EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

PUBLIC HEARING

OF

PROPOSED PROJECT OF QUARRYING RIVER SAND

IN UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM OF KATTALAI

BED REGULATOR IN CAUVERY RIVER OVER AN

EXTENT OF 196.25 HA IN TRICHY DISTRICT OF

TAMILNADU

PLACE : SRIRAMASAMUTHIRAM AND SILAIPILLAYAPUTTUR VILLAGE - THOTTIYAM TALUK – TRICHY DISTRICT.

SAND QUANTITY : 15,01,247 M3

PERIOD OF QUARRYING : 3 YEARS STUDY PERIOD : DECEMBER-2013 TO FEBRUARY-2014

APPLICANT

EXECUTIVE ENGINEER PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

RIVER CONSERVANCY DIVISION TRICHY-9.

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The brief history of the Tamil Nadu Public Works Department can be traced back

to the period of the East India Company as far back as to 1820s. This is the third oldest

Department, the first two being the Revenue Department and Judiciary. When many parts

of India came directly under the British Crown, the Public Works Department had become

the Government Department in 1858. Public Works Department is executing and

maintaining all the Government buildings and all Irrigation Projects such as Dams, Canals,

Tanks, Multi various works such as construction of buildings, roads, bridges, culverts,

water harvesting structures.

1.2 TYPE OF PROJECT

It is a project based quarrying to remove the shoals, to restore the designed storage

capacity of barrage in upstream and increase the functional efficiency of discharge in

downstream during the maximum flood. The area applied for grant of ML is on the river bed

above the sill of barrage in upstream and downstream. The sand shoals above the river bed

are to quarry to make the river section hydro-logically safe. The mining plan has been

prepared for production of 15,01,247 m3 for three year period. Please refer table No.1 for year

wise development and production.

Table 1.0 (year wise production)

Village S. F.

No.

Down Stream Up Stream Total Qty

in Cu. M. 1st Year

2nd

Year

3rd

Year

1st

Year

2nd

Year

3rd

Year

Silaipillaiyaputhur 288 (Block 1) (Block 2)

843075 175516 208713 276055 104653 43156 34982

Sriramasamudram 293 - (Block 3)

658172 - - - 254993 201395 201784

Total 175516 208713 276055 359646 244551 236766 1501247

The first Technical Presentation(For ToR approval) was held on 22-11-13.The Public

Works Department prepares the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report as per TOR

issued vide Letter No. J-11015/343/2013-IA II (M), GOI, Ministry of Environment and Forests,

I.A. Division in 14th meeting of the Reconstituted Committee of the Expert Appraisal

Committee for Environmental Appraisal of Mining projects constituted under EIA notification

2006 to carry out the Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) studies spanning one

season Viz December 2013 to February 2014 , so as to delineate Environmental Management

Plans (EMP) to mitigate any adverse impacts due to mining activity caused by the quarrying

operation to remove the sand shoals in upstream and downstream of Kattalai old bed regulator

in Karur District.

As per the New EIA Notification dated 14-9-06 as amended on 1-12-09, this project

falls in category ‘A’.

1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

The interlinking of river is the vision of our Tamil Nadu State Government and play a

role model for entire Nation. It is widely accepted that the interlinking of river is the need of

the hour. To fulfill the vision, our State Government is taking the pioneering effort to link the

river Agniyar, Southvellar, Manimutharu, Vaigai, Gundaru with River Cauvery in first phase

by constructing the Kattalai Barrage across Cauvery river at Mayanur village,

Krishnarayapuram Taluk of Karur district. It would serve the intra-state river linking plan to

provide water to parched districts in the south Tamil Nadu. Excess water during floods in the

Cauvery could be diverted to the parched areas in the southern districts by linking the

Agniyaru, Koraiyaru, Manimutharu, Vaigai and Gundaru. The construction of Barrage at

Kattalai is an important inevitable in linking rivers in the southern peninsula which was

proposed by National Water Development Agency (NWDA).Based on that, the Government

of Tamil Nadu sanctioned an amount of Rupees 165 Cores for the construction of Barrage

across the River Cauvery at 250 Meters downstream of existing Kattalai bed regulator in

Mayanur village of Krishnarayapuram taluk in Karur district of Tamil Nadu in

G.O.Ms.No.116 PW(N2) Dept. dated: 09.05.2008 under Accelerated Irrigation Benefit

Programme. The continuous deposition of sand on the upstream and downstream of Kattalai

old bed regulator which is situated 250 meters, upstream side of new barrage on the river

Cauvery has caused serious problem for the very existence of bed regulator itself . This

envisages danger mark for the bed regulator. The solution to the above problem is to remove

the sand shoals in the river by expending huge amount. Alternatively, the economical solution

to this problem is to quarry the sand to remove the shoals. This option would yield net Revenue

to the State exchequer apart from making available the important construction material for

infrastructure development at a reasonable price to the common people.

1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

TABLE NO. 2

1. Location

A. Villages Sriramasamuthiram and Sillaipillayaputhur

B. Tehsil Thottiyam

C. District Trichy

D. State Tamil Nadu

2. Latitude 10°57’46.0”N to 10°58’02.1”N

10°57’29.4”N to 10°57’40.9”N

3. Longitude 78°12’28.9”E to 78°13’38.7”E

78°12’28.5”E to 78°13’48.0”E

4. Toposheet No. -

Project Details

5. Cost of the Project Rs. 6.66 Crores /-

6. Cost for Environmental Protection Rs. 0.55 Crores /-

7. Cost for Socio-economic development

fund to village panchayat

Rs. 4.51 Crores /-

8. Total Area Total Area is 196.25 ha.

(SF No. 293 of Sriramasamuthiram Village and SF No.288

of Silaipilayaputtur Village of River Cauvery Bed)

9. Green Belt Development The village panchayat will be instructed to plant trees in

available Govt. poromboke land.

10. Total Power Requirement #No power requirement at quarry site.

#2 Nos. of excavator of bucket size 0.90 cum operated by

Diesel.

#The quarry operation hour is between 7.00 AM to 5.00

PM only.

11. Total Water Requirement # 0.1 KLD for Drinking

#0.3 KLD for Domestic Purpose

# 10 KLD for Dust Suppression

12. Total Man Power Requirement 18 Nos.

Climatology

(Winter Season,2013-2014)

13. A. Temperature 10.40°C to 35.40°C

B. Relative Humidity

At 8:30 hrs.

At 17.30 hrs.

76% to 96%

37% to 100%

14. Pre Dominant Wind Direction From SE

Environmental Settings of the Area

15. Nearest State Highway NH 67 in Southern Side

SH 25 in Northern Side

16. Nearest Railway Station Mayanur (a km away in southern side)

17. Nearest Airport Trichy - 65 Km

18. Nearest Town/City Karur - 21 km, Kulithalai - 20 km

Musiri - 25 km, Thottiyam - 15 km

19. Ecological Sensitive Areas (National

Park, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves etc.)

