Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A

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B2SampleMidterm06_07

True/FalseIndicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.

____ 2. In mitochondria, enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reactions.

____ 3. Ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins within the cell.

____ 4. Because stains, such as methylene blue and Lugol's solution are used to stain biological materials in the lab, it can be concluded that these have no hazardous contents.

____ 5. Because of their extremely small size, and therefore small genome, viruses exhibit both narrow diversity and host range specificity.

____ 6. Some tests performed at your doctor's office come back indicating that you have "strep throat." This means that the bacteria infecting you occur in clumps.

____ 7. Fungi were once classified as members of the plant kingdom.

____ 8. The controlled exchange of gases between the plant and the atmosphere was achieved with the gradual development of the cuticle.

____ 9. In many plants, the gametophyte generation represents the diploid portion of the life cycle.

____ 10. Some mosses and other bryophytes occasionally reproduce sexually by fragmentation or by the release of gemmae.

____ 11. Rhizomes are the most easily recognizable feature of a fern.

____ 12. Gymnosperms produce their seeds inside of cones.

____ 13. Phloem cells are living cells.

____ 14. Meristem produces cells that will become new xylem and phloem cells.

____ 15. One of the functions of the carrot root is to make food.

____ 16. The cotyledon is the source of nutrients for the growing plant embryo.

____ 17. Monocot seeds produce two cotyledons.

____ 18. Lichens are part of the climax community after succession.

____ 19. Biodiversity describes differences in the variety of environments organisms live in.

____ 20. A field of corn, soybean, or wheat has a negative effect on biodiversity.

____ 21. The two most important food crops for humans are wheat and rice.

____ 22. If an Ontario farmer wished to grow food crops to support the world's food needs, he would grow wheat and barley.

____ 23. Aspirin and rubber come from plants grown in the tropical rain forest.

____ 24. Scientists are continually testing plants in the tropical rain forests to discover new medicines and other products.

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____ 25. Top carnivores in a food chain are the least affected by pesticides.

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 26. Which of the following consumer products does not depend on cellular action?a. yogurtb. leatherc. cheesed. beere. all of these products depend on cellular action

____ 27. Which of these cells would not be classified as eukaryotic?a. plant cells c. blue-green algae cellsb. fungi cells d. animal cells

____ 28. An animal cell is capable of all of the following, excepta. respiration. d. growth.b. reproduction. e. metabolism.c. maintaining turgor pressure.

____ 29. In which type of cell would you find the fewest mitochondria?a. muscleb. nervec. digestived. adiposee. all cells have the same number of mitochondria

____ 30. At what organelle are amino acids bonded together?a. endoplasmic reticulumb. nucleusc. vacuoled. ribosomee. amino acids are not bonded at an organelle

____ 31. Ribosomes are composed ofa. DNA and RNA.b. rRNA and proteins.c. DNA and proteins.d. proteins and lipids.e. ribosomes are organelles and are not composed of anything.

____ 32. Cells specialized to secrete protein usually have large numbers ofa. rough endoplasmic reticulum. d. lysosomes.b. Golgi apparatus. e. vacuoles.c. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

____ 33. Small protein-filled sacs in animal cells are known asa. vacuoles. d. ribosomes.b. droplets. e. microtubules.c. vesicles.

____ 34. The main function of vesicles within the cell isa. maintaining turgor. d. transport.b. endocytosis. e. none of the above.c. protein synthesis.

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____ 35. Microfilamentsa. provide shape and movement for cells.b. transport materials throughout the cytoplasm.c. convert chemical energy to electrical energy.d. are artificial structures produced using nanotechnology.e. none of the above.

____ 36. Artificial cell containing charcoal can be used toa. provide temporary immunity. d. heal cuts.b. filter toxins. e. permanently replace blood cells.c. transport oxygen.

____ 37. A plant vacuole serves as a storage space fora. water. d. proteins.b. sugars. e. all of the above.c. minerals.

____ 38. Lugol's solution can be used to show the presence ofa. endoplasmic reticulum. d. chromoplasts.b. amyloplasts. e. vacuoles.c. nucleolus.

____ 39. An onion cell is examined for the presence of chloroplasts. What colour should be seen?a. red d. greenb. orange e. purplec. yellow

____ 40. Some parts of a plant are unable to convert solar energy to chemical energy. The organelle that is missing is probably thea. chromoplast. d. mitochondrion.b. chloroplast. e. nucleus.c. vacuole.

____ 41. When fruit is made into jam or jelly, it naturally thickens due to the presence ofa. starch. d. pectin.b. sugar. e. cellulose.c. lipids.

____ 42. Plant cell walls are primarily composed ofa. starch. d. cellulose.b. pectin. e. chlorophyll.c. protein.

____ 43. Animal cells must obtain energy from chemical sources because they do not havea. lysosomes. d. chloroplasts.b. mitochondria. e. cell walls.c. chromoplasts.

____ 44. Tissue cultures area. groups of cells grown out of the body.b. being used for some medical treatments.c. are being investigated as a cure for all diseases.d. all of the above are correct.e. only a and b are correct.

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____ 45. Which of the following is not a kingdom?a. Eubacteria d. Plantaeb. Protista e. Fungic. Viruses

Common Name Scientific Name Familyred squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Sciuridaeshort-tail weasel Mustela erminea Mustelidaegroundhog Marmota monax Sciuridaemink Mustela vison Mustelidaeeastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Sciuridaeriver otter Lutra canadensis Mustelidaefisher Martes pennanti Mustelidaemuskrat Ondatra zibethica Cricetidaeblack-footed ferret Mustela nigripes Mustelidae

____ 46. Based on the information in the table above, which of the two animals are the least closely related?a. black-footed ferret and red squirrel d. fisher and muskratb. red squirrel and short-tail weasel e. muskrat and any other animalc. groundhog and mink

____ 47. Which of the following is not a possible composition of the nucleic acid core of virus?a. double-stranded DNA and RNA d. single-stranded DNA onlyb. double-stranded DNA only e. single-stranded RNA onlyc. double-stranded RNA only

____ 48. Which of the following statements concerning viruses is incorrect?a. A bacteriophage that causes lysis of the host cell is said to be a virulent phage.b. The lytic cycle may be completed in 2 to 5 minutes and produce 300 new virus particles.c. In a lysogenic cycle, the virus does not kill the host cell outright.d. A bacteriophage that does not cause the lysis of the host is called a temperate phage.e. The dormant state of a virus is called lysogeny.

