Existentialism Teacher
-
Upload
sulaman-saeed -
Category
Documents
-
view
42 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Existentialism Teacher
Existentialism
The Courage to Be
Existentialism
As a philosophical movement Existentialism emphasizes- Individual existence Personal freedom Authentic choice
Existentialism Ontology
Reality is subjective, Truth is relative Epistemology
We learn by making authentic choices Anxiety comes with the total freedom of choice
To refuse to choose authentically is to live in “bad faith.”
Axiology no universal, rational judgment between right and wrong.
To do good is to act in good faith To do bad is to act in bad faith
Philosophers described as Existentialists
Soren Kierkegaard 1813-1855
Friedrich Nietzsche 1843-1900
Jean-PaulSartre 1905-1980
Soren KierkegaardReligious Existentialism Kierkegaard stressed the ambiguity and absurdity of the human situation An individual must live a totally committed life, which is only understood by the individual
He advocated a “leap of faith” into Christianity
Although Christianity is incomprehensible, it is the only commitment that will save an individual from complete and utter despair.
Friedrich NietzscheAtheistic Existentialism
God is Dead All external authority blinds the individual to authentic choice
The Judeo-Christian moral code keeps the individual from assuming full responsibility for his or her decisions
The Scientific assumption of an orderly universe is a useful fiction that hides the meaninglessness of existence
John-Paul SartreExistentialism as a Philosophy
He wrote the first work that attempted to make Existentialism into a coherent philosophy in 1943
It was written in response to the absurdity of World War II
He argued that humans beings need a rational basis for their lives so they developed systematic philosophies
but this is impossible to achieve. The human life is a “futile passion”.
John-Paul Sartre“existence precedes essence”
We exist first and then we need to create our essential being
Existential dread- “the cry in the night”
By refusing to accept full responsibility for who we are and the decisions we make, we act in bad faith
Living an Authentic Life
Authentic existence (essence) can only be achieved by those who actively seek to discover purposefulness for their existence
This happens by making independent choices and assuming responsibility for consequences
It is not a natural flow; is easily stifled by outside influences
Obstacles to Authenticity
1) Unawareness Awareness can be stifled through conformity during the formative years
Students not allowed to make choices are denied the opportunity to accept responsibility for their choices
2) Fear Individual fear of accepting the burden of responsibility
To refuse to choose is to make a choice
Implications for Education
The learner should feel valued as an individual and encouraged to develop his or her personal style and creativity.
Existentialist educators are generally against the concept of teaching as showing, guiding, or directing
Rather, the teacher should ‘prize’ the learner and make the learner feel worthwhile.
Teacher Contamination
Teachers who fail to recognize that reality is experienced subjectively will likely impose on their students an external reality, one contaminated by personal and societal biases -Gary Hunter
Encouraging the Pursuit of Authenticity
Teachers must celebrate student authenticity and what existentialists call “the courage to be”
Teachers should help students internalize the world and make it their own
Teachers must strive to reach each student individually, although each comes from different backgrounds and experiences
Cultivating Creativity
Allow students to make their own choices about individual projects
Suggest projects that encourage the imagination\
Put student work on display for other students and teachers to see
Addressing the “courage to be” Make students responsible for completing their work on time- use contracts
Have students decide classroom rules with the understanding they will be responsible for following them
Let students choose personal ways to express themselves
Why Should We Encourage Students to Follow Lead Authentic Lives?
“How many times have we read or heard about successful writers, athletes, musicians, or artists who rejected attempts by parents, teachers, counselors, and peers to dictate and control their destinies by insisting that they pursue a more conventional line of work? What would the destinies of these successful people have been had they succumbed to these external influences?” (Hunter).