No National Park, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Biosphere

Reserves falls in the 10 km radius of study area.

20. Forest Land Not involved

21. Court Case/Litigation pending against

the project

Nil

22. Seismic Zone Zone – II

1.5 LOCATION MAP

1.6 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROPOSED PROJECT

1.6.1 REQUIREMENT OF LOADING EQUIPMENTS

S.No Name of Machinery Nos. M3/Hr. Capacity

1. Excavator 200 -220 2 80 0.90 cu. m.

2. Water sprinkler 2 - 6000 Lit.

1.6.2 REQUIREMENT OF WATER

a. Drinking 0.1

KLD

Brought from the nearby community wells

after obtaining permission from panchayat

authorities or from approved water vendors.

b. Domestic Purpose 0.3

KLD

For Domestic purpose will be brought from

well owned by PWD.

c. Dust Suppression

And afforestation

10

KLD

For dust suppression will be brought from

River.

1.6.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

Technically Skilled

1. PWD Engineers : 1 No.

Total : 1 No.

Skilled

1. Excavator Operators : 2 Nos.

2. Co-operator : 2 Nos.

Total : 4 Nos.

Semi-Skilled

1. Supervisors / clerks : 2 Nos.

Un-Skilled

1. Helpers : 8 Nos.

2. Watchman : 2 Nos.

3. Office boy : 1 No.

Total : 11 Nos.

Grand Total : 18 Nos.

1.6.4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS

Temporary approach roads will be formed to connect the existing road and quarry site

by using sand and bio-degradable materials

Necessary temporary pipes will be provided to allow the existing stream flow without

any obstruction.

2 Nos. of Poclains (earth excavators) will be used to load the sand into the

tippers/lorries/trucks.

No long-term dismantling or decommissioning is involved in this project. The river

bed gets its reclamation during irrigation and flood. Hence the proposed mining

project will not have any significant impact on the environment.

Necessary pipes will be provided across the lean flow

Transported to needy customers

Loading directly in to consumers lorry/ trucks after getting the

Demand Draft for sand cost as fixed by the State Government

Directly scooping of sand shoals on the river bed using

Poclains

Transport permit will be issued at the exit point

1.7 PROCESS OF QUARRYING

Approach road to mine area will be formed using sand and

Bio-degradable materials like sugarcane leaves

.

2.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

2.1 PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS ( AIR,NOISE,WATER & SOIL)

Baseline study of the area (i.e., 10 km radius from the project boundary) was conducted

during Winter Season, from Dec 2013 to Feb 2014). Monitoring for air quality, ambient noise

levels, water quality and soil quality was conducted at respective sampling locations. The

study for land use pattern, study for demography, flora & fauna has also been conducted.

The PM10 concentration for all the 8 AAQ monitoring stations ranges between 64 µg/m3

and 147 µg/m3. The PM10 values in location like Mayanur VAO office has been found to be

slightly higher side, because the factors like worn out BT surface village road to Mayanur,

adjacent NH 67 and railway track. The necessary mitigation measures such as renewing BT

road and continuous wetting in adjacent pavement to avoid any dust generation due to

proposed quarry operation to keep the values with in standard limit.

The PM2.5 ranges between 0 µg/m3 to 128 µg/m

3.

The values of PM2.5 in

Sriramasamudram village panchayat office, sillaipillaiyaputtur village panchayat office and

Mayanur drinking water scheme has been found to be slightly higher side, because the factors

like worn out BT surface village road. The necessary mitigation measures such as renewing

BT road and continuous wetting in adjacent pavement to avoid any dust generation due to

proposed quarry operation to keep the values with in standard limit.

The SO2 ranges between Below Detectable Limit (BDL) and 1.51 µg/m3.The NO2

ranges between BDL and 2.56 µg/m3. The above values of AAQ stations are well with in the

prescribed limit.

The noise levels vary from 53.2 Leq to 79 Leq during day time and 42.3 Leq to 64.3 Leq

during night hours. The average noise level at all locations were observed to be within the

prescribed limits.

The analysis results for soil shows that soil is purely sand. The percentage of Silica is

predominant. The percentage of Fe, Ca and Mg are found to be small. The Mica and other

rare metals are below detectable limit and found to be ignored.

2.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

FLORA

The distribution of vegetation at different sites, its density, dominance, frequency,

Importance Value Index (IVI), economic importance, and medicinal uses were studied and

the results are given in the following sections. Based on the study carried out in core and

buffer zones 109 plant species were recorded in the study area.

The plant species were classified into agricultural crops, commercial crops,

plantation, natural vegetation, endangered and endemic plants and medicinal plants. It was

found that Borassus flabellifer, Brassica juncea, Cocos nucifera, Gossypium hirsutum,

Mangifera indica, Momordica charantia, Moringa oleifera, Phoenix dactylifera, Musa

paradisiacal, Oryza sativum, Pithecelobium dulce, Psidium guazava, Punica granatum,

Saccharum offcinarum, Sesamum indicum, Solanum melongina, Solanum nigrum, Sorghum

bicolor, Tamarindus indicus,and Zea mays were the cultivated plants in the core zone. None

of these zones possess endangered and endemic plants.

It was observed that the Flora, which includes herbs, shrubs and trees, were sparsely

distributed in core zone.

Around the core zone the natural vegetation showed moderate growth. The core zone

has herbaceous and shrubby vegetation which are scarcely distributed.

Among natural vegetation the common herbs such as Croton, common grasses like

Aristida adscensionis, Aristida funiculate, Arundo donax, and Cynodon dactylon, were in the

study areas. Less population of herbs were found in the core zone when compared to the

buffer zone. Regarding shrubs, Jatropha, Cassia, and Calotropis were thriving well in

drought hit areas.

FAUNA

Both direct and indirect observation methods were used to survey the fauna. Visual

encounter (search) method was employed to record vertebrate species. Additionally survey

of relevant literature was also done to consolidate the list of vertebrate fauna distributed in

the study area.

Since birds may be considered as indicators for monitoring and understanding human

impacts on ecological systems (Lawton, 1996) attempt was made to gather quantitative data.

In the study area, the animal survey was conducted in all the sampling sites along with

the plants. The study includes surveys of the animal communities such as aquatic organisms,

insects, molluscans, reptiles, fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals. Based on the faunal

study, this area seems to support a variety of diverse animal species.

All other faunal species of Pisces, Amphibians Molluscans, insects, butterflies are

common species only.

Hence quarrying will not have any direct negative impact on the faunal diversity.

2.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

The population of the study area(for 10 km radius of project site) as per 2011

census records is 229559.Scheduled Caste fraction of the study area (10 km) is

41.45% and Scheduled Tribe 0.06%.Percentage of literacy is 65.30% and that of

workers those actually engaged in occupation is 54%.