____ 49. Which of the following is not an environment in which you would find Archaebacteria?a. salt marshes d. ocean ventsb. hot springs e. swampsc. active volcanoes

____ 50. Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacterial cells?a. they are prokaryotic and single celledb. contain no membrane-bound organellesc. have a single chromosomed. majority are pathogense. reproduce asexually

____ 51. A bacterial colony that is observed to survive and reproduce only when no air is around would be classified as which of the following?a. obligate aerobe d. facultative anaerobeb. obligate anaerobe e. none of the abovec. facultative aerobe

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____ 52. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the fungilike protists?a. always unicellularb. members of the Gymnomycotac. prefer cool, shady, moist environmentsd. also called slime mouldse. resemble protozoans during part of life cycle

____ 53. Which group of fungi are best represented by having the following characteristics:produces nonmotile spores, chitin in cell walls, mainly terrestrial, includes the common moulds?a. Zygomycetes d. Basidiomycetesb. Mastigomycota e. Deuteromycotac. Ascomycetes

____ 54. In Investigation 10.2.1, "Monitoring Bread Mould Growth," which of the following conditions was not tested?a. effect of light d. effect of temperatureb. effect of moisture e. effect of darknessc. effect of CO2

____ 55. Which of the following is not a benefit fungi provide to humans?a. Yeast help make bread, wine, and beer.b. Penicillium produces antibiotic.c. trapping solar energy in photosynthesisd. Aspergillus is used to flavour drinks.e. mushrooms, morels and truffles for food

____ 56. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mycorrhizal relationship?a. It is an example of parasitism.b. Hyphae of a fungus and root of a plant are involved.c. It possibly helps the plant absorb nutrients.d. Fungus obtains nutrients from the plant.e. Evolution of land plants may have been dependent on such a relationship.

____ 57. Which of the following is not a characteristic of lichens?a. They are a symbiotic relationship between an alga and a fungus.b. They are an important source of food in northern Canada for some animals.c. They help form basic soil material.d. They are a symbiotic relationship between an alga, a fungus, and a plant.e. They can be used to monitor air quality.

____ 58. Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?a. They lack mobility. d. They have cell walls that contain chitin.b. They are eukaryotic. e. Most plants can photosynthesize.c. They have numerous organelles.

____ 59. What are openings in the leaves of plants that permit the exchange of gases called?a. stratoliths d. stomatab. stophanum e. stipendsc. stratomorphs

____ 60. Mosses are members of which plant group?a. bryophytes d. gymnospermsb. tracheophytes e. angiospermsc. pteridophytes

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____ 61. Which of the following information about mosses is true?a. They have a small but dense set of roots.b. They have true leaves and stems.c. They do not produce flowers of seeds.d. They grow in a wide range of habitats.e. They can grow to be several metres high.

____ 62. Which of the following about the life cycle of mosses is false?a. Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or release of gemmae.b. The haploid plants are called protonema.c. The male sex organ is the antheridium.d. The female sex organ is called the ovary.e. The embryo is in the diploid sporophyte generation.

____ 63. Which of the following is false about the life cycle of a fern?a. The cycle involves alternation of generations.b. Asexual reproduction is usually by fragmentation of the frond.c. The haploid plant is known as the prothallus.d. Moisture is needed to transfer the fern sperm to the archegonia.e. Clusters of sporangia are known as sori.

____ 64. Which of the following is found in the diploid sporophyte generation of a fern?a. spores d. archegoniab. gametophyte plants e. embryoc. antheridia

____ 65. Seed plants are represented by which of the following groups of plants?a. bryophytes d. fernsb. pteridophytes e. gymnospermsc. mosses

____ 66. In which environment would you most likely find a seed plant?a. cold and dry d. warm and moistb. cold and moist e. virtually all environmentsc. warm and dry

____ 67. The main difference between primary and secondary growth is:a. Primary growth occurs in the first year and secondary growth occurs in the second year

of a plant's life only.b. Primary growth results in the increase of the length of the plant in the first year only,

whereas secondary growth results in an increase in the length and the width of the plant in the subsequent years only.

c. Primary growth results in the overall growth of the diameter of the plant in the first year, whereas secondary growth results in the overall lateral growth of the plant in the subsequent years.

d. Primary growth includes a growth in diameter only, whereas secondary growth includes all growth in the length of the plant throughout the rest of a plant's life.

e. Primary growth includes the overall growth of the length of a plant in its first year of growth and an increase in the diameter for the plant's entire life, whereas secondary growth results in an increase in the length of the plant for its entire life.

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____ 68. Which of the following is not a function of the root?a. Roots produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis.b. Roots absorb water and minerals.c. Roots support and anchor a plant.d. Roots produce hormones.e. Roots produce toxins to prevent the germination of other plant seeds.

____ 69. A tree that shows secondary growth is calleda. a seedling. d. an annual plant.b. a woody plant. e. a herbaceous plant.c. a monocot plant.

____ 70. Secondary growth is produced mainly by thea. cork. d. meristem.b. ground tissue. e. apical meristem.c. vascular cambium.

____ 71. Which of the following concerning the xylem and phloem tissue is false?a. Phloem cells contain dead conducting cells.b. Xylem cells carry water and minerals.c. Phloem cells carry carbohydrates.d. Xylem cells make up the wood in a tree.e. Phloem is part of the bark.

