Exodus

ExodusGod Delivers Israel from Egyptian Captivity

Introduction to the Book of Exodus

The title of the Book of ExodusHebrew – “And these are the names”LXX (Septuagint) – going out or going forth

Writer of ExodusMoses

Two main parts of ExodusThe Israelites in Egyptian bondage (1:1-12:36)The Israelites in the desert (12:37-40:38)


Beginning and ending point of the bookBegins with Israelites in Egyptian bondageEnds with the building of the tabernacle

Main outline of the bookThe Hebrews in Egypt (1:1- 12:36)

The Egyptian bondage (Ch. 1)The preparation of Moses (Chs. 2-4)The struggle with Pharaoh (Chs. 5-11)The Passover (12:1-36)


Main outline of the bookThe Hebrews from Egypt to Sinai (12:37-18)

The exodus (12:37 - 15:21)The journey to Sinai (15:22-ch 17)The visit of Jethro (Ch. 18)

The Hebrews at Sinai (Chs. 19 - 40)The law given (Chs. 19-24)The pattern of the tabernacle given (Chs. 25-31)The idolatry of the people (Chs. 32-34)The construction of the tabernacle (Chs. 35-40)


Waldemar Janzen, The Believers Church Bible Commentary, Exodus


Theme of the book of Exodus - God’s deliverance and maturing of Israel as the covenant people of the one true God

The Exodus is the central event in Jewish history as God’s covenant people governed by the Torah (Law)

Exodus from Egypt

Egypt Promised Land


Teachings of the book of ExodusTeach people who God isTeach people that God is greater than any gods invented by people (18:11)Live by faith in the one GodGod gives people direction on how to live and worship


Timeline of the Book of Exodus - Early Date1527 BC - Moses born1487 BC - Moses flees Egypt at age 401447 BC - Moses returns to Egypt at age 80 (Ex. 7:7)1447 BC - Plagues occur within a years time


Timeline of the Book of Exodus - Early Date1446 BC - Exodus

Exodus dated by Passover 14th day of 1st month (Ex. 12:2, 6, 18)Entered desert of Sin on 15th day of the 2nd month (Ex. 16:1)Tabernacle erected on the 1st day of the 1st month of the 2nd year (1445 B.C.)Arrive at Kadesh-barnea - Num. 20:1 (1444)

Wilderness wandering (1448-1406)Plains of Moab - Moses address - Deut. 1:3, 5 (1406)

Book of Exodus Historical Background

Historical Situation (Early Date)The descendents of Jacob/Israel multiplied and were oppressed by Pharaohs after Joseph’s time who “knew not Joseph”

Hyksos (non-Egyptians – Semetic) dynasty may have oppressed themAmenhotep I (1559-1539), Thutmose I (1539-1514),Thutmose II, Queen Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, and Amenhotep II (1447-1421) continued the oppression

Moses was born about 1527 B.C.Pharaoh was Thutmose I (1539-1514 B.C.)

Book of Exodus Historical BackgroundHistorical Situation (Early Date)

Moses dates and Exodus timeHatshepsut, daughter of Thutmose I found Moses & was married to her brother, Thutmose IIShe became Pharaoh after Thutmose II (Queen Hatshepsut) Thutmose III (Hatshepsut’s step-brother) and ruled Egypt for almost fifty-four years, and his reign is usually dated from 1501-1447 B.C.

Moses fled during this timeMoses returns in 1447 BC with Amenhotep II (1447-1421) on the throneExodus occurs in 1446 B.C.

Book of Exodus Historical BackgroundPharaoh of the Exodus

Amenhotep II was probably thepharaoh of the exodus (1447-1421)

Dream Stela - Thutmose IV was successor to Amenhotep II but he was not the crown prince

According to Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, the young prince was out on a hunting trip and stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh.

This raise the question of what happen to the true successor to the throne – death of first-born plague

Relief of Amenhotep II

Book of Exodus Historical BackgroundPharaoh of the Exodus

Dream Stella - Thutmose IV was successor to Amenhotep II but he was not the crown prince

According to Thutmose's account on the Dream Stele, the young prince was out on a hunting trip and stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh.

This raise the question of what happen to the true successor to the throne – death of first-born plague?

