Exercise testing Exercise Physiology. Aims of exercise testing Gather Objective Data on: Aerobic...
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Transcript of Exercise testing Exercise Physiology. Aims of exercise testing Gather Objective Data on: Aerobic...
![Page 1: Exercise testing Exercise Physiology. Aims of exercise testing Gather Objective Data on: Aerobic ability Ability to do exercise using high rate of oxygen.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062403/56649cf45503460f949c1fc3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exercise testing
Exercise Physiology
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Aerobic abilityAbility to do exercise using high rate of oxygen consumption (VO2 max, VO2peak, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Anaerobic ability
Ability to exercise at an intensity that exceeds maximal (peak) oxygen consumption (30-s peak PO, supramax. tests, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Endurance
Ability to sustain submaximal aerobic exercise for an extended time (6- and 12-min walk, 1 mile walk, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Strength
Ability to do unsustained work against a high resistance (MVC, peak torque, max. number repetitions, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Flexibility
Ability to move joints through a prescribed range of motion (sit-and-reach distances, goniometry, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Neuromuscular skills
Ability to do activities that require coordination and skill (gait analysis, balance, coordination, etc.)
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Aims of exercise testing
Gather Objective Data on:
Functional performance
Ability to do specific physical activities of daily living (sit-and-stand scores, timed walk, etc.)
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Exercise testing
Measurement of body reactions (eventually adaptation) of different body systems in
dependence on stress (exercise)
Measurement of efficiency to perform and repeat the best
achievement
Fitness assessment
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Measured parameters Load – [W, W/kg] – age, gender, health statute, weight
Energy output – [kcal] – 1 km = 70-80 kcal {run, walk}
Time – [s., minute, hour] - duration
Speed – [m/s-1, km/hour]
Elevation – [˚, %]
Distance – [m, km]
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Ideal exercise test 1. Easy designed
2. a] general – general performanceb] specific – specific performance
3. Safe
4. Valid – do we measure what we really want to?
5. Objective – no other impacts on result
6. Reliability and reproducibility
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Justification of exercise testing
Why perform exercise testing? - INDICATION
Diagnosis
Intervention assessment (therapy, training)
Exercise programming and training
Research
Prognostic
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Justification of exercise testing
Why do not perform exercise testing? - CONTRAINDICATION
ABSOULTE
RELATIVE
- Acute illness (heart stroke, fever), major hypertension (240/120), etc.
- After heart stroke, some defects of heart valves, etc.
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Splitting of tests
According to applied load:
According to place
a) Maximal (incremental tests)
b) Sub-maximal (usually constant workload)
b) Supra-maximal (Wingate test)
a) Laboratory tests
b) Field tests
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Laboratory × field tests
Laboratory tests
Disadvantages:
- Different movement stereotype (rower, canoeist on bicycle?)- worse achievement
- Transformation of results into field conditions
- Accurate determination of load
Advantages:
- Standard laboratory conditions
- Nervousness from new (unknown) conditions -worse achievement
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Laboratory × field tests
Field tests
Disadvantages:
- Relatively inaccurate determination of power
- The problem of accurate measurement
- Known conditions – athletic stadium, ice ring, sport hall, etc.
Advantages:
- Identical movement stereotype
- Direct use in training
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Maximal × submaximal tests
Maximal tests
- Direct assessment of maximal capacity of organism
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
- Dependence on will and motivation of proband
- Risk factor
- Restriction before competition
- Small changes of monitored parameters due to training in very high trained
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Maximal × submaximal tests
Sub-maximal tests
- Safer
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
- Lower dependence on tested person (more comfortable)
- Bigger changes of monitored parameters due to training
- Restriction before competition
- Often based on estimation (presumption) of HRmax, etc. – worse accuracy
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The type and sources of stress
1. Dynamic
2. Static
3. Other
- Individual movement (knee-bend, etc.)
- Steps (Step test)
- Ergometer – bicycle, treadmill, arm crank ergometer, ladder
- Dynamometer (handgrip, etc.)
- electric, pharmacological, cold, hypoxic, psychological, change of body position (laying – standing), deep breathing, cough, etc.
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The conditions in exercise laboratory
1. Enviroment
2. Equipment
3. Safeness
- Calm (few persons)
- Air circulation (ACE)
- Temperature (18-22˚C), humidity 40-60%
- calibration, functionality
- Emergency (phone number)
- Presence of physician, defibrillator, drogs
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The conditions in exercise laboratory
4. Tested person- Healthy
- Avoid drinking coffee, alcohol and smoking (at least 12 hours before)
- At least 2 hours after food intake
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Bicycle ergometer × treadmillBicykle ergometer
- more in Europe ?
- mechanical efficiency 20 – 25%
-W (load) = resistance (mechanical, electromagnetical) + revolutions/min (50 – 70)
Advantages:
- space, noise, accuracy of set load
- easer and safer making
Disadvantages:
- calibration, engagement of smaller muscle mass, lack of familiarity
- lover oxygen consumption, lover HR , etc.
- taking of blood sample, measurement of blood pressure.
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Bicycle ergometer × treadmillTreadmill
- more in USA, Canada ?
- mechanical efficiency no more than 15 %
-W (load) = speed (km/hour)+ elevation (%, °)
Advantages:
- natural movement, only one possibility for children
- engagement of most muscle mass
Disadvantages:
- space demands, noise
- risk of fall, problems of measurement of BP and blood sample
- achievement of “real” maximum (higher O2 consumption, HR)
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