____ 72. If a plant's leaves lost their cuticle through the action of an air pollutant, the major danger to the plant isa. too much moisture. d. loss of oxygen.b. loss of moisture. e. loss of carbon dioxide.c. lack of minerals.

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The arrows represent the diffusion of substances in the leaf.

____ 73. Refer to the diagram above. Suppose the plant was exposed to light. The arrows I and III will represent the movement ofa. water and oxygen. d. carbon dioxide and carbohydrates.b. oxygen and carbon dioxide. e. oxygen only.c. water and carbon dioxide.

____ 74. Identify the structure where carbon dioxide enters the leaf.a. A d. Db. B e. Ec. C

____ 75. Identify the structure where most photosythesis occurs.a. A d. Db. B e. Ec. C

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____ 76. Many plants store chemicals in their leaves such as nicotine. A possible reason for this isa. to prevent the leaves from freezing in the winter.b. to attract insect pollinators to the plant.c. to increase the efficiency of light absorption. d. to prevent the herbivores from eating the leaves.e. to encourage certain insects to consume the leaves so they become unpalatable to their

enemies.____ 77. Water rises to the top of tall trees because transpiration in the leaves produces a force that

a. puts pressure on the root. d. helps to get rid of excess water.b. attracts water to the root. e. puts pressure on the xylem in the stem.c. pulls water up from the root.

____ 78. Which of the following best describes the seeds of a dicot?a. The seeds produce only one cotyledon with no endosperm.b. The seeds contain two cotyledons with endosperm.c. The seeds contain two cotyledons and very little endosperm.d. An example is the bean.e. c and d

____ 79. All of the following represent seed dispersal adaptations excepta. hooks on the fruit.b. spines on the fruit.c. fleshy fruit.d. sticky seeds.e. fluffy parachute structures on the seeds.

____ 80. The quality of light a plant receives is influenced byI time of dayII cloud coverIII competition by other plantsIV shading by other plantsV latitudeVI angles of incidence during different seasons

a. I, II, III, IV, and VI only d. I, II, III, V, and VI onlyb. I, III, IV, V, and VI only e. I, II, IV, V, and VI onlyc. I, II, IV, and VI only

____ 81. Photoperiod is defined asa. the amount of cloud cover a plant receives.b. the quantity of daylight hours a plant receives.c. the quality of light a plant receives.d. quantity of shade a plant receives.e. the angle of incidence during different seasons.

____ 82. Which of the following statements concerning absorption of nutrients is correct?a. Nitrate ions and sulfate ions are held by soil particles and are not easily leached away.b. Nutrients are released from weathering of rocks in the form of organic ions.c. Positive ions in the soil bind to negatively charged clay particles making them

unavailable to the plant. d. Hydrogen ions, released from the root hairs, exchange places with the negatively charged

clay particles.e. Positive ions such as calcium and potassium are not held by soil particles, and they are

easily absorbed by plant roots.

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____ 83. A legume plant such as peas is growing in a garden. An examination of the soil content surrounding the plant would reveal high levels of which nutrient?a. phosphorus d. magnesiumb. nitrogen e. sulfurc. potassium

____ 84. When a plant's stem bolts just before it flowers, the hormone involved isa. auxin. d. ethylene.b. gibberellin. e. abscisic acid.c. cytokinin.

____ 85. Plants change their activity according to a 24-hour cycle corresponding to alternations of light and darkness. Such responses are due toa. light. d. plant hormones.b. dark. e. temperature.c. photoperiod.

____ 86. Which of the following is incorrect concerning biodiversity?a. Biodiversity describes differences in the variety of environments in which organisms live.b. Animal diversity depends on the variety of plants.c. Biodiversity is highest in the tropical rain forest.d. Biodiversity is low in the desert.e. Biodiversity is high where there is a lot of plants in an area.

____ 87. Which of the following concerning plant nutrients is incorrect?a. Phosphorus is needed early in plant development for root formationb. Nitrogen promotes leafy growth.c. Potassium is needed for strong stems.d. Nitrogen is needed in large amounts in early to midseason.e. Potassium and phosphorus are needed in large quantities in early to midseason.

____ 88. Based on the experiment "Assessing Synthetic Fertilizers," which kind of plant has the greatest need for nitrogen?a. mature plants d. young seedlingsb. legume plants e. b and d onlyc. nonlegume plants

____ 89. What food crops would a farmer mainly use to feed his animals?a. corn and barley d. wheat and soybeansb. corn and soybeans e. corn and wheatc. barley and soybeans

____ 90. Which part of the plant is used in the food plant product chocolate?a. root d. seedb. stem e. flowerc. leaves

____ 91. If a farmer wished to grow a profitable plant-specialty product, which should he grow?a. coffee d. chocolateb. hops e. colac. tea

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____ 92. How does the technology of hydroponic or greenhouse growing improve our ability to eat a variety of plant foods during the winter months?a. No soil is required and the nutrients the plants receive can be regulated to meet the needs

of the growing plants.b. The temperature of the plants can be controlled to whatever is required.c. There is no need for fertilizers.d. all of the abovee. a and b only

____ 93. How is genetic diversity in plant crops achieved?a. by cross breeding plantsb. by seed banksc. by conservation of areas where wild plants growd. by use of biotechnologye. all of the above

____ 94. Ethanol is a potential fuel source thata. comes from plants such as corn.b. is produced through the process of fermentation.c. could be burned instead of an oil.d. all of the abovee. a and c only

____ 95. The main difference between cotton and flax fibres isa. cotton fibres are made up of cellulose, and flax are made up of chlorophyll.b. cotton fibres come from the seeds of the plant, and flax comes from the leaves.c. cotton fibres come from the seeds of the plant, and flax comes from the stem.d. cotton is used in fabrics, while flax is used for paper only.e. c and d only

____ 96. As a furniture maker, which part of the palm plant must be processed to make rattan furniture?a. stem d. barkb. leaves e. inner part of the stemc. seeds