3.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

In sand mining, various mining activities viz scooping of sand, loading and

transportation is significant. The levels of ambient air quality

(i.e.,PM10,PM2.5,SOX,and NOX )within the buffer zone and core zone stations are well

within the permissible limits. However, with proper management, reduction in high

levels of dust concentration is suppressed by water spraying on all the haul roads. It

also proposed to develop the green belt through village panchayat by providing

seinorage charge funds.

The sources of Noise in mining area are due to excavation and trucks in the river

bed.In the EMP, it is proposed to suggest noise protection measures for machinery

and workers and also development of green belt will keep the noise levels well within

the limits.

In mining activity, water availability and water quality are two major aspects

considered for base line status of water environment. In this sand mining project, the

study on removal of excess sand shoals to restore the river hydrological regime will

not cause any increase in suspended solids in surface water. It will also ensure that the

overall drainage plan should be done in such way that the existing lean stream flow

will not get affected by providing necessary number of pipes using sand and

biodegradable materials to approach the sand shoals.

Natural gradient of the river bed shall be maintained for the free flow of water. The

minimum quantity of water for drinking and domestic purpose for labours working in

quarry needed from nearby community wells or bore wells. The process of sand

mining does not require any water. The domestic waste water generated from Eco-

Toilets out side the bank will be discharged safely in to septic tank.

Regarding land environment, the area falls under river bed, classified as river

poromboke owned by Public Works Department. The mining on sand shoals to make

the river cross section hydrologically safe and to restore the designed storage capacity

of newly constructed barrage in upstream and to discharge the maximum flood in

downstream. The sand mining on shoals itself is a reclamation measure of lease area

in proposed project. In the buffer Zone area, land is used mainly for agricultural

purpose.

Regarding biological environment of flora, the study reveals that, the vegetation

encountered in the study area is termed as the original characteristic of Thorn forests /

Scrub forests intermingled with aquatic herbs and social forestry maintained by the

State Forest Department. The core zone comprises of small herbs, sedges and grasses

with sparse distribution of trees that are well adapted to the sandy and fallow lands.

Based on the faunal study, this area seems to support a variety of diverse animal

species. All other faunal species of Pisces, Amphibians Molluscans, insects,

butterflies are common species only.

The study area (10 km radius from the project site) is not having any National Park,

Wild Life Sanctuary or Biosphere Reserve etc.

4.0 POST PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Environmental Monitoring Programme will be conducted for various

environmental components as per conditions stipulated. Biyearly reports will be

submitted on regular basis, to MoEF on 1st of June and 1

st of December. Details of the

Environmental Monitoring schedule, which will be undertaken for various

environmental components, are detailed below:

Table No: 3

S. No DESCRIPTION FREQUENCY OF

MONITORING

1. Meteorological Data Daily

2. Ambient Air Quality Quarterly

3. Water Quality Quarterly

4. Noise Level Monitoring Quarterly

5.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

The Additional studies conducted as per the Terms of References issued in 14th

meeting of the Reconstituted Committee of the Expert Appraisal Committee for

Environmental Appraisal of Mining projects constituted under EIA notification 2006 on

22-11-2013 to carry out the on Replenishment study, details of transportation of mined

out materials, Proper species specific Conservation plan for Schedule-I and II species

and Impact of mining on plankton.

6.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

The removal of sand will restore the storage capacity i.e., 1.04 TMC of water during

non Mettur season in upstream side and to increase the functional efficiency of

discharging the maximum flood in downstream side.

To influence the better recharge of sandy bed by storing water during non Mettur

season. It will be useful for number of existing and proposed drinking water schemes

during summer season when the flow in the river is minimum. It is estimated that the

tapping of subsurface water in this chainage of river is about 135 MLD, will benefit

22 lakhs people up to District of Madurai.

Uninterrupted supply of sand to the common public at affordable prices for reducing

the construction cost.

Augmentation of the revenue to the State exchequer.

7.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

The EMP is prepared for formulation, implementation and monitoring of all

local developmental and environmental protection measures during mining.

Environmental Management measures are suggested to mitigate the possible negative

impacts that may be caused to the various attributes of environment due to the

proposed mining operations at Sriramasamuthiram and Silaipillayaputtur village of

U/S and D/S of newly constructed barrage across Cauvery. Since the area of mining

operation is confined to a limited extent of 196.25 Ha, there will be no appreciable

change or adverse effect on the rainfall, temperature, humidity and wind direction /

velocity, at any point of time. This project is not expected to hear any change on the

expected to hear any change on the meteorological aspects.

7.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Prevent spillages of materials on the paved surfaces during materials transportation by

covering tarpaulin sheets.

Speed controls on vehicle movements.

Wind reduction control by plantation.

Water sprinkling on unpaved areas using a water tanker.

7.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The overall drainage plan should be done in such a manner that the exiting lean

stream thus will not get affected by providing necessary number of pipelines using

sand and bio gradable materials to approach the sand shoals.

Quarrying shall not be carried out during rainy days or days of flood and it shall be

ensured that the quarrying operation shall not disturbs the flow of river at any point of

quarrying.

Natural Gradient of the river bed shall be maintained for the free flow of water.

7.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Regular preventive maintenance of excavators and road worthy, Regional transport

officer certified Public carrier trucks are permitted to enter the quarry site.

Provision of the silencers to modulate the noise generated by the machines shall be

made wherever required.

Provision of ear muffs/ear plugs to HEMM operators.

Planting of trees with thick foliage along roads to act an acoustic barrier.

7.4 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT AND AFFORESTATION

The development of the green belt is mainly for buffering the air borne dust and for

attenuation of noise levels. By planting a combination of trees which can grow fast

and with denser foliage the desired effect of trapping the air borne dust, noise

reduction and increasing the aesthetic appeal will be largely acheived.

Here, the lease area is in the riverbed. There is a thick vegetational cover in either

side of river bank. However, the seinorage charges given to local panchayat (i.e.

nearly twenty percent of revenue of sand sale) as a corporate social responsibility will

be instructed to sapple the plants wherever the Government poromboke land

available.

The green belt shall be developed in consultation with the local forest authorities

regarding the selection of site specific species, seeding management, plantation

techniques and their up keep by deseeding, manuring and regular watering.

7.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND HYGIENE

The workers engaged in quarry site have been provided with personal protective

equipments like helmets, hand gloves, masks, safety shoes, goggles, ear plugs etc.

Besides that, the rest shed will be provided at site for workers with first aid kits. It is

proposed to engage only 18 numbers of skilled and unskilled persons including

Assistant Engineer, PWD for entire quarry operation.

The required facilities at the Public Health Center at Sriramasamuthiram to conduct

medical examination and treatment if necessary.

