Resources Unit America and the World rely on numerous types of resources for our lives and well-being.

Resources SOLs

6.9 The student will investigate and understand public policy decisions relating to the environment. Key concepts include

a) management of renewable resources (water, air, soil, plant life, animal life);

b) management of nonrenewable resources (coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear power, mineral resources);

c) the mitigation of land-use and environmental hazards through preventive measures; and

d) cost/benefit tradeoffs in conservation policies.

6.6 The student will investigate and understand the properties of air and the structure and dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere. Key concepts include:

d) natural and human-caused changes to the atmosphere;

g) the importance of protecting and maintaining air quality.

6.2 The student will investigate and understand basic sources of energy, their origins, transformations, and uses. Key concepts include

b) the role of the sun in the formation of most energy sources on Earth;

c) nonrenewable energy sources (fossil fuels including petroleum, natural gas, and coal);

d) renewable energy sources (wood, wind, hydro, geothermal, tidal, and solar)

Resources

: something that a country has and can use to increase its wealth : a supply of something (such as money) that someone has and can use when it is needed : a place or thing that provides something useful http://www.merriam-webster.com/

http://www.energy.vt.edu/vept/index.asp sources of VA datahttp://www.thegwpf.com/ interesting site about energy issues

Some of the most easily thought of resources in our lives might be: safe, available water; same of soil/land; same food; safe/clean air; energy such as oil, natural gas, coal, wind, geothermal, nuclear, tidal, solar.

Vintage ad for garbage disposal

1872New York City stops dumping its garbage from a platform built out over the East River.

http://www.astc.org/exhibitions/rotten/timeline.htm Garbage timeline

New York City and garbageExecutive Summary New York City generates approximately 13,000 tons of residential garbage daily. Current disposal methods present economic, environmental, political, and social difficulties. This report presents a new Solid Waste Alternative Technologies Program for New York City that will address these problems.

Current policies discourage landfills and incinerators within New York City boundaries. Since 2001, the City has exported its garbage to locations as far away as Virginia and Ohio. Exportation leaves the City vulnerable to increasing costs because both transportation companies and disposal facilities are privately

owned. The system is politically dangerous because other states are increasingly unwilling to accept the City’s garbage and are seeking legal means of excluding outside garbage. Additionally, both landfilling and incineration pollute the air and groundwater. Finally, emissions from trucks used in transportation are detrimental to human health and the environment.http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mpaenvironment/pages/projects/Final%20SWAT%20Report.pdf

The cost of dumping garbage in the Northeast has increased from $12.66 per ton in 1985 to $69.07 in 2002; the highest tipping fees in the U.S. In 2002, the Mid-Atlantic Region, including Pennsylvania and Virginia, had the nation’s second highest tipping fees at $45.26 per ton, more than doubling since 1985.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nPG6mqM0Bg&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Mexico City’s waste problem

http://washington.cbslocal.com/2015/04/22/more-than-9000-gallons-of-fuel-to-be-used-on-air-force-one-for-obamas-trip-to-everglades-on-earth-day/ Our presidents like photo opportunites.

http://www.edmunds.com/about/press/hybrid-and-electric-vehicles-struggle-to-maintain-owner-loyalty-reports-edmundscom.html people are trading in their electric and hybrid cars for SUVs

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3052926/Our-climate-models-WRONG-Global-warming-slowed-recent-changes-natural-variability-says-study.html time will tell regarding global warming

Making Electricity

California has an extreme drought as of Spring 2015. Lack of rain and Winter snows in the mountains means water usage regulations have begun. Large fines or water cut-offs will be applied to all violaters. Darker colors indicate worse drought problem.

http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA

About 37 million people who live in

California strain the limited water supply in a largely desert area. This problem may continue, possibly forever with population growth there.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg 5:18 cartoon showing how electricity is made and comes to your house

RENEWABLE versus NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES

Renewable resources are resources that can be replaced soon after they are used.

Examples would be: solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and geothermal.

Note: the water reference in the above illustration does not show tidal power and hydropower separately.

Tidal Powerhttp://technologystudent.com/images5/tidal1.gifTides occur every day and are generally observed at the ocean. Water comes in (or rises) as tide change every 12 hours approximately. We experience the opposite low tide just as often, half way between high tides. This flow of water is endless and dependable. Some locations experience massive changes or movements of water while other locations see much less change.

Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the massive size of the oceans. These articles explore the potential energy of tidal power technologies.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lWTQdHEazg 2:38 wind turbine tour

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNXTm7aHvWc 9:38 computer animated description/tour of wind turbine

Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that cannot be replaced soon after they are used.

About 92% of the energy consumed in the United States comes from non-renewable energy sources, which include uranium ore and the fossil fuels — coal, natural gas, and petroleum.

Oil (petroleum) Natural Gas Coal Uranium (nuclear)

RenewableRenewable energy sources including biomass, hydropower, geothermal, wind, and solar provide

8% of the energy used in the United States. Most renewable energy goes to producing electricity.