Dream Stella

Book of Exodus Historical BackgroundLength of time in Egypt

430 years (Ex. 12:40) from time of Jacob's family moved to Egypt until the exodus (see also Gen. 15:13, 15).

Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years (Ex. 12:40)Some say 215 years due to Gal. 3:17 along with the LXX which gives the idea that Abraham’s entry and sojourn in Canaan are includedHowever probably should start from Joseph brings his family to Egypt about

Book of Exodus Historical BackgroundTime-line for Egyptian Captivity & Exodus

1915 Joseph (1915-1806) - Thirty years old when made second to Pharaoh (1885) - Brings family (1876)

1876 Egyptian Bondage - 430 years Ex. 12:30 (1876-1446) - Birth of Moses (1527)

1446 Exodus & Wilderness Wandering (1446-1406) - Mt. Sinai – giving of the law (1446) - Tabernacle erected (1445) - Arrive at Kadesh-barnea - Num. 20:1 (1444) - Wilderness wandering (1448-1406) - Plains of Moab - Moses address - Deut. 1:3, 5 (1406)

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian CaptivityEgyptian oppression of Israelites (1:1-22)

Sons of Jacob/Israel (1-7)All son of Jacob have diedThere descendents multiplied and filled the land

New Pharaoh oppresses the Israelites (8-14)He did not know JosephThere was fear of the number of Israelites

A fear they might join forces with enemies of EgyptDependent on Israelites as a work force• Put them to slave labor• Building storage cities in Pithom and Ramses in Goshen• Mainly making bricks and mortar

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian CaptivityEgyptian oppression of Israelites (1:1-22)

Pharaoh orders killing of male babies (15-22)Midwives told to kill baby boys when they are born

Refused because they feared GodPharaoh asks why they did not do it and was told the Hebrew women gave birth to fastGod blesses the midwives with families because they feared Him more the Pharaoh

Pharaoh commands that new born baby boys be cast into the Nile

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian CaptivityPreparation of Moses & God's Call to Deliver His People (2:1-4:31)

Birth and youth of Moses (2:1-10)Moses parents were from the tribe of Levi - Amram & JochebedThey hid Moses for 3 months then put him in a basket among the reeds on the bank of the NileMariam, Moses sister watched over him

Aaron was three years older than Moses (7:7)Mariam older than Aaron

Pharaoh's daughter discovers MosesMariam asks her if she wants someone to nurse the childPharaoh's daughter pays for the care of MosesMoses brought to Pharaoh's daughter when he grew olderNamed Moses because he was "drawn from water" name means son of waterScriptures about Moses' background in Egypt.Acts 7:22Heb. 11:23Pharoah's daughter may have been queen Halshepaut who ruled Egypt.


Birth and youth of Moses (2:1-10)Pharaoh's daughter discovers Moses

Mariam asks her if she wants someone to nurse the child

Pharaoh's daughter pays for the care of MosesMoses brought to Pharaoh's daughter when he grew olderName Moses means son of waterScriptures about Moses' background in Egypt

Acts 7:22Heb. 11:23


Moses flees to Midian (2:11-23)Observes the oppression of his people

Kills and Egyptian who was beating a HebrewTries to stop a fight between two Hebrews and finds out they know about the killing

Flees to Midian as Pharaoh is seeking his lifeAt a well Moses helps Reuel's daughters water their sheep as other shepherds were hindering themReuel’s daughters to invite Moses to their homeMoses stays with Reuel, marries daughter, ZipporahThey have a son named Gershom (a stranger there)


God remembers His covenant (2:23-25)King of Egypt who was seeking his life is deadIsraelites were crying out to be delivered (indicates they were ready for deliverance)God remember his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob


God calls of Moses (3:1-4:17)Moses father-in-law

Reuel = friend of GodJethro (Reuel's other name) = May be a title meaning "Highness."Priest of Midian

Moses was pasturing his father-in-laws sheep near Horeb, mountain of God, when he saw the burning bush

Horeb is a mountain range, a particular peak is SinaiBush was not consumed


God calls of Moses (3:1-4:17)God speaks from the burning bush

Tells Moses he is on holy groundTells Moses who he is, God of Abraham, Isaac and JacobTells him he is going to deliver His people as he had promisedWill take them to a land filled with milk and honeyTells Moses he is go to send him to deliver the people from Pharaoh


God calls of Moses (3:1-4:17)Moses objections to going to Egypt to deliver Israel

First, wants to know why he should be the one.• God's answer is He chose him and will be with him• God gave him a sign that they would worship at Mt.