7.6 PERIPHERAL DEVELOPMENT

Out of collecting the cost of sand Rs. 800/- per 2 units, Rs. 170.00 (nearby 20% of

net revenue of project) will be remitted to the local panchayat administration to

improve the socio-economic development of the village. It is nearly twenty percent

of total cost of the project will be given by the State Govt. to concern village

panchayat as a corporate Social Responsibility while operating the sand quarry.

The fund will be used to develop the social infrastructures like constructing the

community hall, improving the road, providing drinking water facilities, improving

drainage facilities, improving minor irrigation systems, improving the health system

in village panchayat, improving the education infrastructure facilities, developing the

green belts in available poromboke land and other facilities to the village panchayat.

It is necessary to say that the State Government is voluntarily fixed this amount to

ensure the CSR to local people while operating the sand quarry.

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vjph;kiw tpisTfs; epfoh tz;zk; Muha;e;J nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; %yk; jahhpj;J

mspf;fg;gl;l Rw;W#oy; Ma;T jpl;l mwpf;if (REIA) khw;wp mikf;fg;gl;l

fkpl;bapd; 14-tJ $l;lj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;l Fwpg;Giwapd;gb brk;gh; 2013 Kjy; gpg;uthp

2014 tiu Ma;T nra;J vjph;kiw tpisTfs; Vw;glh tz;zk; Rw;W#oy; guhkhpg;G

jpl;lk; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lkhdJ 01.12.2009 md;W jpUj;jg;gl;l 14.09.2006

Gjpa EIA mwptpj;jy;gb ,j;jpl;lk; ‘A’ tifahFk;.

1.3 jpl;l Njitg;ghL:

ekJ jkpo;ehL murhy; nray;gLj;jg;gl;L tUk; ejpePh; ,izg;G jpl;lkhdJ

ehL KOikf;Fk; xU Kd;khjphpahf tpsq;FfpwJ. ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ejpePh;

,izg;ghdJ midtUf;Fk; Njitahd xd;whFk;. f&h; khtl;lk;> fpU~;zuhaGuk;

tl;lk;> khaD}h; fpuhkj;jpy; fhtphp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf fl;lis fjtiz jpl;lkhdJ>

ekJ jkpof murpd; njhiyNehf;F ghh;itapd; fPo; mf;dpahW> njw;F nts;shW>

kzpKj;jhW> itif> Fz;lhW Mfpa ejpfis fhtphp Mw;Wld; ,izf;f> ejpfs;

,izg;G jpl;lj;jpd; Kjy; fl;lkhf nray;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; njd;

jkpofj;jpy; twl;rpahd gFjpfSf;F jz;zPh; Njitapid G+h;j;jp nra;a ,aYk;.

fhtphp Mw;wpy; nts;sfhyj;jpy; tUk; mjpfg;gbahd cghp ePhpid njd;khtl;lj;jpy;

cs;s twl;rpahd gFjpfSf;F mf;dpahW> NfhiuahW> kzpKj;jhW> itif kw;Wk;

Fz;lhW Mfpa ejpfis ,izg;gjd; %yk; jz;zPh;Njitfis G+h;j;jp nra;a

,aYk;. fhtphpapd; FWf;Nf fl;lisapy; fl;lg;gl;LtUk; fjtizahdJ

njd;jkpofj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd ejpePh; ,izg;G jpl;lgFjp vd Njrpa ePh; Nkyhz;ik

FOkk; (NWDA) %yk; Kd;nkhopag;gl;;lJ. mjd; mbg;gilapy; f&h; khtl;lk;>

fpU~;zuhaGuk; tl;lk;> khaD}h; fpuhkj;jpy; Vw;fdNt cs;s fl;lis gLif

mizapypUe;J> 250 kPl;lh; njhiytpd; fPo;gFjpapy; fhthp Mw;wpd; FWf;Nf

fjtiz fl;Ltjw;F muR Miz vz; 116 PWD ehs; 09.05.2008-d; gb &. 165

Nfhb AIBP jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gjpa fjtizapd; Nky;gFjpapy; 250 kPl;lh; njhiytpy; cs;s gioa

fl;lis mizapd; Nky;gFjpapYk; fPo;gFjpapYk; njhlh;e;J gbAk; kzy;

jpl;Lfshy; Gjpa fjtiz kpfTk;; ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shFk; epiy cs;sJ. ,J

fjtizf;F mghafukhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. Nkw; $wg;gl;l tpisTfis

rhp nra;a Mw;wpy; cs;s kzy; jpl;Lfis mfw;w kpfTk; $Ljy; njhif

Njitg;gLk;. nghUshjhu hPjpapy; ,jw;F khw;W Vw;glhf kzy; jpl;Lfis Fthhp

(Quarrying) %yk; mfw;WtJ rhpahd jPh;thFk;. ,jd; %yk; murpw;F Neub tUtha;

fpilg;gJld;; fl;Lkhd gzpf;F Kf;fpa Njitahd kzy;> epahakhd tpiyapy;

nghJkf;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;.

1.4 jpl;l tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz vz;: 2 t.vz; jfty; tpguk;

1. ,lk;

m. fpuhkq;fs; =uhkrKj;jpuk; kw;Wk; rPiygps;isahGJ}h;

M. tl;lk; njhl;bak;

,. khtl;lk; jpUr;rp

<. khepyk; jkpo;ehL

2. ml;r Nuif 10°57’ 46.0” to 10°58’ 02.1”

10°57’ 29.4” to 10°57’ 40.9” (t)

3. jPh;f;f Nuif 78°12’ 28.9” to 78°13’ 38.7”

78°12’ 28.5” to 78°13’ 48.0” (fp)

4. $l;L tiuglk; -

jpl;l tpguk;

5. jpl;l kjpg;G &gha; 6.66 Nfhb

6. Rw;W #oy; ghJfhg;G epjp &gha; 0.55 Nfhb

7. fpuhk Cuhl;rp r%f ghJfhg;G epjp &gha; 4.51 Nfhb

8. nkhj;j gug;gsT 196.25 n`f;Nlh;

Gyvz; 293 =uhkrKj;jpuk;

Gyvz; 288 rPiygps;isahGJ}h;

fpuhkk; fhtphp gLif

9. gRik R+oy; tphpthf;fk; jw;NghJ cs;s muR Gwk;Nghf;F

epyq;fspy; kuf;fd;Wfs; el;L guhkhpf;f

fpuhk Cuhl;rpf;F mwpTWj;jg;gLk;.

10. Njitg;gLk; nkhj;j kpd; Mw;wy; Fthhp nra;ag;gLk; ,lj;jpy; kpd; Mw;wy;

Njit ,y;iy. Bry; %yk; ,af;fg;gLk;

0.90 fd kPl;lh; cs;s ,ae;jpu thspAld;

$ba ,ae;jpuk; kzy; ms;Sk;. Fthhp

nray;gLk; Neuk; fhiy 7.00 kzp Kjy;

khiy 5.00 kzp tiu.

