Exo Terminal Corection

8/9/2019 Exo Terminal Corection

1/28

- :

: - 1

. -)dRe/Ox(2

: )aq(282OS

)aq(I: )aq(

2

4)aq(

2

82SO2e2OS =+: )SO/OS( )aq(

2

4)aq(

2

82

. += e2II2

)aq(2)aq(: )I/I( )aq()aq(2.

) -)aq 32

82OS .

-)aq(I. 45. -

: )aq(2)aq(

24)aq()aq(

282 ISO2I2OS +=+

6. -mol105,7Vcn

3

11i)OS(

)aq(282

==molc5,0Vcn

222i)I( )aq(==

7 -

*x )t(f]I[ )aq(2 =.

: )t(x)t(n )I( 2 =V

)t(n]I[

)I(

)aq(2

2=

: ]I[ )aq(2)t(x )t(f]I[ )aq(2 = )t(g)t(x =

-mn25t 8 . =.

dt

)t](I[d

dt

)V/)t(x(d

dt

)t(xd

V

1)t( 2===

mn25t = .

115 minLmmol109,8min)25( =

15


2/28

- :

] -]I 9 )aq(2: L/mmol6]I[ f)aq(2 =

mol1061106V]I[x : 33f)aq(2f ===

:mol105,7n 3

i)OS( )aq(2

82

=

) )aq 2

82OS .)aq(I fx

10 -2

1t

: 2

]I[f2: min15t

21=.

11 -2c )aq(I:

L/mol104,25,0

1062

5,0

x2c

0x2c5,02

3

f

2

f2

=

=

=

=

: - 1*++ eBC 01115116 +.*+ eBaCs 011395613955 .*HepbPo 422068221084 + .*+ 0060286028 NiNi .

Po -221084

2cmE =:

u74,1982,209)009,1126007,184(m

m)m)ZA(mZ(mPoNP

=+=

+=

2c :MeV

5,931u1 =

: MeV81,16205,93174,1E ==*

MeV718,7210

81,1620AE ==

. *Ra22688

: RaPo A

E

A

E

>

.

:

X -1A

Z

*a:6N7Z ==13A N137 :=

16


3/28

- :

*b:6N6Z ==12A C127 := *d:8N6Z ==14A C146 :=

2- C127 NZ =20Z + CeN 13

6

0

1

13

7+

+

*d :NZ


4/28

- :

52:min77,2 2ln

t2

1=

=.

: 1: -

**

: * .

. * -2

12

21

j1066,88

693,0

t

2lin

===

3 -t0

eA)t(A =j8t : =Bq106,1e102,3)8(A 781066,87 2 ==

4O3224168)j(t0,10,20,40,81,6710)Bq(A

13,814,515,215,8916,58Aln

-)t(fA=1.

- ) 2.(

0t =

18


5/28

- :

j11

-Aln t.

( ) 12

j107,8=

- 1Bq

. -0N 4

(1026,4(360024107,8

102,3AN 3

2

7

0

0=

=

=

: - 1

:

=

=

)e1(I)t(i

)e1(1 2)t(i/t

0

t2

: s5,021 == ) -)tIL 2 0.

2t22

0

2

L)e1(IL

2

1iL

2

1E ==

-: 3*0t =0)e1(IL

2

1)0(E 202

0L==

*=tJ287,0)e1(IL2

1)(E 212

0L==

*tJ72,0)01(IL2

1)(E 22

0L==

: 1: -

eqC

:

+++=321eq

C

1

C

1

C

1

C

1

eqC

:

19


6/28

- :

+++=321eq

CCCC

1eq CC =.

2-

: 1eq

CnC =

n. ::

5010

105

C

Cn

4

3

1

eq=

==

--3

C20,040105UCQ 3eqeq

===

-

C10450

20,0

50

QQ 3

eq

1

===

:1 -BY

iRu R =

. 2- )I( 0.