Horeb where Moses was pasturing the sheep



Second objection was what name should I give to them for the God of their fathers (3:13-22)• God says "I Am" sent Moses.

• Emphasizes God's eternalness and self-existence• Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob sent me• Gather the elders of Israel and tell them I will bring them

out of Egypt to Land of the Canaanites, land of milk and honey

• God warns Moses that the elders will not listen to Moses



Second objection was what name should I give to them for the God of their fathers (3:13-22)• God tells Moses that he is to go to the king of Egypt and

say the "God of the Hebrews" says to let His people go three days journey in the wilderness to sacrifice

• God notes Pharaoh will need to be forced to let them go• God will use Pharaoh's stubbornness to show His power

and will let them go• The Israelites will not leave empty handed but with

silver, gold, clothing and plunder the Egyptians



Moses third objection was what if the Israelites do not believe him and say God has not really appeared to him (4:1-9)• Three signs given as proof

• Staff turn to a snake (Moses flees and picks up by tail)

• Hand turned to leprosy• Water from the Nile poured out will turn to blood



Moses fourth objection was he was a poor public speaker (4:10-17)• God note that he created the mouth and can do what he

wants with it and will teach Moses what to say• Moses wants out of the job• God tells him he will send Aaron, his brother with him

who is a good speaker• Moses is to take the staff to use to perform signs• Jewish tradition says that Moses was a stutterer


God Moses and Aaron preparing to go to Egypt (4:18-31)

Moses prepares to leaveMoses asks Jethro for leave to go to Egypt with his wife and sonGod give Moses some instructions• All who were seeking his life are dead• He will perform wonders but God will harden Pharaoh's

heart• Tell pharaoh that Israel is God's first born son• Tell pharaoh if he does not let them go God will kill his

first born son



Zipporah circumcises her son.• Throws the forskin at Moses and calls him the

"bridegroom of blood)• Did it because the Lord sought to kill him

• "Him" may be Moses of Gershom• Circumcision was a sign of the covenant

• God was displeased for lack of that sign• No covenant sign, no protection

• Zipporah seems to have returned home



Moses and Aaron meet at the mountain of GodMoses tells Aaron what God had told himMoses & Aaron assemble the elders of Israel & perform the signsPeople believed when they heard the Lord was concerned with their afflictions and they bowed down

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian CaptivityThe struggle with Pharaoh

Pharaoh intensifies the Israelites laborMoses and Aaron ask for the Israelites to go three days in the wilderness to worshipPharaoh refuses and increase their labor by making them gather their own strawForemen of the Israelites complain to Pharaoh who says it is their own peoples faultForemen complain to Moses for Pharaoh because of his harsher actions toward them


Moses’ and God’s discussion about Israelite situation (5:22-6:13)

Moses claims God has brought harm to the Israelites and not delivered them (5:22-23)God explains His plan to Moses

Pharaoh will be compelled to let the Israelites goGod will keep His covenant which he made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob

God, El Shaddai (God Almighty), Yahweh (Lord)

Moses tells Israelites God’s plans, they don’t listen because of despondency & cruel bondage (6:9)God sends Moses back to Pharaoh (6:12)


The generations of Ruben, Simeon & Levi (6:14-27)

Ruben’s descendentsSimeon’s descendentsLevi’s descendents

Gershon, Hohath and MerariFuture priestly familiesKohath – Amram (Moses father), Ishar, Hebron, UzzielAmram married his father’s sisterAaron and Moses born to AmramSons of Aaron – Nadab and Abihu, Eleazer, Ithamar

Genealogy for overview of priestly families


Moses before Pharaoh for release (6:28-7:13)Moses goes with Aaron as his “prophet” (6:28-7:7)

Message – let God’s people goPharaoh’s heart hardened to display the power of GodReasons for the miracles (plagues)

Israelites will know God (6:7; 10:2; 11:17)Egyptians will know God is Lord (Ruler) (7:5; 14:4, 18)Pharaoh will know the power of the one God (7:17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29)Show God is more powerful than the gods of Egypt (12:12)Convince the Israelites that Moses was sent by GodDisplay the power of God as above the Egyptian gods

