Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.81 Volume 1.
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Transcript of Excellence Publication Co. Ltd. Volume 1 2.81 Volume 1.
Excellence Publication Co. Ltd.Volume 1 2.8 1
Volume 1Volume 1
Excellence Publication Co. Ltd.Volume 1 2.8 2
B. Functions of an Operating SystemB. Functions of an Operating System
the system program that runs a computer system
A. Definition of an Operating SystemA. Definition of an Operating System
(1) Providing a User Interface(1) Providing a User Interface
HardwareHardwareOperating systemOperating system
Application programming interfaceApplication programming interface User interfaceUser interface
ApplicationApplicationprogramprogram
ApplicationApplicationprogramprogram
User
allow users to interact with the computer system
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(a) Character-based User Interface (CUI)(a) Character-based User Interface (CUI)
Types of Interface:Types of Interface:
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the user has to enter commands through the keyboard
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(b) Graphical User Interface (GUI)(b) Graphical User Interface (GUI)user has to click on icons, buttons and
menus through the mouse
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(2) Scheduling Jobs(2) Scheduling Jobs
control the order and time in which programs are run
(3)(3) Managing Multitasking Managing Multitasking
can keep several application programs open at the same time
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(4) Manipulating Data(4) Manipulating Data
keep track of the data on the hard disk or secondary storage devices
An application programAn application programneeds to read orneeds to read or
write data.write data.
The file system of theThe file system of theOS then accesses OS then accesses
the physical locationthe physical locationon the disk.on the disk.
Call the OSCall the OS
Return dataReturn data
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(5) Allocating Computing Resources(5) Allocating Computing Resources control peripheral devices by sending
them commands
(6) Providing Security(6) Providing Security can provide password
protection to keep unauthorized users out of the computer system
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C. Common Operating SystemsC. Common Operating Systems
(1) Microsoft Windows(1) Microsoft Windows
a 32-bit operating system(a) Windows 95(a) Windows 95
allow long file name
support Plug-and-Play (PnP)
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an upgrade of Windows 95(b) Windows 98(b) Windows 98
support Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Digital Versatile/Video Discs (DVDs)
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an upgrade of Windows 98
(c) Windows Me (c) Windows Me (Millennium edition)(Millennium edition)
Area New featuresArea New featuresSystem stability and error correction
System restoration and file system protection.
Multimedia working All sorts of neat little tools for creating, managing, storing and sharing music, digital photos and movie clips.
Home networking Tools for setting up a mini home network through a few steps.
Online experience Major improvements in surfing and communicating across the Internet.
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built on the Windows NT kernel
(d) Windows NT (New Technology)(d) Windows NT (New Technology)
give much better system stability, security and performance
There are two versions:
(i)Windows NT Workstation
(ii)Windows NT Server
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a major upgrade from Windows NT 4
(e) Windows 2000(e) Windows 2000
more stable than Windows NT
uses Active Directory system, which is a major redesign of the directory structure for companies
There are four versions:(i) Windows 2000 Professional(ii) Windows 2000 Server(iii) Windows 2000 Advanced Server(iv) Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
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(f) Windows XP (eXPerience)(f) Windows XP (eXPerience)
an upgraded client version of Windows 2000
allow different family members to use their own desktops and personal sets of files
There are two versions:(i) Home Edition version(ii)Professional version
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(g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics)(g) Windows CE (Consumer Electronics)
based on the Windows operating system
a 32-bit multitasking and multithreading operating system
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(2) Unix(2) Unix widely used as the master control program
in workstations and especially servers
probability, low price and excellent performance
a popular choice among governments, academic institutions and companies
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(3) Linux(3) Linux provides Unix-like operation, stability and
security
it can be downloaded from the Internet for free
suitable for all size of business
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(4) Mac OS(4) Mac OS
an operating system for Macintosh computers from Apple
with powerful features such as protected memory, preemptive multitasking, advanced memory management and the SMP
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(5) OS/2(5) OS/2 an operating system for Intel x86
machines from Microsoft and IBM
Dual boot feature:boot either OS/2 or DOS
There are two version:OS/2 Warp Client, OS/2 Warp Server
Advantages:(i) Strong on the connectivity and the provision
of robust virtual machines.(ii) Strong in the banking industry.
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(6) BeOS(6) BeOS an operating system developed by Be
(7) EPOC(7) EPOCa 32-bit operating system for Psion
handheld devices from Symbian
(8) Palm OS(8) Palm OS an operating system for Palm handheld
devices from Palm
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E. Cross-platform IssuesE. Cross-platform Issues
some operating systems support cross-platform computing
allow software or hardware to run identically on different platforms
people can exchange information between different types of operating systems and computer models
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F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating F. Operating Modes Supported by Operating SystemsSystems
support two or more simultaneous computer users
(1) Multi-user Modes(1) Multi-user Modes
can execute two or more programs in a single CPU simultaneously
(2) Multitasking Modes(2) Multitasking Modes
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respond to input data and transactions immediately
(3) Batch Processing Modes(3) Batch Processing Modes execute a queue of non-interactive jobs
and return the results all at one time
(4) Real Time Processing Modes(4) Real Time Processing Modes
communicate with the computer users interactively
(5) Interactive Processing Modes(5) Interactive Processing Modes
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State two common operating State two common operating
systems for home users and systems for home users and
compare their advantages and compare their advantages and
disadvantages.disadvantages.
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