: V3uR = )2 (0R IRu =

: A0,0650

3

R

uI R

0===

:-3dt

diE , L , r , i. ,

: BMABAM

uuu +=

: BM

AB

u

u

iRirdt

diLE ++=

iR)(rdt

diLE ++=

- 4

: 0dt

di=

20


7/28

- :

: 13,33 r63,3350r

63,33 0,06

3,8

I

ERrIR)(rE

0

0

==+

===++=

(max)RR uu = .

ms20=

:rR

L

+=

: H1,26102063,33r)(RL 3 ==+=

:

1 -1cClO )S( 1

1C

1mol.L0,5

1

22,4

11,2

V

nC 2

===

- 2

:

)OHC(n = )OHC(n : 2211 VcVc =

: mL134L13,4.10

0,5

16,7.10

c

.VcV 2

2

1

22

1==

==

: OH21 2VVV +=: mL8661341000VVV 21OH2 ===

-OHC- 3

)aq()aq(3)(2)aq(

OCOHOHOHC+ +=+

) -)OC/OHC

[ ]OHCOCOH

K 3a

+=

21


8/28

- :

- [ ][ ]OHC

OC

]OHC[

]OC[logpKapH

+=

3,3102,3log8,10pKapH]OHC[

]OC[log 8 =+==

: [ ][ ]

3,199510OHC

OC 3,3 =

: 1 -

bc ]OH[

: ]OH[cb =

]OH[cb >

:

mol/L10]HO[mol/L10]OH[11pH311

3

+ ===

]OH[cb >.

.1:

-)a 2 q()a q(4)(2)g(3 H ON HOHN H+

+=+

3 -)S( mL500V2 1 = )S( 2

L/mol004,0c2 =

2211VcVc =

L02,01,0

5,0004,0cVcV1

221 ===

4. -

%5,2004,0

10

c

]HO[

Vc

V]HO[

n

)OH(n

x

x 4

222

2

0

f

max

f

f===

===

- 5

pH

22


9/28

- :

.

. 6 -)HCl( L/mol20,0ca =

mL20Vb= )S( .1

: bbaa VcVc =

: mL102,0

201,0

c

VcV

a

bb

a=

=

=

:

+- 1 +=+ OHHCOOOHHCOOH 32

( /)

))HCOO/HCOOH) /) : )OH/OH( 23 +

- ( / ( 2

q

q3q

]HCOOH[

]OH[]HCOO[Ka

+ =

:Ka 48,3pKa

1058,11010Ka

===

3: -Mcc

m=mc c.

: qq ]HCOO[]HCOOH[c +=

L/mol105,210]OH[]HCOO[ 3pH3q + ===

HO.

L/mol1096,3

1058,1

)105,2(

Ka

]OH[]HCOO[]HCOOH[ 2

4

23q3q

q

+

=

=

=

: L/mol102,4]HCOO[]HCOOH[c 2qq =+=

: L/g9,146102,4Mcc 2m ==

- 4

pKa

(/) .

23


10/28

- :

: )HCOO/HCOOH(pKa)COOCH/COOHCH(pKa 33 >

.

:

.:

-E 1E

. .

- 2pH 7pH =

.

3 ) -AH()ANa(OH2)HONa()AOH(

23

+++ ++=+++4. -

bEbaa : VcVc =

: L/mol105,1

10

30105

V

Vcc 3

4

a

bEb

a

===

: - :1

: 2T=

- :2

0

.2)12+ (

( +)12 )1(:

24


11/28

- :

2211EcEpp)T(WEcEpp +=++

: 221 m2

1hgm00hgm +=++

:

2

21

2

1)hh(g =

1: )cos(coscoscoshh 0021 ==

: 20 )cos(cosg2 =

:dt

d2)0sin

dt

d(g2

=+

:

2

2

dt

d

dt

d

dtd

dtdx

x

=

==

=

: 2

2

dt

d

dt

dsin

dt

dg

dt

dsin

dt

dg

=

=

:2

2

dt

dsing

=

)10(0


12/28

- :

: 222 sm3,7)60cos30(cosg2)cos(cosg2 ==

22

nsm3,7a

=

:

amTP =+

tn

aaa +=

ta( )

n

a( )

: 2

tt

sm5singaamsinP

== 22t2n : sm85,8aaa +=

:

1 - ( )

.