11. Njitg;gLk; nkhj;j ePh; Njit 0.1 fpNyh ypl;lh; / ehs; xd;Wf;F

FbePUf;fhf.

0.3 fpNyh ypl;lh; / ehs; xd;Wf;F

gpw cgNahfj;jpw;F.

10 fpNyh ypl;lh; / ehs; xd;Wf;F

J}R guthky; jLj;jy;.

12. Njitahd kdpj tsk; 18 egh;fs;

jl;gntg;gk;

(Fsph;fhyk; brk;gh; 2013 Kjy; gpg;uthp 2014 tiu)

13. m. ntg;gepiy 10.40°C to 35.40° C

M. <ug;gjk;

fhiy 8.30 kzp

khiy 17.30 kzp

76% to 96%

37% to 100%

14. fhw;W tPRk; jpir njd;fpof;F

mUfpy; cs;s Kf;fpa ,lq;fs;

15. khepy neLQ;rhiy Njrpa neLQ;rhiy 67 – njw;F jpir

khepy neLQ;rhiy 25 – tlf;F jpir

16. mUfpy; cs;s Gif tz;b

epiyak;

khaD}h; 1 fpNyh kPl;lh; - njw;F

17. mUfpy; cs;s tpkhd epiyak; jpUr;rp – 65 fpNyh kPl;lh;

18. mUfpy; cs;s efuk; f&h; – 21 fpNyh kPl;lh;

Fspj;jiy – 20 fpNyh kPl;lh;

Krpwp – 25 fpNyh kPl;lh;

njhl;bak; – 15 fpNyh kPl;lh;

19. Rw;W#oy; Kf;fpaj;Jt ,lq;fs;

(Njrpa G+q;fh> td tpyq;F

10 fpNyh kPl;lh; Rw;wstpy; VJkpy;iy

tho;tplk;> caph;f;Nfhs; tho;tplk;)

20. td epyk; ,y;iy

21. tof;F / gpuhJ VJkpy;iy

22. epy eLf;f kz;lyk; ,uz;lhk; kz;lyk;

1.5 jpl;lj;jpd; ,Ug;gpl tiuglk;:

,Ug;gpl tiuglk;

1.6 jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd nghUl;fs;:

1.6.1 kzy; Vw;w Njitahd cgfuzq;fs;:

t.vz; cgfuzj;jpd; ngah; vz;zpf;if msT/kzp nfhs;ssT

1. kz; vLf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk;

200–220 2 80 0.90 fd kPl;lh;

2. jz;zPh; njspg;ghd; 2 - 6000 ypl;lh;

1.6.2. jz;zPh; Njit

m. FbePh; 0.10 fpNyh ypl;lh; /

ehs; xd;Wf;F

Cuhl;rp mYtyfq;fs;

my;yJ mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l

jz;zPh; tpw;gidahshplk;

my;yJ mDkjp ngw;W

mUfpy; cs;s rKjha

fpzw;wpy; vLj;jy;

M. gpw cgNahfk; 0.3 fpNyh ypl;lh; /

ehs; xd;Wf;F

nghJg;gzpj;Jiwf;F

nrhe;jkhd fpzWfs;

,. J}R guthky;

jLj;jy;

10 fpNyh ypl;lh; /

ehs; xd;Wf;F

fhtphp Mw;wpypUe;J vLj;jy;

1.6.3 Ntiy tha;g;G

njhopy; El;g mYtyh;:

1. nghJg;gzpj;Jiw nghwpahsh;fs; : 1 egh;

jpwd; cilath;

1. kz; vLf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; ,af;Fgth;: 2 egh;fs; 2. cjtpahsh; : 2 egh;fs;

nkhj;jk; : 4 egh;fs;

gFjp jpwd; cila egh;fs;

Nkw;ghh;itahsh; / fpshh;f; : 2 egh;fs;

njhopyhsh;fs;:

1. cjtpahs; : 8 egh;fs;

2. fhtyhsp : 2 egh;fs;

3. mYtyf fhg;ghsh; : 1 egh;fs;

nkhj;jk; : 11 egh;fs;

nkhj;j $l;L : 18 egh;fs;

1.6.4 ,ju Njitfs;:

jw;NghJ cs;s rhiyapidAk; Fthhp jsj;ijAk; ,izf;f jw;fhypf

rhiyfis kzy; kw;Wk; kl;Fk; nghUl;fis nfhz;L mikj;jy;

jw;NghJs;s ePNuhl;lk; jilapd;wp ntspNa nry;y> Njitahd jw;fhypf

Foha;fs; mikj;jy;.

yhhp> bg;gh; kw;Wk; buf;Ffspy; kzy; Vw;Wtjw;F ,uz;L kz; vLf;Fk;

,ae;jpuq;fs; cgNahfpj;jy;.

ghrd fhyk; kw;Wk; nts;s fhyj;jpy; Mw;wpd; jskl;Lk; kPz;Lk; jdJ

gioa epiyia mile;JtpLk;. vdNt ,j;jpl;lk; ve;j xU Rw;W#oYf;Fk;

ghjpg;G Vw;gLj;jhJ.

1.7 Fthhpapd; nray;ghL:

rPuhd ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F jil Vw;glh tz;zk; Foha;fs; mikj;jy;

2.0 Rw;W#oy; tpguq;fs;:

Fthhp nra;Ak; ,lj;jpw;F nry;y kzy; kw;Wk; fUk;G Njhif Nghd;w kf;Fk;

nghUl;fis nfhz;L mZF rhiy mikj;jy;.

nghf;iyd; ,ae;jpuk; nfhz;L Neubahf kzy;

mfw;Wjy;

Efh;Nthh; yhhp> buf;Ffspy; muR eph;zak; nra;ag;gl;l kzy; tpiyf;F tiuTfhNrhiy

ngw;W nfhz;L kzy; Vw;wp mDg;Gjy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J mDkjprPl;L Fthhpapy; ,Ue;J yhhp

ntspNaWk; ,lj;jpy; toq;Fjy;

kzy; Njitg;gLk; thbf;ifahsh;fSf;F kzy;

toq;Fjy;

2.1 Ma;T KbTfs; (fhw;W> xyp> ePh;> kz;)

jpl;l vy;iyapypUe;J 10 fp.kP. njhiytpw;Fs; brk;gh; 2013 Kjy; gpg;uthp 2014

tiu Fsph;fhyj;jpy; mbg;gil Ma;Tfspd; Kbtpd; gb fhw;wpd; juk;> xypapd; msT

ePhpd; juk;> kz;zpd; jd;ik Kjypad Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l

khjphpapd; gb Nrhjpf;fg;gl;ld. epy gad;ghL gw;wpa Ma;Tk;> kf;fs; njhif> jhtu

tif> tpyq;fpdq;fs; Fwpj;j Ma;Tk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

8 ,lq;fspy; vLf;fg;gl;l Nrhjid khjphpfspd; gb PM10 msT 64 µg/m3

kw;Wk; 147 µg/m3-f;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;sJ. Njrpa neLQ;rhiy vz; 67> Giftz;b

ghij kw;Wk; rpjpyile;j jhh;rhiy mUfpy; cs;sjhy; khaD}h; fpuhk eph;thf

mYtyf tshfj;jpy; PM10 kjpg;G md;W cah;e;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jJ. Fthhp

eilngWk; nghOJ jhh;rhiy Gduikg;G kw;Wk; mjd; gf;fq;fspy; J}R guthky;

,Uf;f njhlh;r;rpahf ePh; njspg;ghd; nfhz;L ePh; njspj;J mjd; msT

eph;zapf;fg;gl;l msTf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;.