____ 97. Why have forest regeneration projects not been successful?a. Canadians assume our forests have too many trees and losing a few would not harm the

forests.b. Little forest management has been practised until recently, so many species of trees have

already been depleted.c. Long-term decreased soil fertility and poor harvesting and planting techniques are

producing fewer trees.d. all of the abovee. b and c only

____ 98. Which plant is used to treat heart disorders?a. opium poppy d. willowb. foxglove e. belladonnac. periwinkle

____ 99. All of the following represent nonmedicinal chemical plant products except:a. dyes d. atropinesb. resins e. tanninsc. waxes

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____ 100. After DDT had been used for a period of timea. it began to accumulate in the bodies of all of the organisms in the area.b. it killed all of the pests it was used on.c. it did not persist in the area, so it had no effects on the organisms.d. it had a positive effect on some organisms such as the mosquitos that cause malaria.e. a and d only

____ 101. DDT was first used as a pesticide becausea. it was economical to produce and apply.b. it increased crop yields.c. it saved millions of human lives by controlling caterpillar populations that were

destroying food crops.d. all of the abovee. a and b only

____ 102. Biological magnification is best described asa. the buildup of persistent chemicals in the body during a lifetime.b. fat soluble chemicals that are not excreted.c. the buildup of levels of persistent chemicals as they get passed along the food chain.d. the increasing concentration of chemicals as they get passed along the food chain.e. the multiplication of the level of chemicals in the body.

____ 103. Which of the following may reduce the amount of land fit for growing crops?I climate changeII desertificationIII use of fertilizersIV salinizationV global warming

a. I, II, III, IV, and V d. I, II, IV, and Vb. I, III, IV, and V e. I, II, III, and IVc. II, III, IV, and V

____ 104. Salinization isa. the process of cultivating the soil to bring salts to the surface.b. the process of producing a saltless soil.c. the process in which salts in the ground water come to the surface of the soil.d. the process of irrigating the soil with ground water to water the crops.e. the process by which the soil erodes because of the removal of minerals such as salt.

____ 105. Halophytes area. animals that live in the desert.b. plants that grow in the tropical rain forests.c. plants that grow in deserts and salt marshes.d. fish that live in salt water.e. animals that can accumulate salt in their cells.

CompletionComplete each sentence or statement.

106. A cell with a well-defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane would be classified as ____________________.

107. Inside the nucleus, genetic information is organized into threadlike structures called ____________________.

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108. Fluid currents are created to move materials past cells by ____________________.

109. Proteins are polymers made up of smaller molecules called ____________________.

110. Enzyme-containing organelles important in destroying harmful substances that get into the cell are called ____________________.

111. The process by which the cell membrane surrounds a substance and encloses it in a vesicle is known as ____________________.

112. The specialized plastid responsible for photosynthesis is the ____________________.

113. Colourless plastids that store starch are called ____________________.

114. Lugol's solution is commonly used as a stain for plant cell study because it reacts with ____________________.

115. Plants containing large amounts of parenchyma tissue are called ____________________.

116. The epidermal cells that contain chloroplasts are called ________________________.

117. The opening and closing of the stomata is mainly controlled by the levels of ____________________ and _________________________ in the guard cells.

118. ______________________ is the process by which carbohydrates are moved throughout the plant through the phloem tissue.

119. The first step in the germination of a seed is when it takes in ____________________.

120. The _________________ contains a plant embryo surrounded by a protective coat.

121. Artificial environments such as greenhouses can alter many factors that control the growth of plants such as _________________________ and _________________________.

122. Plants that contain a high percentage of proteins have a high demand for the nutrient ___________________.

123. ____________________ is a plant hormone that promotes cell division and growth of the leaf mesophyll.

124. A plant community that maintains the same species over long periods of time is called a _________________________.

125. ____________________ species describes species that have been introduced to an area by accident or by intent.

126. ____________________ is decayed plant material that increases the soil's ability to hold water.

127. In order for a plant to flower, a synthetic fertilizer high in ____________________ and _____________________ is needed.

128. ____________________ began with peas, wheat, and olive plants and increased the amount of food produced.

129. ____________________ is being promoted increasingly as a fuel.

130. ____________________ results in the loss of topsoil from the soil.

131. Cosmetics and perfumes are made up of ____________________ from the plant.

132. ____________________ is a plant product obtained from the white sap of the tropical rain forest trees.

133. ____________________ are stored in the organism's fatty tissues .

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134. ____________________ employs careful monitoring of pest levels and allows for the application of pesticides only when necessary.

135. _________________________ will provide the characteristics necessary to allow scientists to develop new food crops.

Matching

Match the terms used in the study of cell structure with the appropriate definition.a. cell membrane e. nucleolusb. eukaryotic f. cytoplasmc. prokaryotic g. flagellad. chromosomes h. cilia

____ 136. having a true membrane-bounded nucleus____ 137. create currents to move materials past cell____ 138. the fluid and other materials between the plasma membrane and the nucleus____ 139. protein and lipid structure that regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell____ 140. chromosomes not surrounded by a nuclear membrane____ 141. use contractile proteins to help cell locomotion; usually single or in pairs____ 142. threadlike structures made of DNA

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. viruses g. vaccinesb. capsid h. vectorc. bacteriophages i. HIVd. host range j. nanometrese. lysis k. capsulef. lysogeny l. micrometres

____ 143. microscopic particles capable of reproducing only within living cells____ 144. a category of viruses that infect and destroy bacterial cells____ 145. the destruction or bursting open of a cell____ 146. the limited number of host species, tissues, or cells that a virus or other parasite can infect____ 147. the protective protein coat of viruses____ 148. unit of measure appropriate for viruses____ 149. vehicle for moving genetic material from one organism to another____ 150. the dormant state of a virus____ 151. an example of a retrovirus____ 152. solutions that are prepared from viral components or inactivated viruses