: G21Gext

amTTRPamF =+++=)OX'X(:

G21G21amxkxkamTT ==

: xm

kk

dt

xd21

2

2

+

=

x.

- :2 :

0

0

212

0T

2

m

kk =

+=

: 21

0kk

m2T

+=

:

: s42,05040

4,02T

0

+=

3 -)t(fx =

)tcos(X)t(x 0m +=

26


13/28

- :

: cm2Xm =s/rad15T2

0

0

=

) )tsin(X)t :dt

)t(dx00m

+==

0t0 =) S (

0)sin(X

)cos(X0

0m

m

>

=

: 0cos0sin =


14/28

- :

2222 amfRTP =+++:

)2(amfTsinP2222=+

21 aa =.21 TT =

) 1) (2: (

21

21

mm

fsinPPa

+

=

: S1 ( ) :

ga1 = S2) :2 (T2:

22 m

f

singa =

5 -f1m: 2a: N8,0f= a: kg1,0m1 =

: 1. -

: :

: PR( )

: amRP =+:

amsingm =

: = singa : .

-12 2 )y,x,O(

: :

: P: gaamP == -)xO(: 0a x =.

: *===

cos0dt

d0x0x

x

: *)0x(t)(cosxxt)(cosxcos

dt

dx00000===+==

) *)xO

t)(cosx : 0 =

28


15/28

- :

*1: t3x =: *3)(cos0x0 ==

-)yO(: ga y =.

: *+=+==

sintgtggdt

d0y0y

y

*2: 4t10y += : *4)(sin0y0 ==-

0:1222y02x00 sm543 =+=+=

: -sin 38,0

5

44sin4sin

0

0y0==

===

-A 4AO: ( + (

OOAAEppEc)R(WEppEc +=++

: +=+= sin)AO(g2sin)AO(gmm2

1m

2

1 2O

2

A

2

O

2

A

: 12OA sm7sin)AO(g2 =+= ) -)Of 5

'OS2

Of=

: 2

ttt f

S'S==

St y

2 s4,0tS = : s8,0t f =

)xO(: m4,2t3Ofx

ff===

-H 6)y,x(H : HH

: m2,1sin)AO(yH == *1: )1(t3x = *2: 4t10y +=

: )2(t4t5y4t10dt

dy 2+=+=

) 1: (3

xt =

(x33,1x55,02: (3

x4

9

x5y 2

2

+=+=

H: H

2

HHx33,1x55,02,1y +==

:

29


16/28

- :

=

=

(m3x (

( (m6,0x

2H

1H

H:

==

m2,1y

m3x

H

H

:

1 -- .

: )s(]2,0[t )t(f=

)0a ) >0>: 0a > .

)s(]6,2[t : )t(f= teC=0a =

. . :

: 21 s.m220

04

t

va =

=

=

: 2

2 s.m07244

tva ===

: -d 2 : d

m42

24d =

=

:

0Oytvta

2

1y ++=

s2t =: m4022

21yyd 0 =+==

- 3

30


17/28

- :

:

:

: *)SS( 1

:1P

1T

: 1111

a)mm(TP +=+

: )1(a)mm(TP 1111 +=

: *)S( 2

:2

P2

T

: 1222

amTP ( +=

( : )2(amTP 1222 =+

: 21 TT =

) 1) (2: (

gmmm

maa)mmm(PP

21

112121 ++=++=

:

:

: *)S( 1

:1P1T

: 2111

amTP =+

: )1(amTP2111 =

: *)S( 2

2P2T :

: 2222

amTP ( +=

(

: )2(amTP 2222 =+

: 21 TT =

) 1) (2: (

31


18/28

- :

0aa)mm(PP222121=+=

4 -m:

2 :21

1sm2g

mmm

ma =

++=

: kg05,0210)1,01,0(2

ag

)mm(am

1

211

=+

=+

=5 -

.:

- :1

.=08,0r 2 -aO.

