examples Linked Data Applications

Linked Data A

pplications: exam

ples

Asunción Góm

ez-Pérez Facultad de Inform

ática, Universidad P

olitécnica de Madrid

Cam

pus de Montegancedo sn, 28660 B

oadilla del Monte, M

adrid http://w

ww.oeg-upm

.net asun@

fi.upm.es

Acknow

ledgements:

O.C

orcho, D. G

arijo, D. V

ila, L.Vilches, B

. Villazón

Santiago de C

ompostela. 16 de M

ayo de 2012

Work distributed under the license C

reative Com

mons A

ttribution-Noncom

mercial-S

hare Alike 3.0

Día W

3C en E

spaña, 12 de Enero de 2012

Table of content

1.The concept

2.Foundations

3.The process

4.E

xamples

•Libraries: http://datos.bne.es

•G

eo: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ •

Metereology:http://aem

et.linkeddata.es/ •

Travelling: http://webenem

asuno.linkeddata.es/

2

Día W

3C en E


Com

plex queries using data from heterogeneous W

eb pages 3

http://ww

w.aemet

http://ww

w.viaf.org/

*Picture attribution: http://comm

ons.wikim

edia.org/wiki/U

ser:Gugerell

Cervantes enthusiast from

Germ

any visiting M

adrid and willing to know

m

ore about Cervantes’ w

ork and life

http://ww

w.bne.es/

http://elviajero.elpais.com/

Día W

3C en E


M. C

ervantes

Don Q

uixote

Hebrew

creator

Translated into

1960

Year of

publication

VIAF

located

Data Integration

4

M. C

ervantes Alcalá de H

enares

Alcalá de Henares

birthPlace

Sam

e as

Alcalá de Henares

20º

Temperatura

M. C

ervantes

El Quijote A

utor

1605 Año de

Publicación

BN

E

Ubicado en

B

D B

NE

BD

VIAF

BD

AEM

ET B

D IG

N

Alcalá de Henares

Tapas Siglo de O

ro

guía

BD

Prisa

BD

D

Bpedia

Día W

3C en E


Table of content

1.The concept

2.Foundations

3.The process

4.E

xamples


•G


Metereology:http://aem




5

Día W

3C en E


LinkedD

ata: why

itisim

portant?

•Facilitate data integration •

From heterogeous sources

•In different form

ats •

Different granularity

•In different languages

•From

different countries

© Slide adapted from

“5min Introduction to Linked D

ata”- Olaf H

artig

Día W

3C en E


Linked Open D

ata evolution

�2007 �

2008

�2009

�2010

•UK

Governm

ent •U

S G

overnment

•BB

C

•Open C

alais •Freebase •N

Y Times

•CN

ET

•Dbpedia

•….

Día W

3C en E


LOD

clouds

Día W

3C en E


Linked Open D

ata – Some Spanish D

atasets 9

Día W

3C en E


Foundations U

nique identifiers: UR

I identify or nam

e a resource R

DF(S) m

odels

Cer

El Quijote

Cervantes

Is creator of

Cer

Work

Person Is creator of

Is a Is a

http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747 http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX3383563

http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/C1005


Equivalence links to other datasets S

ame A

s

http://viaf.org/viaf/17220427

Cervantes

Same As

Same As

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Miguel_de_C

ervantes

Cervantes

Data navigation

Día W

3C en E


Foundations Aligning M

odels with O

wl E

quivalentClass

EquivalentClass

Same As

http://xmlns.com

/foaf/0.1/Person Person

http://schema.org/P

erson Person

EquivalentClass

Lessons learnt 1.R

euse existing models

2.Align the data and the concepts.