Match each item with the correct statement below concerning the evolution of plants.a. rhizoids e. stomatab. xylem f. biodiversityc. phloem g. producerd. cuticle h. pioneer

____ 153. different species have different abilities to cope with different environmental conditions____ 154. a vascular tissue in plants that carries water and dissolved materials up from the roots to the other plant parts

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____ 155. plant that establishes itself first and makes conditions more favourable for other organisms to follow____ 156. in plants, a layer of noncellular material secreted by epidermal cells designed to protect cells from drying out____ 157. hairlike structures that function like tiny roots____ 158. pores in the epidermis of plants that permit the exchange of gases____ 159. organism that makes its' own food using energy from sunlight____ 160. a vascular tissue that transports sugars

Short Answer

161. When using a light microscope, what two obvious differences can be observed between plant and animal cells?

162. Identify the two nucleic acids found in most cells.

163. State the role of the Golgi apparatus.

164. From your experiences in this course, you should be aware that dogs are members of the genus Canis. While visiting a zoo, you see the sign Canis lupus on one of the enclosures. You can't believe that they would display a dog, but you are surprised when a wolf appears. Explain why a dog and wolf would be members of the same genus.

165. Viruses, despite their primitive structure and lack of inclusion in the six-kingdom system, have been very successful. Explain why this might be so.

166. What is the unique feature of the fungilike protists (Gymnomycota) that makes them interesting to study in terms of cellular evolution?

167. During a recent infestation of the notorious birch leaf miner, Mr. Variety suffers the loss of two trees in his back yard. Your neighbour, Mr. Birch, a birch tree fanatic, losses all the trees on his property. Comment on this situation.

168. "Alternation of generations" has been a recurring theme throughout the reproduction of plants. What is alternation of generations? Comment on the advantages of this form of reproduction for various plant species.

169. Briefly summarize the important features of the "alternation of generations" form of reproduction.

170. Trace the path water takes from the soil to the palisade mesophyll of the leaf. Name the forces involved in the transport of water.

171. Name and give the function of the parts of a seed.

172. How are nutrients released into the soil?

173. How does a plant absorb nutrients from the soil?

174. How are plant hormones different from animal hormones?

175. How are auxins used as a herbicide?

176. Explain why a cactus plant might contain a high concentration of abscisic acid in its needles.

177. A fire has burned all the plants in deciduous forest. When new plants grow, will they be a result of primary or secondary succession? Explain.

178. What impact did the large cultivation of hybrid varieties have on biodiversity?

179. How has selective breeding played a role in the hemp plant?

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180. Complete the following table:

PLANT PRODUCT PLANT SOURCE USEfoxglove

cotton seeds

cola

chewing gum

tannins

Problem

181. A specimen has been observed using a light microscope. The ocular lens is marked 15× and the high power objective is marked 40×. Determine the magnification used.

182. A student reports using a microscope with a total magnification of 150×. The ocular lenses at the school are marked 15×. Determine the objective lens used (i.e., low, medium, high), showing your reasoning.

183. A student reports a magnification of 75× using a standard light microscope on low power. The low power objectives at the school are marked 10×. Is the student's reported magnification realistic? Show your reasoning.

Essay

184. A friend was prescribed antibiotics for a cut that became infected. She was given enough mediation for ten days and told to finish it. After five days, she noticed her infection was much better and decided to stop taking the medication. Write a convincing argument to explain why she should continue to take her medication despite the obvious improvement in her condition.

185. Your neighbour complains about the mushrooms in his lawn and says that he will be looking for something to eradicate them when he is out shopping next time. He explains to you that "mushrooms and their like are nothing but an insignificant bunch of ugly annoying weeds!" What would you say in reply to correct his statement?

186. The tobacco plant has been genetically modified to produce more nicotine in its leaves. What impact does this have on society? For the tobacco companies?

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B2SampleMidterm06_07Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 1.1 LOC: CF1.01 2. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.02,CF1.06 3. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01,CF1.06 4. ANS: F REF: I OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF2.04 5. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 6. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 9.3 LOC: DL1.02 7. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 10.1 LOC: DL1.01, DL2.02 8. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 9. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 10.6 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 10. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 10.7 LOC: DL1.04 11. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 10.8 LOC: DL1.03 12. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 10.9 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 13. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 13.2 LOC: PA1.02 14. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 13.1 LOC: PA1.02 15. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 13.4 LOC: PA1.02 16. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7 LOC: PA1.04 17. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7 LOC: PA1.04 18. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 14.1 LOC: PA1.01 19. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 14.2 LOC: PA1.01 20. ANS: T REF: MC OBJ: 14.2 LOC: PA1.01 21. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA1.06 22. ANS: T REF: MC OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA1.06 23. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 14.6 LOC: PA1.07 24. ANS: T REF: K/U OBJ: 14.6 LOC: PA1.07 25. ANS: F REF: I OBJ: 14.7 LOC: PA3.04

MULTIPLE CHOICE

26. ANS: E REF: MC OBJ: 1.1 LOC: CF3.02 27. ANS: C REF: C OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 28. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.04 29. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.06 30. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.06 31. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.06 32. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.06 33. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01 34. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3, 2.7 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.03 35. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01 36. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF3.01 37. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.01