*a:2ar : =

: 222 sm2)2,0(08,0r

a ==

=

*0:AA2 : xtta

2

1x ++=

Axx =t.: += A2A a

2

1xx

: 1A

A sm2,02,02,008,0a

21

xx===

*)AO(a22A2O : =: 12AO2A2O sm3)AO(a2)AO(a2 =+=+=

3- )AO( *

: :

: PR.

: amRP =+ : 2sm5singa ==2sm2a : .=

*f:.

: :

: PRf.: amfRP =++

: amfsingm = : N3,0)25(1,0)asing(mf ===

32


19/28

- :

- :4 :

: : P.

: amP = *)Ox(: 0a x =

: =+== cos00dt

d0x0x

x

: t)(cosxt)(cosxcosdt

dx0000

=+==

: t)(cosx 0 =: )1(t6,2x =

*)Oy(: ga y =

: +=+==

sintgtggdt

d0y0y

y

: t)(sintg2

1yt)(sintg

2

1ysintg

dt

dy0

2

00

2

0+=++=+=

: t)(sintg2

1y

0

2 +=

: )2(t5,1t5y 2 +=

) *1: (6,2

xt ) 2: (=

)3(x58,0x74,0y 2 +=

. (O 3 (

( )

==sin)OJ(y,cos)OJ(xJ

JJ

J) 3: (( ) ( )+=+= cos)OJ(58,0cos)OJ(75,0sin)OJ(x58,0x74,0y 2

J

2

JJ

: ( ) ( ) m1,3)OJ(OJ29,0OJ188,0)OJ(87,0 2 +=:

.-1

*)t(x)t(a : 20 = mX)t(x =m20max Xa =

:0t =s2Tt 0 ==

0t = s2T0 =

33


20/28

- :

*

1 :0

0srd

T

2 =

=

== : 02,0Xm0max: m02,0Xm =

: 22m20max sm2,002,0Xa ===

-m (J104 (2 4

J104)02,0(2,0 :2

1m

2

1Ec 422

max

===

2m - .32

1Ec =

0,25,10,15,00)s(t

0 02,0002,00)sm(1

04104 04104 0)J(Ec

:

: -k 4

1

2

0

2

0mN2

T

m4k

k

m2T ===

34


21/28

- : :

- .1- 2

. -)t(q 3

: 0uu CL =+. :

dt

diLu

L=

2

2

dt

qd

dt

di

dt

dqi ==

2

2

Ldt

qdLu =

:C

qu

C=

: 0qCL

1

dt

qd0

C

q

dt

qdL

2

2

2

2

=

+=+

)t(q : -ab 4

*a 0t = E0QEC)0(q ==: a)0(q =

: 0QECa == *b

)bt(cosa)t(q : = )tb(sinbadt

dq=: )tb(cosba

dt

qd 22

2

=

: 0

CL

1b0)btcos(a

CL

1)tb(cosba 22 =

+=

+

: CL

1b

=

CL -5b:

CL2TCL

1

T

2b

0

0

=

=

=

* s93,0102212CL2T 3

0===

-I0 6

=== t

CL

1sin

CL

EC)tb(sinba

dt

dq)t(i

: A44,0CL

ECI

0=

=

) -i(t 7

) q(t

35


22/28

- :

: 1 -AMuBMu. 2. -

: RBM uu = )t(uR.

-)t(iR)t(uR3 =R

)t(u)t(i R=

R )

.(4- - 0I63,0i = =t.

*=t: 00

/

0I63,0)37,01(I)e1(I)(I ===

-

E)t(uR =: s1020s20 6==. -

R

L=

: H02,010201000RL 6 ===

:

1 - - )t(uC)t(i:

36


23/28

- :

)tcos(U)t(u00C

+=

)t(cosCUCu)t(q00C

+==

: )t(sinCUdt

dq)t(i

000+==

0t : = 0)cos(U)0(u 0C >=: 0cos >

0)(sin0)(sinCU)0(i : 00 ===: 0=

: )tcos(U)t(u 00C =)t(sinCU)t(i 000 =- Cui 0t =.