Municipality

Person birthPlace


http://dbpedia.org/resource/Municipalities_of_Spain

http://dbpedia.org/page/Alcal%

C3%

A1_de_H

enares

Alcalá de Henares

Is a

http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipio

Municipio

http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Alcalá de H

enares

Alcalá de Henares

Is a

Día W

3C en E


El modelo (O

ntología) y los datos (2 datasets)

13

Obra

Lengua

translation

Año P

ublication date

Biblioteca

Ubicado en

Person Is creator of

Has subject

El Quijote

Cervantes

Is creator of

Catalán

translation

1960 P

ublication date

BN

E

Located in

Has subject Vida de C

ervantes

Ontology

Data

birthPlace Lugar

birthPlace Alcalá de H

enares

Día W

3C en E


El modelo (O

ntología) y los datos (2 datasets)

14



translation

Año

Publication date

http://xmlns.com

/foaf/0.1/Organization

Located in


Is creator of

Has subject

http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX3383563 http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747

Es autor

http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1924295

translation

1960 Publication date

BN

E

Located in

Has subject

http://datos.bne.es/resource/bimo0002045496

Vida de M

iguel de Cervantes S

aavedra

Don Q

uijote de la Mancha

Cervantes S

aavedra, Miguel de

Catalán

Ontology

Data

http://datos.bne.es/#

Language work

Biblioteca

Person

http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Municipio

birthPlace

http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Alcalá de H

enares

birthPlace

Día W

3C en E


Table of content

1.The concept

2.Foundations

3.The process

4.E

xamples

15

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Specification

Specification

Modelling

RD

F Generation

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

•Source data: M

AR

C 21 records, not R

DB

. Very flat

structure difficult to map to richer m

odels •

Dom

ain experts (catalogers) need to be part of the mapping

process.

•D

ata quality good but still many errors: reporting.

•

Iterative and incremental transform

ation process: measure

coverage and progress.

•H

ighly specialized library models: FR

BR

, ISB

D.

•M

ultilinguality, collaboration with IFLA

Día W

3C en E


Specification

Specification

Modelling

RD

F Generation

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

•R

ecords in the MA

RC

21 format

•3.9 m

illion bibliographical records •

4.2 million authority records

•V

ersion: Novem

ber, 2011

17

Día W

3C en E


Model: FR

BR

at a glance

Works

Expressions

Manifestations

Work 1

Work 2

Work 3

Expression1

Expression 2

Manifestation1

Manifestation2

Specification

Modelling

R

DF G

eneration

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

18

Día W

3C en E


The Ontology: based on IFLA

vocabularies

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Marim

ba uses the ontology to generate RD

F

BN

E Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Marim

ba links with other resources:

VIAF, D

NB

, SUD

OC

, LIBR

IS, DB

pedia

BN

E

http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1718747

Same As

Same As

Same As

Same As

Same As

LIBR

IS

http://libris.kb.se/resource/auth/45369

SUD

OC

http://ww

w.idref.fr/026774771/id

DN

B

http://d-nb.info/gnd/11851993X

DB

pedia

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Miguel_de_C

ervantes

VIAF

http://viaf.org/viaf/17220427

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Marim


VIAF, D

NB

, SUD

OC

, LIBR

IS, DB

pedia

Día W

3C en E


Publicación

Data publication

Metadata publicacion using V

OID

To facilitate the discovery

• Register in C

KA

N your dataset

• Use to sitem

ap4rdf to generate the site map

• Upload the site m

ap to Google and Sindice

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Exploitation

select distinct CO

UN

T(?Obras) w

here { http://datos.bne.es/resource/X

X1718747 <http://iflastandards.info/ns/fr/frbr/frbrer/P2010> ?O

bras }

UR

I Cervantes

Is author

SP

AR

QL queries

Web Interface

Especification

Model

RD

F generation

Publication

Exploitation

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm.es/bne-dem

o

Día W

3C en E


•M

odelling:

•O

pen Metadata R

egistry •

Neon Toolkit

•

Mapping and generation

•M

AR

iMbA

: Library-oriented, supports and facilitates the entire process od transform

ation from M

AR

C21 to R

DF

•

Publication: •

Virtuoso U

niversal Server

•P

ubby •

CK

AN

registry •

Sitem

ap4rdf

•Exploitation: •

Web A

pplications that visualize data using SP

AR

QL

Technological Support

Día W

3C en E


Table of content

1.The concept

2.Foundations

3.The process

4.E

xamples


•http://linkeddata3.dia.fi.upm

.es/bne-demo

•G


Metereology: http://aem




26

Día W

3C en E


Metodología

•D

ata sources analysis

•U

RI D

esign

•License definition

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

27 R

eunión bilateral CN

IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Día W

3C en E


Identification and selection of data sources28

Specification

Modelling

RD

F Generation

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

Geographical S

panish Institute

Statistical

Spanish

institute

Día W

3C en E


29

Specification

Modelling

RD

F Generation

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

•G

eographic Spanish Institute

•M

ultilingual (Spanish, V

asc, Gallician, C

atalan) •

Conceptualization m

istmatches

•G

ranularity (scale concept) •

Textual information

Inform. hidrográfica. E

mbalse, albufera, río, etc.