ID: A

2

38. ANS: B REF: I OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF2.04 39. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.01, CF2.01 40. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.04 41. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF3.02 42. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.02 43. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4, 2.9 LOC: CF1.04 44. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 1.5 LOC: CF3.02 45. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 9.1 LOC: DL1.01 46. ANS: E REF: I OBJ: 9.1 LOC: DL2.01 47. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.02, DL1.03 48. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 49. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 9.3 LOC: DL1.02 50. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 9.3 LOC: DL1.02 51. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 9.3 LOC: DL1.02 52. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 9.4 LOC: DL1.03, DL2.02 53. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 10.1 LOC: DL1.03, DL2.01, DL2.02 54. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 10.2.1 LOC: DL1.03 55. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 10.3 LOC: DL1.03 56. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 10.3 LOC: DL1.03, DL2.02 57. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 10.3 LOC: DL1.03, DL2.02 58. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 10.4 LOC: DL1.03, DL2.02 59. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 60. ANS: A REF: I OBJ: 10.7 LOC: DL2.01, DL2.02 61. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 10.7 LOC: DL1.03 62. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 10.7 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 63. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 10.8 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 64. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 10.8 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 65. ANS: E REF: I OBJ: 10.9 LOC: DL2.01, DL2.02 66. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 10.9 LOC: DL1.03 67. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.1 LOC: PA1.02 68. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 13.4 LOC: PA1.01 69. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 13.5 LOC: PA1.02 70. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.1 LOC: PA1.02 71. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 13.2 LOC: PA1.02 72. ANS: B REF: MC OBJ: 13.3 LOC: PA1.02 73. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 13.3 LOC: PA1.02 74. ANS: D REF: I OBJ: 13.3.1 LOC: PA2.03 75. ANS: B REF: I OBJ: 13.3.1 LOC: PA2.03 76. ANS: D REF: MC OBJ: 13.3 LOC: PA1.02 77. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.3, 13.6 LOC: PA1.02 78. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7 LOC: PA1.04 79. ANS: D REF: MC OBJ: 13.7 LOC: PA2.02 80. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 81. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 82. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA1.02 83. ANS: B REF: MC OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02

ID: A

3

84. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 13.9 LOC: PA1.05 85. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 86. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 14.2 LOC: PA1.01 87. ANS: E REF: I OBJ: 14.3 LOC: PA2.02 88. ANS: D REF: I OBJ: 14.3.1 LOC: PA2.01 89. ANS: A REF: MC OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA1.06 90. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA1.07 91. ANS: A REF: MC OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA1.07 92. ANS: E REF: I OBJ: 14.3, 14.4.1 LOC: PA3.02 93. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA3.02 94. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 14.5 LOC: PA1.06 95. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 14.5 LOC: PA1.06 96. ANS: A REF: MC OBJ: 14.5 LOC: PA1.06 97. ANS: D REF: I OBJ: 14.5 LOC: PA3.04 98. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 14.6 LOC: PA1.07 99. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 14.6 LOC: PA1.07 100. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 14.7 LOC: PA3.04 101. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 14.7 LOC: PA3.04 102. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 14.7 LOC: PA3.04 103. ANS: D REF: MC OBJ: 14.8 LOC: PA3.02 104. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 14.8 LOC: PA3.03 105. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 14.8 LOC: PA1.01

COMPLETION

106. ANS: eukaryotic REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2LOC: CF1.01

107. ANS: chromosomes REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2LOC: CF1.01

108. ANS: cilia REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2LOC: CF1.01

109. ANS: amino acids REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3, 2.4LOC: CF1.02

110. ANS: lysosomes REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3LOC: CF1.01, CF1.06

111. ANS: endocytosis REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3LOC: CF1.03

112. ANS: chloroplast REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4LOC: CF1.04

113. ANS: amyloplasts REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4LOC: CF1.04

114. ANS: starch REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4, 2.4.1LOC: CF2.04

115. ANS: succulents REF: K/U OBJ: 13.2LOC: PA1.02

116. ANS: guard cells REF: K/U OBJ: 13.3LOC: PA1.02

ID: A

4

117. ANS: water, carbon dioxide REF: K/U OBJ: 13.3LOC: PA1.02

118. ANS: Translocation REF: K/U OBJ: 13.6LOC: PA1.02

119. ANS: water REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7LOC: PA2.02

120. ANS: seed REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7LOC: PA1.02

121. ANS: quantity of light, quality of light, temperature, humidity, soil nutrients

REF: I OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 122. ANS: nitrogen REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8

LOC: PA2.02 123. ANS: Cytokinin REF: K/U OBJ: 13.9

LOC: PA1.05 124. ANS: climax community REF: K/U OBJ: 14.1

LOC: PA1.01 125. ANS: Exotic REF: K/U OBJ: 14.2

LOC: PA1.01 126. ANS: Humus REF: K/U OBJ: 14.3

LOC: PA2.02 127. ANS: phosphorus, potassium REF: I OBJ: 14.3

LOC: PA2.02 128. ANS: Domestication REF: K/U OBJ: 14.4

LOC: PA3.02 129. ANS: Ethanol REF: K/U OBJ: 14.5

LOC: PA1.06 130. ANS: Desertification REF: K/U OBJ: 14.5

LOC: PA3.02 131. ANS: essential oils REF: MC OBJ: 14.6

LOC: PA1.07 132. ANS: Rubber REF: MC OBJ: 14.6

LOC: PA1.07 133. ANS: Pesticides REF: K/U OBJ: 14.7

LOC: PA3.04 134. ANS: IPM REF: K/U OBJ: 14.7

LOC: PA3.04 135. ANS: Genetic diversity REF: MC OBJ: 14.8

LOC: PA3.04

MATCHING

136. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 137. ANS: H REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 138. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 139. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 140. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01

ID: A

5

141. ANS: G REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01 142. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.01

143. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 144. ANS: C REF: MC OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL3.01 145. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 146. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 147. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 148. ANS: J REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 149. ANS: H REF: MC OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL3.01 150. ANS: F REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 151. ANS: I REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03 152. ANS: G REF: K/U OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL1.03

153. ANS: F REF: MC OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL3.02 154. ANS: B REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 155. ANS: H REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5, 10.7 LOC: DL1.03 156. ANS: D REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 157. ANS: A REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 158. ANS: E REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 159. ANS: G REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03 160. ANS: C REF: K/U OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL1.03

SHORT ANSWER

161. ANS: plant: any two of:

greencell walllarge vacuole

animal: any two of:colourlessno cell wallvacuole small or not seen

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.4 LOC: CF1.01, CF1.04 162. ANS:

DNA and RNA

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.2 LOC: CF1.02 163. ANS:

The role is to store, modify, and package proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

REF: K/U OBJ: 1.3 LOC: CF1.01

ID: A

6

164. ANS: The dog and wolf are members of the same genus because they share many characteristics in common. The common dog (Canis rufus) is probably a domesticated version of Canis lupus (though many centuries are thought to have past since this occurred). Despite the behavioural differences, the biological differences remain small, and so both creatures have many similarities that are not separated until you reach the "species" level of classification.