0t =:0C U)0(u =0)t(i =

4Tt0=:

000

0

0

00ICU)

4

T

T

2(sinCU)t(i ==

=

2- )t(uC )

) .

n1n -3 u/u +

: 200 UC2

1)C(E =

2nn :n UC21)C(E =

2 n+1: 1n1n UC2

1)C(E

++ =

%90: %10

n1n)C(E

100

90)C(E =+

: 2n2 1n2n2 1n U100

90UUC

2

1

100

90UC

2

1 == ++

: 9,0

U

U

n

1n =+

4 -100/U0

37


24/28

- :

9,0r=

:

n

0

n0

nn r

UUUrU ==

:100

UU 0

n=

100

1rn =

: 88rln

100lnn100lnrlnn ==

.100/U0 88

: 1-0N.

: CL2

1

T

1N

0

0

==

: Hz47,318105,21,02

1N

60=

=

2. -

.

A22040

RUI

eq

(max)eff

(max)eff===

3 - -)N(fIeff =

. -0N1N2NN *0N Hz320N0

*(max)effI2= : 1,41AA41,12

2

2

I(max)eff =

A41,1I (max)eff = 300Hz300N1 Hz340N2 .

38


25/28

- :

*NHz10330340NNN 12 = -

3210

320

N

NQ 0

=

: 1-

2- -Cu

C :)t(q)t(u

C dt =

dq)t(i AAB

=

: dt

duC)t(i C

AB=

-))0R =.

3 -

: ms5,224

T9

4

TT2 00

0==+

: ms10T

0 =

*

H1C4

TLCL2T

2

2

0

0=

==

- .4

)L(E)C(EET +=

2CuC :2

1)C(E =2iL

2

1)L(E =

2:dtdu

C)t(iC

AB =:

2

C2

dt

du

CL2

1

)L(E

=

: 2

C22

CTdt

duCL

2

1uC

2

1E

+=

: 2

C

2

C2C

C

T

dt

ud

dt

duCL

dt

duuC

dt

dE+=

:

+=

2

C

2

C

CT

dt

udCLu

dt

duC

dt

dE

)C,L(

:0

dt

udCLu

2

C

2

C

=+

39


26/28

- :

: 0dt

dET =teT CE =

* 0C Uu =0i =

: J1025,110105,22

1UC

2

1E 4262

0T

===

- - 5 .

- : *ms10Tms20T2 ==

- .

- 4

Tt =

4T

t =0uC =

: 2maxT IL2

1)L(EE ==

: mA8,15A1058,1L

E2I

L

E2I 2T

max

T2

max====

: I: -1-. : -T 2

: s36,3T6 = s56,0T= : -x 3 0t 0 =cm3x 0 = Tt1 =cm8,2x1 = T5t 2 =cm5,2x 2 =

II: -1) -S (mkx

) S (: 22T xk

2

1m

2

1E +=

- 2 x 0= 2maxT xk

2

1E =

0t 0 =cm3x 0 = ( ) J1085,5103132

1E

322

T

==

Tt1 =cm8,2x1 = ( ) J1009,5108,2132

1E

322

T

==

T5t 2 =cm5,2x 2 = ( ) J1006,4105,2132

1E

322

T

==

3. -4 -

40


27/28

- :

.

:

2

max(max)T

m2

1E =

: 1(max)Tmax

(max)T2

maxsm34,0

m

E2

m

E2===

III( ) : -1 -S.

- 2: ()

GamFRP =++

)xO'x(: GGx

amxkamF ==

2

2

G

dt

xda =: 0xk

dt

xdm

2

2

.+=

mk -00T 3

:m

k20=

k

m2T

0=.

*)t(cosX)t(x 0m +=

)t(cosXdt

xd0

2

0m2

2

+=

: 0)t(cosXk)t(cosXm

0m0

2

0m=+++

m :k

20 =:

000)t(cosXk)t(cosm

kXm

0m0m==+++

.4 -0T

[ ])s(

)m/smkg(

)kg(

)m/N(

)kg(]T[

k

]m[]T[

200=

===

-0T 5

:s55,0

13

1,02T

0

==

*

41


28/28

- :

s56,0T=s55,0T0 =. *

02,0T

TT

T

T

0

0

0

=

: %2.

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