Moses was 80 years old and Aaron 83 (7:7)


Moses before Pharaoh for release (6:28-7:13)

Moses’ miracle before Pharaoh (7:8-13)

Staff turns to a snake (tannin – crocodile?, not usual word for snake)Wisemen, sorcerers, and magicians to the sameAaron’s staff swallows the EgyptiansPharaoh’s hear was hardened


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Water to blood (7:14-25)

Moses has Aaron raise stretch his hand over water and it turns to bloodMagicians of Egypt were able to do the samePharaoh’s heart was hardened

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian godsKhnum – guardian of the NileHapi – Spirit of the NileOsiris – Nile was Osiris bloodstreamIsis – goddess of the Nile

Isis


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)God’s role in hardening Pharaoh’s heart is not till 6th plague (9:12)

Kabed (6 times) – heavy hearted, not receptive to outside influenceChzaq (12 times) – bullheadedQashah (1 time) – to be hard or difficult

Amenhotep II


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Frogs (8:1-15)

Aaron stretches hand over the streams and poolsMagicians able to do the same – o-boy more frogsPharaoh asks they be taken away tomorrow and then he will let the Israelites goPharaoh changes his mind and does not let them go

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Heqet – form of a frog, god of resurrection


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Lice/Gnats (8:16-19)

Strike the dust of the earthMagicians not able to do the same

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Set (Seth) – god of the desert

Magicians say this is "the finger of God"

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian Captivity

Miracle Egyptian God Challenged ScriptureBlood Hapi (Apis) – bull god, god of the

Isis – goddess of the Khnum – ram god, guardian of the Osiris – was bloodstream, goddess of fertility

7:14-25

Frogs Heqt – goddess of birth with a frog head

8:1-15

Gnats (Lice) Set – god of the desert 8:16-19

First three plagues on Egypt

Survey of Exodus – Egyptian CaptivityMiracle Egyptian God Challenged Scripture

Flies Re – sun god, possibly represented by the fly 8:20-32Livestock Disease Apis – bull god, symbol of fertility

Hathor – mother-goddess with cow headMnevis – sacred bull of Heliopolis

9:1-7

Boils Isis – goddess of healing and lifeSekhmet – goddess with power over diseaseSunu – god of pestilence

9:8-12

Hail Nut – the sky goddessOsiris – god of crops and fertilitySet – god of storms, protector of crops

9:13-35

Locust Osiris – god of crops and fertilitySet – god of storms, protector of crops

10:1-20

Darkness Atum – order of cosmos; Horus – sun godNut – sky god; Re – sun god

10:21-29

Death of 1st Born Heqt –goddess who attends women in childbirthIsis – goddess of healing & life (protects children)Min – god of reproduction; Pharaoh – god on earth

11:1-10


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Flies (8:20-32)

Swarms of insectsLand of Goshen did not experience the plague (23)Pharaoh says they can sacrifice in the land but Moses says God said three days so Pharaoh says to go

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Ra – sun god, possibly represented by the fly

After the plaque Pharaoh hardens his heart


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Plague on cattle (9:1-7)

Not on the cattle of the IsraelitesLivestock of the Egyptian's diePharaoh sent someone to check on the cattle of the Israelites and found they were all wellPharaoh hardens his heart

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Apis: bull of god Ptah; symbol of fertilityHathor: mother-godess; form of cowMnevis: sacred bull of Heliopolis

Hathor


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Boils (9:8-12)

Throw soot toward the skyEven the magicians had boilsLord hardened Pharaoh's heart

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Isis – goddess of healing and lifeSekhmet – goddess with power over diseaseSunu – god of pestilence

Isis & Horus Sekhment


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Hail (9:13-35)

Plague that they may know that "there is no one like Me in all the earth (14). Let them remain to show them his power, and in order to proclaim His name through all the earth (16).Some Egyptians revered the word of the Lord took cover - probably in January or early February when barley and flax are ripe.The land of Goshen was not hit with hailPharaoh said he had sinned (25)Pharaoh says they can go but after it stops Pharaoh "sins again" and hardens his heart (34)


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Hail (9:13-35)Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:

Nut: sky goddessIsis: goddess of lifeSeth: protector of the crops

Nut Seth


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Locust (10:1-20)