Biomass Geothermal Hydropower Solar Wind

http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=2

The world is running running out of some of our Nonrenewable Resources.

http://groupsites.ius.edu/physics/e/reserves.html

U.S. Total Energy StatisticsData for 2009 except where noted

Total Primary Energy Production 73.0 quadrillion Btu

Coal Gas Oil Nuclear Renewable

30%29%19%11%11%

Total Consumption 94.6 quadrillion Btu

by source 37%

Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Renewable

by end-use Residential & Commercial Transportation Industrial

25%21%9%8%

41%29%30%

Energy Consumption-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2008)

5.405 million metric tons of carbon dioxide

Residential & Commercial Transportation Industrial

40%34%26%

Energy Consumption/GDP Ratio

2009 1979

7.35 thousand Btu per 2005 dollar14.09 thousand Btu per 2005 dollar

Number of Households (2005) 111 million

Heated by: (2005)

Natural Gas Electricity Oil Propane Wood Other

http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=stats

52% 32% 9% 6% 1% 1%

More Statistics for Each Energy Source Oil Statistics Natural Gas Statistics

Coal Statistics Nuclear Statistics Electricity Statistics Biofuel Statistics Other Renewable Energy Statistics

World Energy Statistics Data for 2007 except where noted

Primary Energy Production 475 quadrillion Btu

Oil Coal Gas Hydro Nuclear Other

35%28%23%6%6%2%

World Energy Consumption 484 quadrillion Btu

United States China Russia Japan India Germany

21%16%6%5%4%3%

Per Capita Consumption (selected countries)

1. United States

2. Russia

3. Germany

4. Japan

5. China

337 million Btu215 million Btu172 million Btu176 million Btu56 million Btu

Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions 29,914 million metric tons of carbon

dioxide

United States Europe China Russia Japan India

20%16%21%6%4%4%

FRACKING TO GET NATURAL GAS

http://wilderness.org/files/imagecache/225/profiler/Fracking-diagram.gif

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQBfpX9PDag&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1Wind power is renewable and clean

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJJ3m3JCfJ8&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1Geothermal

Energy Resources http://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/reports/2009/state_briefs/ state by state fact sheets on energy use

http://www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/sieber/SixthGradeFirstSemesterRevi.htm online 6th grade energy review quiz, Roanoke VA

1. Biomass/biofuelhttp://www.tc.umn.edu/~dama0023/biofuels.html brief pro and conhttp://energyinformative.org/biomass-energy-pros-and-cons/video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZoPNJGi6ig 1:30video

2. Coalhttp://debate.yukozimo.com/pros-and-cons-of-coal-energy/ http://www.prosandconsof.net/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-coal-power/

3. Geothermal

http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/category/geothermal-energy good list of facts and pros and cons***http://geothermalprosandcons.net/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=kjpp2MQffnw 5min California geothermal. NICEhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs6n0baLQ6w geothermal explained 10 min

4. Hydropowerhttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/hydropower-profile/

http://water.usgs.gov/edu/wuhy.htmlhttp://www.altenergy.org/renewables/hydroelectric.html various pro-renewable energy sources discussed here**http://www.technologystudent.com/energy1/hydr2.htm good pro and con discussion

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/energy/hydropower.html simple list of hydro factshttp://energy.gov/eere/water/history-hydropower government site, provides overview, not pro and con discussionhttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/Disadvantages_HydroPower.php Note: disadvantage discussion

5. Natural Gashttp://www.triplepundit.com/special/natural-gas-pros-cons/

6. Nuclearhttp://www.nirs.org/neconomics/neconomicshome.htm very anti-nuclear sitehttp://www.greenworldinvestor.com/2011/04/02/nuclear-energy-advantages-vs-disadvantages/ pros and cons listhttp://www.cyberphysics.co.uk/topics/nuclear/advantages_disadvantages_nuclear_power.htm simple pro and con***http://energyinformative.org/nuclear-energy-pros-and-cons/ nice pro and conhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcOFV4y5z8c Very good

7. Oilhttp://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=9991 kind of pro oilhttp://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_home general info. Not so much pro vs con

http://www.eia.gov/countries/ good source of international production and consumption data, as well as updates of same

8. Solarhttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/pros-and-cons-of-solar-energy.php good pros and conshttp://www.conserve-energy-future.com/category/solar-energy list of facts and pros and consvideo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gta2ICarDw 5:15video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0InAuhAre4 2:18

9. Tidalhttp://www.triplepundit.com/special/tidal-power-pros-cons/http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/tidal_power.htm***http://www.renewablegreenenergypower.com/tidal-energy-tidal-power-pros-and-cons/http://energyinformative.org/wave-energy-pros-and-cons/

video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfXtfW8nxLE 2:32video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCVZfJKTGPo 7:24video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-sFLGMSMac 5:24

10. Wind

http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/category/wind-energy click on pros and cons OR list of facts***http://energyinformative.org/wind-energy-pros-and-cons/Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sLXZkn2W-lk 2:17

Figure 1. Electrical power generation in Virginia, 2005. Total = 78,943,045 megawatt-hours

Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration.

VA datahttp://www.energy.vt.edu/vept/energyover/overdiagram.asp 2015 Virginia

VA datahttp://www.energy.vt.edu/vept/energyover/PrimaryProd.asp 2015

Unclear of date of this chart nor what is depicting except the Roanoke teacher said it is U.S. as a whole.http://www.rcs.k12.va.us/csjh/sieber/SixthGradeFirstSemesterRevi.htm

http://wattsupwiththat.com/2011/11/18/make-29-on-your-money-guaranteed/ 2011 data

Figure 1. The source of energy of electrical generation. Data projection as reported in Energy Information Administration report: DOE/EIA-0484(2009).

Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), Monthly Energy Review, May 2014, Table 7.2a, 2014. http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/#electricity.

Country 2015 Population Million Gross GDP(billion$)

Per Capita GDP(approx. $)

U.S. 320 17,419 $53,000India 1,325 2,048 $1,500Switzerland 6 685 $85,000Burkina Faso 17 11 $685China 1,357 9,240 $6,807Saudi Arabia 29 750 $24,407

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index#2015_report