REF: I OBJ: 9.1 LOC: DL2.01 165. ANS:

Viruses, taken as a whole, have achieved a wide degree of diversity. They have been successful in being present almost everywhere on the planet despite their dependence on a host for successful replication. In addition, for many viruses, the host range is quite large, which affords them considerable flexibility as environmental conditions change and their potential host population changes.

REF: MC OBJ: 9.2 LOC: DL3.02 166. ANS:

Though members of the Gymnomycota are unicellular for much of their life cycle, some members (e.g., Dictyostelium) have their single cells converge into a large slimy plasmodium that begins to act like a single organism. The advancement to multicellularity would have been a large step in cellular evolution. How this could have occurred might be best studied by looking at an organism that has a change in its cell pattern as part of its life cycle.

REF: K/U OBJ: 9.4 LOC: DL1.03, DL1.04 167. ANS:

Mr. Birch is a victim of not understanding the concept of biodiversity. Although he may have been happy until his trees were defoliated, he was constantly running the risk of losing everything because he only had one species of plant on his property. When a pest came along, and he was not prepared to handle it, he lost all of his trees. Mr. Variety on the other hand, although he lost some trees, still managed to hold on to most of them because many of his trees were not susceptible to the birch leaf miner. He has understood the principle of biodiversity and has made sure that he has a wide range of plant species on his property to reduce the catastrophic loss suffered by Mr. Birch.

REF: MC OBJ: 10.5 LOC: DL3.02 168. ANS:

Alternation of generations refers to the complete life cycle of a plant, where the haploid stage produces gametes, and the diploid stage produces spores. By having a haploid stage, created by meiosis, there is a rearrangement of the genetic material, thus ensuring a certain degree of variability within the population. Such variability may be beneficial should a plant species be faced with some form of changing environmental condition.

REF: K/U OBJ: 10.6 LOC: DL1.04, DL3.02 169. ANS:

Plants have a life cycle in which a haploid form alternates with a diploid form. The haploid form is called a gametophyte because it produces gametes. The diploid form is called a sporophyte, which is a result of the union of two gametes. Some cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. Each spore develops into a haploid gametophyte. The life cycle of a haploid stage followed by a diploid stage is referred to as an alternation of generations.

REF: K/U OBJ: 10.6 LOC: DL1.04

ID: A

7

170. ANS: soil → root hairs→xylem (root)→xylem(stem)→xylem(leaf petiole)→xylem(vein)→palisade mesophyll

The forces involved in water transport are capillarity, adhesion and cohesion, transpiration.

REF: K/U OBJ: 13.3, 13.6 LOC: PA1.02 171. ANS:

The embryo will develop into the plant by forming a root and shoot structure.The seed coat protects the embryo, and once it absorbs water, germination can occur.The nutrient tissue provides food for the developing embryo.

REF: K/U OBJ: 13.7 LOC: PA1.01 172. ANS:

Nutrients are released in the form of inorganic ions through the physical and chemical weathering of rocks and the decomposition of organic matter by fungi and bacteria

REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 173. ANS:

Many nutrients form positive ions and bind to negatively charged ions in the soil. For plants to be able to absorb these positive ions, they must be released from the soil. The root hairs release hydrogen ions, which are positive ions, into the soil. The hydrogen ions exchange places with the positive ions in the soil ,so they are now available to the plant.

REF: K/U OBJ: 13.8 LOC: PA2.02 174. ANS:

Plant hormones can inhibit growth and are produced in the growing tissue itself, not by some distant source as are animal hormones.

REF: K/U OBJ: 13.9 LOC: PA1.05 175. ANS:

Auxins promote plant growth. They can cause unwanted plants such as weeds to grow so fast that they exhaust their carbohydrate reserves and die.

REF: MC OBJ: 13.9 LOC: PA1.05 176. ANS:

Cacti need to conserve water. Having a large amount of abscisic acid in its needles helps it to conserve water. Abscisic acid promotes the closing of the stomata. This helps the cactus plant because the closing of the stomata prevents water from evaporating out of the plant.

REF: MC OBJ: 13.9 LOC: PA1.05 177. ANS:

It will be secondary succession, following the partial or complete destruction of an existing community.

REF: K/U OBJ: 14.1 LOC: PA1.01 178. ANS:

As a result of the cultivation of hybrid species, fewer local varieties were cultivated, thereby reducing the diversity of food crops.

REF: K/U OBJ: 14.4 LOC: PA3.02

ID: A

8

179. ANS: It has allowed scientists to produce hemp plants with an extremely low content of THC. There is no drug-related concern with these hemp plants.

REF: I OBJ: 14.5 LOC: PA1.06 180. ANS:

PLANT PRODUCT PLANT SOURCE USEdigitoxin treat heart disorders

cotton plant fabrics

seeds of coca plant drink flavouring extract

latex rubber plant

tree bark dyes

REF: MC OBJ: 14.4, 14.5, 14.6 LOC: PA2.04

PROBLEM

181. ANS: ocular mag = 15×objective mag = 40×total mag = ocular × objective

= 15× × 40×

= 600× Therefore, the total magnification is 600 ×

REF: I OBJ: 1.4.1 LOC: CF2.01 182. ANS:

total mag = 150×ocular mag = 15×objective mag = total mag / ocular mag

= 150× / 15×

= 10×Therefore the student used a low power objective rated at 10×

REF: I OBJ: 1.4.1 LOC: CF2.01

ID: A

9

183. ANS: total mag = 75×objective mag = 10×ocular mag = total mag / objective mag

= 75× / 10×

= 7.5×An ocular marked 7.5× is unusual (unless your school has some); therefore, the student's report is unrealistic.