God explains why he hardened Pharaoh's heart• To perform signs among them• To tell their children and grandchildren of the great signs

God performed• So they may know that He is the Lord

God tells Moses and Aaron to ask Pharaoh how long he will refuse to humble himself before the LordServants of Pharaoh urge him to let them goPharaoh says the men can go but no one elseLocust brought by east wind (from desert) and eat what was left from the hail


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Locust (10:1-20)

Pharaoh says he's sinned and Just this once make supplication to the Lord on his behalfWest wind blows the locust into the Red SeaThe Lord hardens Pharaoh's heart

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Isis: goddess of lifeSeth: protector of cropsOsiris: god of crops and fertility


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Darkness – that can be felt (10:21-29)

Darkness for three days• May refer to a sand storm (Khamsin - blots out the light)

Israel had light in their landPharaoh says everyone may go but not the flocks and herds. Moses says they need the herds for sacrifices.God hardens Pharaoh's heart and Pharaoh threatens to kill Moses if he sees him again.Moses says he is right he will never see his face again.

Miracle opposed to the power of Egyptian gods:Re, Aten, Atum, Horus, Nut: all sun gods of some kind


God’s ten miracles or plagues (7:14-12:36)Death of the firstborn & Passover (11:1-12:36)

God tells Moses what he is planning (11:1-10)• One more plague• Ask their neighbors for silver and gold• People found favor in the sight of the Egyptians• Moses was highly esteemed by Pharaoh’s servants and the

people• Pharaoh warned that the firstborn of every person and

animal will die at midnight• Pharaoh will not listen so wonders multiplied (11:9)• They will then bow down to God and let them leave



The Passover (12:1-36)• Instruction - Month will be the first month of the year (end

of March to beginning of April). On the tenth of the month take a lamb and keep it to the fourteenth of the month (per family or with neighbors). Kill it at twilight and put blood on the two door posts and lintel in which they shall roast it and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. After, they burn leftover, not left till morning. The are to eat it dressed as prepared to leave.



The Passover (12:1-36)• It is called the Lord's Passover – memorial to remember

God’s work in bring the Israelite out of captivity• Purpose stated: Against the gods of Egypt (12:12)• God will go through the land of Egypt that night strike

down the firstborn and against the gods of Egypt (12:12)• The blood will be a sign for God to Passover• Israelites as well as Egyptian could be saved if they blood

on their door posts• The Passover will be celebrated permanently



God institutes feast of unleavened bread (12:15-20)• Eat unleavened bread from the 14th to the 21st• Began on Passover day• No leaven bread to be eaten during this time• First and seventh day were "holy assembly" so no work but

food preparation to be done



Preparation for the Passover (12:21-28)• Get lambs and sprinkle the blood• This observance shall be forever even after entering the

promised land• Shall teach your children about its meaning when they ask• Lord will passover - destroyer strikes the firstborn of those

not having the blood (12:23)• People bowed low and worshipped and did as Moses and

Aaron commanded



The Events of Passover night (12:29-36)• First born from Pharaoh to cattle die (12:29-30)• Pharaoh summons Moses to tell him to go (31-36)• Pharaoh asks for a blessing (32)• They depart with unleavened bread• They depart gold and silver requested from the Egyptians

(plundered Egypt)

Survey of Exodus – The ExodusHebrews from Egypt to Sinai (12:37-18:27)

The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)Ramses to Succoth (12:37)

600,000 men on foot plus children and livestockEstimate about two million peopleLarge number of non-Israelites (37-42)

Had intermarriage occurred as in Joseph's caseAte unleavened bread


The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)Overview of Passover observance (12:40-51)

430 years in EgyptPassover night to celebrate God delivering them from EgyptPassover remembrance

Eat Passover meal dressed ready to goFirst born of every offspring is sanctified to God (first mention)Eat unleavened bread for seven days for the Feast of Unleavened Bread from 15th which is Passover to 21st dayTeach their children its meaningOnly circumcised could eat


The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)Sanctification of the first born (13:1-16)

Men and animal's first born are set aside for GodSanctified = set aside for a holy purposeFirst born son and donkey (unclean animal) are to be redeemedRedeemed - means something is bought in the place of the required sacrifice which is not an acceptable sacrificeThis is to continue in Canaan.


