscal Neutrality Wealth Elasticity0.16 0.13
Education Trust Composite Score-$143 -$116
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 8
Question 4: Are resources linked to property wealth?
$6,860
$6,134
$6,743
$7,484
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
Property Wealth Deciles (1= lowest wealth; 10 = highest wealth)
Cu
rren
t E
xpen
dit
ure
s (w
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t tr
ansp
ort
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n)
.
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 B
Low Wealth High Wealth
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 9
27% NSLA 87% NSLA
Question 5: Are resources linked to student poverty?
$7,076
$5,771
$6,457
$8,166
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
$5,500
$6,000
$6,500
$7,000
$7,500
$8,000
$8,500
$9,000
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
Percentage of NSLA Student Deciles (1= lowest %; 10 = highest %)
Cu
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2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 B
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 10
Main Findings: Are disadvantaged districts receiving more resources?
• Assessed Valuation expenditures:
• Lowest wealth districts increased by 22%
• Highest wealth districts increased by 10%
• NSLA expenditures:
• Lowest poverty districts increased by 19%
• Highest poverty districts increased by 23%
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 11
Question 6: Are resources linked to student race?
68 - 87% non-white
$6,868
$6,031
$6,809
$7,878
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
$5,500
$6,000
$6,500
$7,000
$7,500
$8,000
$8,500
$9,000
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
Percentage of Nonwhite Student Deciles (1= lowest %; 10 = highest %)
Cu
rren
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xpen
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ansp
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n)
.
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 B
1.5 - 3.5% non-white
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 12
Question 7: Are resources linked to district size?
375 enrollment 7,800 enrollment
$6,672
$6,844
$7,836
$7,491
$4,000
$4,500
$5,000
$5,500
$6,000
$6,500
$7,000
$7,500
$8,000
$8,500
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
District Size Deciles (1= lowest ADM; 10 = highest ADM)
Cu
rren
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xpen
dit
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s (w
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ansp
ort
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n)
.
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 B
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 13
Main Findings: How did spending change in “small” districts (fewer than 500 pupils) before and after Act 59?
• Current Expenditures 2003-04 = $6,294• Current Expenditures 2004-05 = $7,516
• Change in Expenditures from 2003-04 to 2004-05 = +$1,222
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 14
Question 8: Are resources targeted to struggling students?
27% Pro+Adv 67% Pro+Adv
$6,092$6,905
$7,895
$6,774
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
Student Performance Deciles (1= lowest % of proficient students; 10 = highest % of proficient students)
Cu
rren
t E
xpen
dit
ure
s (w
ith
ou
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ansp
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n)
.
2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 B
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 15
Question 9: How have teacher salaries changed?
• New Teachers’ Salaries• New teacher salary 2003-04 = $27,380• New teacher salary 2004-05 = $30,070
• Average Teachers’ Salaries (slide 23)
• Average teacher salary 2003-04 = $39,409• Average teacher salary 2004-05 = $41,489
• Types of Districts with Salary Changes • Small Districts (10% in smallest, 5% overall)
• Poor Districts (7% in poorest, 5% overall)
+10%
+5%
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 16
Question 10: How has composition of spending changed?
62%
4%
4%
5%
5%
10%
4%6%
62%
5%
4%
5%
5%
9%
4% 6%
Instruction
Instructional Support
Pupil Support
Site Administration
CentralAdministration
Maintenance &Operations
Transportation
Food & Other
2003-04 2004-05
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 17
Summary Thoughts
• Substantial additional resources have been provided to Arkansas’ schools • Targeted to poor schools• Targeted to small schools• Targeted to high-minority schools
• The question remains – How can we use these additional resources
to adequately and equitably educate students across the state?
Gary Ritter and Joshua Barnett, UA OEP, Slide 18
How to Contact Us
Gary W. Ritter
201 Graduate Education Building
University of Arkansas
Fayetteville, AR 72701
479-575-4971