Transportes. Vía desdoblada, Ferrocarril, …

U

nidades Administrativas. M

unicipio. •

Particularaties •

Longitude and latitude

•S

tatistic Spanish Institute

•M

onolingual •

Num

erical information

•P

articularaties •

Geo (textual level) and Tem

poral

Día W

3C en E


1. Identification and selection of the data sources

IGN

-E

Día W

3C en E


Statistical information

Specification

31 R


IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


UR

I design

•U

se meaningful U

RIs, instead of opaque U

RIs

•Separate TB

ox (ontology model) from

ABox

•B

ase UR

I

http://linkeddata.es/ http://geo.linkeddata.es/

http://otalex.linkeddata.es/

•O

ntología (TBox U

RIs)

http://phenom

enontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/{concept|property}

http://phenomenontology.linkeddata.es/ontology/M

unicipio

We use the R

DF D

ata Cube V

ocabulary and/or other vocabularies

•D

atos (ABox U

RIs)

http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/{resource type}/{resource nam

e}

http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/Municipio/B

adajoz

Specification

32 R


IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


License Definition

•Several possibilities •

The UK

Open G

overnment License

•O

pen Database License

•P

ublic Dom

ain Dedication and License

•O

pen Data C

omm

ons Attribution License

•The C

reative Com

mons Licenses (C

C)

•It is also possible to reuse and apply an existing license of the (governm

ent) data sources.

Specification

33 R


IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Ontology34

•O

ntologies: •

A set of term

s •

A set of explicit assum

ptions regarding the intended meaning of

the terms.

•A

lmost alw

ays including concepts and their classification •

Alm

ost always including properties betw

een concepts

•S

hared understanding of a domain of interest

•

Ontologies expressed in O

WL or R

DF(S

), both based on R

DF

•

The NeO

n methodology helps to build ontologies

Modelling

Specification

Modelling

R

DF G

eneration

Publication

Links Generation

Exploitation

Día W

3C en E


2. Vocabulary development

Identification of the data sources

Vocabulary developm

ent

Generation

of the RD

F Data

Publication of the R

DF data

Linking the R

DF data

Data cleansing

Enable effective discovery

http://ww

w4.w

iwiss.fu-berlin.de/bizer/pub/LinkedD

ataTutorial/#whichvocabs

Día W

3C en E


2. Vocabulary development

•Features •

Lightweight :

•Taxonom

ies and a few properties

•C

onsensuated vocabularies •

To avoid the mapping problem

s •

Multilingual •

Linked data are multilingual

•The N

eOn m

ethodology can help to •

Re-enginer N

on ontological resources into ontologie•

Pros: use dom

ain terminology already

consensuated by domain experts

•W

ithdraw in heavyw

eight ontologies those features that you don’t need

•R

euse existing vocabularies

36 A

sunción Góm

ez Pérez


Vocabulary developm

ent

Generation

of the RD

F Data


DF data

Linking the R

DF data

Data cleansing


Día W

3C en E


Vocabulary development: Specification

•C

ontent requirements: Identify the set of questions

that the ontology should answer

•W

hich one are the provinces in Spain?

•W

here are the beaches? •

Where are the reservoirs?

•Identify the production index in M

adrid •

Which one is the city w

ith higher production index? •

Give m

e Madrid latitude and altitude

•…

.

•N

on-content requirements

•The ontology m

ust be in the four official Spanish languages

37 A

sunción Góm

ez Pérez

Día W

3C en E


Reuse

availablevocabularies38

Search for suitable

vocabularies

Linked Open Vocabularies

are there suitable

vocabularies?

Build the vocabulary by

reusing available vocabularies

Yes

No

…

Modelling

Día W

3C en E


Reuse

availablenon-ontologicalresources39

Search for suitable

non-ontological resources

Highly reliable W

eb Sites

Dom

ain-related sites G

overnment C

atalogs

are there suitable

resources?