REF: I OBJ: 1.4.1 LOC: CF2.01

ESSAY

184. ANS: By not taking an antibiotic prescription in full, a person is not only putting themselves at risks but also indirectly putting others at risk by adding to the problem of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.

There was a time when antibiotics were unknown and consequently not used in medicine. As a result, many of the diseases that we class as curable today were previously lethal. Since the 1940s, when antibiotics became common, doctors have been able to successfully treat diseases and pathological conditions that might otherwise be fatal. However, the use of antibiotics themselves has led to an increasing and worrisome problem: bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

This resistance probably developed as a result of natural variations in the populations of bacteria. In the early years of antibiotic use, many of the weaker, but more numerous, strains of bacteria were greatly reduced in numbers or eliminated, leaving those bacteria with resistance to the antibiotics to become more numerous. The resistance is probably conferred to the bacteria by genetic elements contained on plasmids.

The problem with not taking a full course of antibiotics is that it enhances the antibiotic-resistance problem. Some resistance is dose-dependent so that ,if enough of the antibiotic is taken, the resistant bacteria can still be overcome. By not taking a full course of treatment, you are increasing the number of bacteria in the population that are resistant to that antibiotic.

In addition, the dosing of antibiotics is designed to eliminate the population of bacteria altogether. By not following the prescribed treatment, you run the risk of a recurring infection, caused by the very same bacteria that you first sought to destroy.

Consequently, there are risks not only to the person who has been given the antibiotic prescription but also to the members of the population at large.

REF: MC OBJ: 9.3 LOC: DL3.02

ID: A

10

185. ANS: The neighbour's first mistake is referring to mushrooms as weeds. "Weeds" is a term that most people associate with things like dandelions, which are plants; mushroom are not plants but members of the fungi kingdom. While there are similarities between plants and fungi (eukaryotic, organelles, cell walls, anchored sexual or asexual reproduction), there are many differences as well. Fungi often have more than one nucleus per cell, are heterotrophic, have few or no storage molecules, no roots, their cell walls have chitin, and none of them reproduces by seeds.

As for the neighbour's assertion that mushrooms are insignificant, he could not be more mistaken. Although the particular mushroom in his yard might not be edible, many in fact are consumed in large quantities by humans. In addition, many other members of the fungi kingdom serve useful roles. As an example, many decomposers act to break down complex organic substances into raw materials that other fungi and plants use for growth and development. Yeast is used to make bread, wine, and beer. Some fungi produce antibiotics while still others can be used a flavouring agents.

Although the neighbour may not like the appearance of the mushrooms in his lawn, he will have to accept the fact that his mushrooms are a fungus, not a plant, and that many of their kin are useful to humans.

REF: K/U OBJ: 10.1 LOC: DL1.01, DL1.02, DL1.03, DL1.04 186. ANS:

Since nicotine is addictive, people who smoke will have a harder time quitting, causing more cases of lung cancer, which will put additional strain on our health care system. More nicotine in products generates more profit for tobacco companies because people will consume more cigarettes when nicotine is increased.

REF: I OBJ: 14.6 LOC: PA3.04, PA3.02

ID: AB2SampleMidterm06_07 [Answer Strip]

_____ 1.T

_____ 2.T

_____ 3.T

_____ 4.F

_____ 5.F

_____ 6.F

_____ 7.T

_____ 8.F

_____ 9.F

_____ 10.F

_____ 11.F

_____ 12.T

_____ 13.T

_____ 14.T

_____ 15.F

_____ 16.T

_____ 17.T

_____ 18.F

_____ 19.F

_____ 20.T

_____ 21.T

_____ 22.T

_____ 23.F

_____ 24.T

_____ 25.F

_____ 26.E

_____ 27.C

_____ 28.C

_____ 29.D

_____ 30.D

_____ 31.B

_____ 32.A

_____ 33.C

_____ 34.D

_____ 35.A

_____ 36.B

_____ 37.E

_____ 38.B

_____ 39.D

_____ 40.B

_____ 41.D

_____ 42.D

_____ 43.D

_____ 44.E

_____ 45.C

_____ 46.E

_____ 47.A

_____ 48.B

_____ 49.C

_____ 50.D

_____ 51.B

_____ 52.A

_____ 53.A

_____ 54.C

_____ 55.C

_____ 56.A

_____ 57.D

_____ 58.D

_____ 59.D

_____ 60.A

ID: AB2SampleMidterm06_07 [Answer Strip]

_____ 61.C

_____ 62.D

_____ 63.B

_____ 64.E

_____ 65.E

_____ 66.E

_____ 67.C

_____ 68.A

_____ 69.B

_____ 70.C

_____ 71.A

_____ 72.B _____ 73.A

_____ 74.D

_____ 75.B

_____ 76.D

_____ 77.C

_____ 78.E

_____ 79.D

_____ 80.C

_____ 81.B

_____ 82.C

_____ 83.B

_____ 84.B

_____ 85.C

_____ 86.A

_____ 87.E

_____ 88.D

_____ 89.A

_____ 90.D

_____ 91.A

ID: AB2SampleMidterm06_07 [Answer Strip]

_____ 92.E

_____ 93.E

_____ 94.D

_____ 95.C

_____ 96.A

_____ 97.D

_____ 98.B

_____ 99.D

_____100.A

_____101.E

_____102.C

_____103.D

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_____105.C

_____136.B_____137.H_____138.F_____139.A_____140.C_____141.G_____142.D

_____143.A_____144.C_____145.E_____146.D_____147.B_____148.J_____149.H_____150.F_____151.I_____152.G

_____153.F_____154.B

_____155.H_____156.D_____157.A_____158.E_____159.G_____160.C