The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)The Red Sea via Eham and Pi Hahiroth (13:17 - 15:21)

Delivered by God through the Red Sea (13:17-14:31)Pharaoh thinks they are wandering or lost and trapped by the Red Sea in front of them• Took the bones of Joseph with them

God is guiding them with a pillar of cloud by day and pillar of fire by nightGod hardens Pharaoh's heart and he follows after them with chariots


The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)The Red Sea via Eham & Pi Hahiroth (13:17-15:21)

Israelites are afraid and complain that they will die in the wilderness (Ex. 14:11-14) – first complaintGod purpose here is to impress the Israelite and Egyptians as with the plagues so they would know God as the supreme deity (14:1-4).God's salvation• Cloud between them and Egyptians• Parting of the Red Sea (No width is mentioned by the

parting of the Jordan was about twenty miles wide)• Chariots confused and water closes on the Egyptians


The Exodus – 1446 early date (12:37-15:21)The Red Sea via Eham & Pi Hahiroth (13:17-15:21)

Israel saw the power of God• Believed the Lord and His servant Moses

Song of Moses about Israel's deliverance (15:1-18)Miriam the prophetess praises God (15:19-21)


The Journey to Sinai (15:22-18:27)Red Sea, Marah, to Elim (15:22-27)

In the wilderness for three days without finding waterArrive at Marah but the water is bitter (Marah = bitter)

Israelites grumble about the water (2nd complaint)God shows Moses a tree to put in the water and the water becomes sweetGod makes a statute with the children of Israel (15:26)• They are to listen to God• They are to do what is right in his sight• Listen to his commandments and keep his statutes• They will not suffer plagues like the Egyptians


The Journey to Sinai (15:22-18:27)Red Sea, Marah, to Elim (15:22-27)

Arrive at the oasis of ElimDetails of an eyewitness• Twelve springs• Seventy date palms


The Journey to Sinai (15:22-18:27)Elim to Rephidim (16:1-17:16)

Arrive in the wilderness of Sin (16:1-36)Arrived on the second month the 15th dayLocated between Elim and SinaiIsraelites grumble at the lack of food (2-3) 3rd • Desert area but probably not as arid as now• Grumbling said to be against God not Moses(8)



Arrive in the wilderness of Sin (16:1-36)God's provision for the Israelites• Quail in the evenings• Manna in the mornings

• Manna = What is it?• Wafer white like coriander with honey

• Pickup only enough Manna to eat for the day• Sixth day gather enough for the seventh• Not to save any to the next day (dependence on God)• When measured everyone had just the amount they

needed



Arrive in Rephidim (17:1-16)No water available so the Israelites grumble (4th)• Ask why Moses brought to the wilderness to die of thirst• Moses cries to God wondering if the people will stone him

God provides• Tells Moses to take the elders of the people of Israel and

strike a rock at Horeb• Water was provided

• Place called Massah (test) and Meribah (quarrel)• Tested God and quarrel of the Israelites



Defeat of the Amalekites (17:8-16)• Attacked by the Amalekites• Moses tells Joshua to choose some men to fight against

the Amalekites• Moses stations himself on a hill with Aaron and Hur. When

Moses held his hands up the Israelites would win. Moses became tired and sat down while Aaron and Hur supported his arms.

• Amalekites defeated in this battle• Moses told to write down in a book as a memorial

• Recite it to Joshua• God will blot out the Amalekites


The Journey to Sinai (15:22-18:27)Visit of Jethro (18:1-27)

Jethro visits Moses as they approach Mt. Sinai, Horeb range (18:1-12)

Brought Moses wife and sons with him• Second son - Eliezer (My God is help) - because God

delivered him from Pharaoh• First son recored earlier - Gershom (2:22)

Jethro praises God as greater than all gods and offers a sacrifice (18:9-11)


The Journey to Sinai (15:22-18:27)Visit of Jethro (18:1-27)

Jethro advises Moses to a new organization for judging cases (18:13-27)

Moses is handling all disputes, Jethro says he will be worn out if he continues, suggests dividing the work• Teach them God's decrees and laws• Choose qualified men to handle minor disputes over 1000,

100, 50, 10• Qualifications: reverence God, trustworthy, hate dishonest

gain• Moses would handle the major disputes• Moses would remain the representative of the people

before God

Announcement Title

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Exodus

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Transcript of Exodus