PM2.5-d; msT 0 µg/m3 Kjy; 128 µg/m

3-f;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;sJ. PM2.5-d;

msT =uhkrKj;jpuk; fpuhk Cuhl;rp mYtyfk;> rPiyg;gps;isahGJ}h; fpuhk Cuhl;rp

mYtyfk; kw;Wk; khaD}h; FbePh; jpl;lk; Mfpa ,lq;fspd; Nrjkile;j fpuhk

jhh;rhiy mUfpy; ,Ue;jjhy; PM2.5 kjpg;G rw;W $Ljyhf ,Ue;jJ. Fthhp

eilngWk; nghOJ jhh;rhiy Gduikg;G kw;Wk; mjd; gf;fq;fspy; J}R guthky;

,Uf;f njhlh;r;rpahf ePh; njspg;ghd; nfhz;L ePh; njspj;J mjd; msT

eph;zapf;fg;gl;l msTf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;.

SO2-d; msT fzpf;f Kbahj msT (BDL) kw;Wk; 1.51 µg/m3-f;Fk; ,ilapy;

cs;sJ. NO2-d; msT fzpf;f Kbahj msT (BDL) kw;Wk; 2.56 µg/m3-f;Fk;

,ilapy; cs;sJ. Nkw;fz;l msthdJ eph;zapf;fgl;l epiyaq;fspy; (AAQ

Stations) tiuaWf;fg;gl;l msTf;Fs; cs;sJ. Xypapd; msT gfy; Neuq;fspy;

53.2 Leq Kjy; 79 Leq kw;Wk; ,uT Neuq;fspy; 42.3 Leq Kjy; 64.3 Leq tiu

NtWgl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;fz;l ruhrhp xypapd; msT tiuaWf;fg;gl;l msTf;Fs;

cs;sJ.

kz; ghpNrhjid Kbtpd; gb kz; KOtJk; kzyhf cs;sJ. rpypfhtpd;

msT kpFjpahfTk;> Fe, Ca kw;Wk; Mg Mfpait Fiwe;j msTk; cs;sJ. ikf;fh

kw;Wk; ,ju fdpkq;fs; kpf Fiwe;j msNt cs;sJ.

2.2 caphpay; Rw;W#oy;:

jhtu ,dq;fs;:

gy;NtW ,lq;fspy; cs;s jhtuq;fspd; gug;G> mjd; mlh;j;jp> vz;zpf;if

Kf;fpa kjpg;G FwpaPL> nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt gad;fs; Ma;T

nra;ag;gl;L mjd; KbTfs; gpd;tUk; gphpTfspy; njhptpf;fg;gl;lJ. cs;kz;lyk;

kw;Wk; ntspkz;lyq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy; Ma;T gFjpapy;

109 jhtu ,dq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;lJ.

Nkw;fz;l jhtu ,dq;fs;> tptrha gaph;fs;> tzpf gaph;fs;> ,aw;if

jhtuq;fs;> mhpjhf fhzg;gLk; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; kUj;Jt jhtuq;fs; vd

tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpd;tUk; jhtu tiffshd gid> fLF> njd;id> gUj;jp>

kh> KUq;if> <r;ir> thio> ney;> fha;e;j Gy;> nfha;ah> khJis> fUk;G> vs;>

fj;jphp> Nrhsg;gaph;> kw;Wk; Gsp Mfpait cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba gaph;fshf cs;sJ.

mopAk; epiyapy; cs;s jhtuq;fs; Nkw;f;$wpa gFjpfspy; VJk; ,y;iy. Fthhpapd;

ikag; gFjpapy; Gy;> Gjh; kw;Wk; kuq;fs; Nghd;w jhtu tiffs; mlh;j;jp Fiwthf

gutp tsh;e;Js;sJ.

cs; kz;lyj;ij Rw;wpAs;s gFjpapy; ,aw;if jhtu tiffs; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

cs;kz;lyj;jpy; nghJthf Gjh;nrbfs;> FNuhl;lhd;];> Gy; tiffs; Aristida

Adscensionis, Aristida Funiculate kpfg;nghpa gpuk;G> rkntspapy; tsUk; Gy;fs;

cs;sd. ntspg;gFjpapy; xg;gpLk; NghJ Fiwe;j msT Gjh;fs; cs;gFjpapy;

cs;sJ. twl;rp ghjpf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; Shrubs, Jatropha, Cassia, and Calotropis

Mfpaitfs; ed;whf tsUk;.

tpyq;fpdq;fs;:

Neub kw;Wk; kiwKf fz;fhzpg;G mbg;gilapy; Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

Neub ghh;it Kiwapy; KJnfYk;Gld; $ba tpyq;fpdq;fs; Njlg;gl;lJ. Nkw;fz;l

Ma;T gFjpapy; KJnfYk;Gld; $ba tdg;gl;baypy; xUq;fpidf;f Ma;T

nra;ag;gl;lJ.

kdpjh;fshy; Rw;Wr;R+oYf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fj;ij fz;lwpa gwit ,dj;ij

Ma;Tf;F vLj;J nfhz;L mstplg;gLfpwJ. (Lawton 1996)

Ma;T gFjpapy; midj;J khjphp jsq;fspYk; jhtuq;fSld; $ba

tpyq;fpdq;fspd; msT nra;ag;gl;lJ. tpyq;fpdq;fspd; tifghL Ma;tpy; ePh;tho;

caphpdq;fs;> G+r;rpfs;> Ch;td> kPd;fs;> ePh;epy tho;td> gwitfs; kw;Wk;

ghY}l;bfs; mlq;Fk;. ,e;j mbg;gil Ma;tpd; %yk; ,g;gFjpapy; gy;NtW

tpyq;Ffspd; ,dq;fs; ,Ug;gJ njhpfpwJ. ,g;gFjpapy; ePh;epy nky;Ylypfs;>

G+r;rpfs;> midj;J tpyq;fpdq;fs; kw;Wk; gl;lhk; G+r;rpfs; Nghd;witfs;

nghJthditahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt Fthhp nra;tjhy; Neub vjph;kiw

jhf;fj;ij tpyq;FfSf;Fk; gwitfSf;Fk; Vw;gLj;jhJ.

