Excretory

System

Excretory

SystemBy: Jaleshia Edwards, Trazjon Slaughter,

David Peralta

VocabularyVocabulary

Nephrons: the functional units of the kidneys

Ureters: tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder

Urethra: the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body

Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra Hemodialysis: a technique in which an

artificial kidney machine removes waste products from the blood

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Lungs: expel when you breath Skin: as sweat evaporates on the

surface of the skin, it cools the body

Large Intestine: solid wastes produced by the digestive system are eliminated

Excretory SystemExcretory System

Removes waste from body

Sweating is another form of excretion

Removes excess water & salt

Helps regulate body temp.

The LiverThe Liver

Removes certain toxins from blood

1st organ to receive chemicals absorbed from small intestine

Detoxifies body by processing & excreting into bile

ex: drugs, alcohol, some cellular waste products

Urinary SystemUrinary System

Consist of kidneys, bladder, ureters, & urethra

Main function to filter waste & extra fluid from blood

Urine liquid waste material excreted from body

Consist of water & body waste that contain nitrogen

KidneysKidneys

Bean shaped organ size of a fist Near middle of back just below

rib cage on each side Removes waste products from

blood through tiny filtering units called nephrons

NephronsNephrons

Each kidney contains more than a million nephrons

Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries called aglomerulus

Attached to small renal tubule that acts as a filtering funnel

Kidneys adjust amount of salts, water & other material excreted according to body’s needs

The UretersThe Ureters

Tubes that connect kidneys to bladder

Each Ureter is about 8 to 10 inches long

Muscles in Ureter walls tighten & relax force urine down to bladder about every 15 seconds

The Bladder & Urethra

The Bladder & Urethra

Hollow muscular organ in pelvic cavity

Bladder held in place by ligaments attached to other organs & pelvic bones

Stores about 2 cups of Urine from leaking

Sphincter muscles close tightly like a rubber band around opening of bladder into Urethra

Maintaining Your excretory HealthMaintaining Your excretory Health

Drink at least 8-ounces of water each day

Limit intake of caffeine & soft drinks, can increase amount of water last through urination

Follow a well-balanced eating plan Practice good hygiene to prevent

harmful bacteria from causing infection

Get regular medical checkups. Report changes in bowel habits & in frequency, color, or odor of urine.

Excretory System Problems

Excretory System Problems

Disorders of excretory system can have several different causes

Including infection, blockage of urine, or natural aging

Two common disorders of urinary system are cystitis & Urethritis

Symptoms of both conditions: burning pain during urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, & possibly blood in urine

Treatment requires visit to doctor & may include antibiotics to eliminate infection

Kidney ProblemsKidney Problems

Nephritis: inflammation of nephrons. Symptoms include a change in amount of urine produced, fever, & swelling of body tissues

Kidney stones: form when salts in urine crystallize into solid stones. Can move in ureter causing pain. May also block passage of urine. Small stones may pass naturally. Large stones can be broke up using shock waves. Some cases require surgery.

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Uremia: is a serious condition associated with decreased blood filtration by kidneys, leading to abnormally high levels of nitrogen waste products remaining in blood. Waste are poisonous to body cells & can cause tissue damage, or death if allowed to accumulate.

Kidney failureKidney failure

Occurs when kidneys lose their ability to function.

Can be caused by infection, decreased blood flow, or diseases that damage kidney tissue.

Treatments: Hemodialysis; a machine that filters the blood. Takes 3 to 5 hours. Done 3 to 4 times per week.

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Peritoneal dialysis: uses peritoneum, a thin membrane that surrounds the digestive organs, to filter the blood. Substances that promote removal of toxins enter into abdomen through catheter & are drained after filtration is complete

Kidney transplant: option for chronic kidney failure. Involves replacement of a nonfunctioning kidney with a healthy kidney from a organ donor.