2.3 r%f nghUshjhu #oy;:

10 fp.kP Rw;wstpy; cs;s kf;fs; njhif 2011 Mz;L fzf;fpd; gb 229559.

,th;fspy; jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fs; 41.45 rjtPjk;> goq;Fbapdh; 0.06 rjtPjk;> fy;tpawpT

ngw;Nwhh; 65.30 rjtPjk; kw;Wk; Rkhh; 54 rjtPjk; kf;fs; njhopy;fspy; <LgLfpd;wdh;.

3.0 vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLk; Rw;W#oy; tpisTfSk;> mjid rPh; nra;Ak; mstPLk;> KiwfSk;:

kzy; Fthhp eilngWk; NghJ gy;NtW tpjkhd eltbf;iffs; mjhtJ

kzy; mfw;Wjy;> ghuk; Vw;Wjy; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J Mfpa gzpfs; eilngWk;.

vdpDk; fhw;wpd; juk; (PM10, PM2.5, NOx, SOx) tiuaWj;j vy;iyf;Fs; cs;sJ.

fhw;W khRgLtij jLf;Fk; tifapy; jz;zPh; njspg;ghd; %yk; midj;J

rhiyfspYk; jz;zPh; njspf;fg;gLk;. kuq;fis tsh;g;gjw;F me;je;j

Cuhl;rpfSf;F fdpk epjp toq;fg;gLk;. Fthhp eilngWk; ,lq;fspy; kzy;

ms;Sk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; buf;Ffshy; Vw;gLk; xypfis tiuaWf;fg;gl;l

mstpw;F cs;Ns ,Uf;FkhW ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Fthhp eilngWk; ,lj;jpy; jz;zPh; ,Ug;G kw;Wk; jz;zPhpd; jd;ik

Mfpaitfis ftdpg;gJ ePh;epiy Rw;Wr;R+oYf;F mbg;gil NjitahFk;. ,e;j

kzy; vLf;Fk; jpl;lj;jpy; $Ljyhf cs;s kzy; jpl;Lfis rPuhd ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F

ghjpg;G Vw;glhj tifapy; vLf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; rPuhd ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F ghjpg;G Vw;glh

tz;zk; jw;fhypf Foha;fs; Njitahd vz;zpf;ifapy; mikj;J kzy; kw;Wk;

fUk;G Njhif Nghd;w nghUl;fis nfhz;L mZFr;rhiy mikf;fg;gLk;.

Mw;wpd; rPuhd ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F Vw;wtifapy; Mw;wpd; ,aw;ifahd jskl;lk;

guhkhpf;fg;gLk;. Fthhpapy; gzpGhpAk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F Njitahd Fiwe;j msT

ePh; mUfpYs;s rKjhaf; fpzwpypUe;J vLf;fg;gLk;. Fthhp eilngWtjw;F jz;zPh;

Njitapy;iy. fopT miwfspypUe;J ntspNaWk; fopTePuhdJ Mw;wpd; fiufSf;F

mg;ghy; cs;s fopT ePh; njhl;bapd; %yk; ghJfhg;ghf ntspNaw;wg;gLk;.

Fthhp nra;ag;gLk; ,lkhdJ nghJg;gzpj;Jiwf;F nrhe;jkhd Mw;W

Gwk;Nghf;F epykhFk;. Fthhp eilngw cs;s gFjpfspy; Nfhiu Gw;fs; kw;Wk;

Gjh;fs; cs;sJ.

tpyq;fpd Ma;tpd; mbg;gilapy; ,g;gFjpapd; kPd;> ePh;epy nky;Ylypfs;>

G+r;rpfs;> gl;lhk;G+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; nghJthd ,dq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

jpl;l jsj;jpypUe;J 10 KM Rw;wstpy;> Njrpa G+q;fh> tpyq;fpd ruzhyak;

kw;Wk; caph;Nfhs; tho;tplk; VJkpy;iy.

4.0 Rw;W#oy; fz;fhzpg;G jpl;lk;:

Rw;W#oy; kw;Wk; td mikr;rfk; ntspapl;Ls;s tpjpfspd; gbAk; NkYk;

Rw;W#oy; mDkjp fbjj;jpd; gbAk; Rw;W#oy;fis gy;NtW epiyfspy; Ma;T

nra;J mwpf;ifia 6 khjj;jpw;nfhUKiw ([Pd; Kjy; ehs; kw;Wk; brk;gh; Kjy;

ehs;) Mfpa Njjpfspy; rk;ge;jgl;l mYtyq;fspy; rkh;gpf;fg;gLk;.

ml;ltiz vz;: 3 t.vz; tpguk; Ma;Tfhyk;

1. thdpiy jfty;fs; jpdKk;

2. fhw;wpd; juk; fhyhz;L

3. ePhpd; jd;ik fhyhz;L

4. XypmsT fz;fhzpj;jy; fhyhz;L

5.0 ,ju Ma;Tfs;: khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l epGzh; kjpg;gpl;L FOtpd; 14-k; $l;lj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;l

Fwpg;G tpjpKiwfspd; gb fPo;fz;l $Ljy; Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

1) kziy ntspNa vLj;J nry;Yk; Nghf;Ftuj;J tz;bfs; njhlh;ghd Ma;Tfs;.

2) mhpa tif caphpdq;fis ghJfhg;gJ njhlh;ghd jpl;l tiuaiw.

3) Fthhpfspdhy; ghrpfSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;.

6.0 jpl;l gad;fs;:

=uhkrKj;jpuk; kw;Wk; rPiygps;isahGJ}hpy; mikatpUf;Fk; ,j;jpl;lj;jpd;

%yk; fl;lis fjtizapd; nfhs;ssT 1.04 TMC msTf;F nts;s

fhyq;fspy; Nkl;^hpypUe;J jpwf;fg;gLk; mjpfgbahd ePiu Nrkpj;J jpwe;J tpl

KbAk;.

Nkl;^h; milg;G fhyq;fspy;> Nkw;fz;l jpl;lk; epyj;jb ePh; nrhpkhdj;ij

cz;lhf;Fk;. ,J ,q;F Mw;W gLiffspy; mike;Js;s FbePh; jpl;lk; kw;Wk;

cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpl;lq;fSf;F Mw;wpy; ePh; Nghf;F ,y;yhj fhyq;fspy;

gads;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,q;F Mw;WgLifapy; elg;G kw;Wk; cj;Njrpf;fgl;l

FbePh; jpl;lq;fs; %ykhf ehnshd;Wf;F Rkhh; 135 kpy;ypad; ypl;lh; ePh;

NjitgLk; vd;Wk;> Rkhh; 22 yl;rk; kf;fs; kJiu khtl;lk; tiu gad;ngWth;

vd fzpf;fgl;Ls;sJ.

jw;NghJ cs;s R+oypy; kzy; gw;wh Fiwia Nghf;fp nghJ kf;fspd;

fl;Lkhd jpl;lq;fspd; tpiyia Fiwf;f ,aYk;.

khepy muRf;F tUtha; <l;Lk; jpl;lkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

7.0 Rw;WR+oy; Nkyhz;ik jpl;lk;:

kzy; Fthhp mikg;gjw;fhd Rw;WR+oy; Nkyhz;ik jpl;lk; vd;gJ jpl;lk;

cUthf;Fjy; jpl;lj;ij eilKiw gLj;Jjy;> jpl;lk; nray;gLk;NghJ $h;e;J

ftdpj;jy; MFk;. ,jdhy; Vw;gLk; Rw;WR+oy; jhf;f tpisTfs;

Vw;glhtz;zk; ,t;tplj;ij ghJfhg;gNj MFk;. =uhkrKj;jpuk; kw;Wk;

rPiygps;isahGJ}h; fpuhkj;jpy; kpf Fiwe;j gug;gsthd 196.25 n`f;Nlhpy;

Gjpa fjtizf;F Nky; kw;Wk; fPo;Gw gFjpapy; ,j;jpl;lk; nray;gLj;j

cs;sJ. kio tsk;> ntg;gepiy> <ug;gjk; kw;Wk; fhw;wpd; jpir / Ntfk;

Mfpait khWghL Vw;gl tha;g;G VJkpy;iy.

7.1 fhw;W R+oy;:

jhh;rhiyapy; kzy; vLj;J nry;Yk; NghJ rpjwhky; ,Uf;f yhhpapd; Nky;

jhh; ghypd; Jzp %yk; %b vLj;Jnry;yg;gLk;.

thfdq;fis kpjkhd Ntfj;jpy; nry;y mDkjpj;jy;.

rhiyapd; ,UGwKk; kuq;fs; tsh;g;gjpd; %yk; fhw;wpd; Ntfj;ij Fiwj;jy;.

kz; rhiyfspy; kzy; yhhp nry;Yk; NghJ J}R guthky; ,Uf;f jz;zPh;

tz;bfs; %yk; ePh; njspj;jy;.

7.2 ePh; R+oy;:

kzy; vLf;Fk; gFjpapy;> Mw;wpy; mike;Js;s rpW Xilfs;

ghjpf;fg;glhtz;zk; Foha;fs; gjpag;gl;L ePh; Xl;lk; jilapy;yhky; nry;y

toptif nra;ag;gLk;. kf;Fk; nghUshfpa fUk;G Njhiffs; nfhz;L

mZFr; rhiyfs; mikf;fg;gLk;.

kio nga;Ak; ehl;fspYk;> Mw;wpy; nts;s ePh; nry;Yk; NghJk; Fthhp nray;

glh tz;zk; ghh;j;J nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Mw;W ePh; jq;F jilapd;wp nry;y jskl;lk; rPuhf guhkhpf;fg;gLk;.

7.3 xyp R+oy;:

ed;F guhkhpg;gpy; cs;s kz; ms;Sk; ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; tl;lhu

Nghf;Ftuj;J mYtyuhy; rhd;W mspf;fg;gl;l yhhpfs; kw;Wk; buf;Ffs;

kl;LNk FthhpapDs; mDkjpf;fg;gLk;.

,ae;jpuq;fs; %yk; vOk; xypia Fiwf;f xyp jLg;ghd;fs; (Silencers)

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

,t;tplj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; njhopyhsh;fSf;F fhjilg;G fUtpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

rhiyapd; ,UGwKk; Njitahd msT gRikr; R+oy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L

guhkhpf;fg;gLk;.

7.4 gRikr;R+oy; mgptpUj;jp:

Mw;wpd; fiufs; kw;Wk; rhiyfspd; ,UkUfpYk; gRikr;R+oy; Vw;gl

kufd;Wfs; elg;gl;L gRikr; R+oy; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,jd; gadhf fhw;wpd;

Ntfk; kw;Wk; xypapd; msT Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk; mt;tplk; moF

kpFjpahd gFjpahf fhl;rpaspf;Fk;.

Mw;wpd; ,UfiwfspYk; mlh;j;jpahd kuq;fs; tsh;e;Js;sJ. NkYk;

Fthhpapd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; fdpk epjpapy; muR Gwk;Nghf;F epyq;fspy; r%f

fhLfs; tsh;g;G gzpfs; Nkw;nfhz;L gRikr;R+oy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

gRikr;R+oy; mgptpUj;jp Vw;gLj;j> mUfpy; cs;s td ruf mYtyhpd;

MNyhridapd; gb tpijfs; Njh;T nra;jy;> tpij njspj;jy;> nrb tsh;j;J

jpUk;g vLj;J eLjy;> cukpLjy; kw;Wk; nrbfSf;F jz;zPh; tpLjy; Mfpa

njhopy; El;g MNyhrid ngw;W eilKiwgLj;jg;gLk;.

7.5 gzpahsh; eyd; kw;Wk; Rfhjhuk;:

Fthhpapy; gzp Nkw;nfhs;s nghJg;gzpj;Jiwapd; cjtpg;nghwpahsh;>

njhopy;El;g cjtpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; njhopyhsh;fs; vd 18 Ngh;

mkh;j;jg;gLthh;fs;. mth;fs; ghJfhg;Gf;fhf jiyftrk;> ifAiu> Kf%b>

ghj mzpfs;> fhJ milg;ghd; Kjypad toq;fg;gLk;. NkYk; mq;F

njhopyhsh; Xa;T miw kw;Wk; KjYjtp ngl;b itf;fg;gLk;.

mUfpy; cs;s =uhkrKj;jpuk; Muk;g Rfhjhu epiyaj;jpy; NghJkhd

kUj;Jt trjp nra;Jnfhs;s trjpfs; cs;sJ.

7.6 Rw;WGw Nkk;ghl;L tsh;r;rp jpl;lk;:

Fthhpapd; %yk; muRf;F fpilf;Fk; tUthapy; Rkhh; 20 rjtPjk; fdpk

epjpahf fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J tsh;r;rpf;F toq;fgl;L r%f Kd;Ndw;wk; njhlh;ghd

gzpfs; eilKiwgLj;jg;gLk;.

fdpk epjpapd; %yk; rKjha $lk;> rhiy Nkk;ghl;L trjp> ghJfhf;fg;gl;l

FbePh; trjp> Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l tbfhy; trjp> fpuhk rpW ghrd Nkk;ghLfs;>

fy;tp rhh;e;j fl;bl tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; muR Gwk;Nghf;F epyq;fspy;; gRikr;R+oy;

mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.