Build the vocabulary by

transforming available

resources

Yes

No

Build the vocabulary from

scratch

Modelling

Día W

3C en E


2. Lightweight O

ntology Developm

ent

hasStatisticalD

ataon

Ontology

Specification

Legend

hydrOntology

�

FAO

FAO

Geopolitical

ontology

WG

S84 �

W3C

Vocabulary

GM

L

�G

ML

Specification

O.

Statistics

SC

OV

OO.

Time

W3C

Time

hasLat/Long

hasGeom

etry

hasLat/Long

hasGeom

etry

hasLocation/isLocated

Thesaurus

UN

ES

CO

�E

GM

/ER

M

GeoN

ames

…

scv:Dim

ension scv:Item

scv:D

ataset

WG

S84 Geo

Positioning: an R

DF

vocabulary

hydrographical phenom

ena (rivers, lakes, etc.)

Ontology for O

GC

G

eography Markup

Language

Vocabulary for

instants, intervals, durations, etc.

Nam

es and international code system

s for territories and groups

Following the IN

SP

IRE

(IN

frastructure for SP

atial InfoRm

ation in Europe) recom

mendation.

hydrOntology,S

CO

VO

, FAO

Geopolitcal, W

GS

84, GM

L, and Time

Classes

33 33

Object P

roperties 44

44

Data P

roperties 318

318 reused

Día W

3C en E


Modelización del dom

inio hidrográfico Nivelsup

Nivelinferior

Luis Manuel V

ilches Blázquez

Día W

3C en E


Implem

entación & Form

alizacón

1 2 3

4

5

+150 conceptos (classes) , 47 tipos de relaciones (properties)

y 64 tipos de atributos (attribute types)

+ Pellet

Luis Manuel V

ilches Blázquez

Día W

3C en E


2. Vocabulary development: H

ydrOntology

43 A

sunción Góm

ez Pérez

Día W

3C en E


44

GeoLinkedD

ata M

odelling

Día W

3C en E


3. Generation of R

DF

•From

the Data sources

•G

eographic information (D

atabases) •

Statistic inform

ation (.xsl) •

Geospatial inform

ation

•D

ifferent technologies for RD

F generation •

NO

R20 (from

excell, XM

L, text files, …)

•R

20 and OD

EM

apster (from D

atabases) •

Geom

etry2RD

F and SP

h2RD

F (for Geo

data)


Vocabulary developm

ent

Generation

of the RD

F Data


DF data

Linking the R

DF data

Data cleansing


Día W

3C en E


3. Generation of the R

DF D

ata

INE

NO

R2 O

ODEM

apster

IGN

IGN

Geospatial colum

n Geom

etry2RDF

Día W

3C en E

spaña, 12 de Enero de 2012 3. G

eneration of the RD

F Data / instances

•

PR

-NO

Rs define a procedure that transform

s a Non-O

ntological Resource

(NO

R) com

ponents into ontology elements. http://ontologydesignpatterns.org/

NO

R2 O

· Classification

schemes

· Thesauri

· Lexicons

NO

R2 O

FAO

Water classification

· Classification schem

e · P

ath enumeration data m

odel · Im

plemented in a database

Día W

3C en E



DF D

ata – NO

R2 O

Industry Production Index

Province

Year

NO

R2 O

Día W

3C en E


Generación de R

DF estadístico

ota:ds/population ota:ds/population/A

zuaga_2008

qb:dataSet

qb:Observation

ota:Year/2008

sdmx-dim

ension:refPeriod

rdf:type

Día

W3C

enEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

sssssssssppppppppppppaaaaaaaaaaaañññññññññññññññññaaaaaaaaaa11111111111111122222222222222222222

ddddddddddddddddddddeeeeEEEEEEEEEEE

nerode

2012

ota:Municipio/A

zuaga

otaonto:geoArea

8396

otaonto:population

rdf: http://ww

w.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#

qb: http://purl.org/linked-data/cube# ota: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/resource/ otaonto: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/ontology/ property: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/property/ sdm

x-dimension: http://purl.org/linked-data/sdm

x/2009/dimension#

52 R


IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Generación

RD

F Data C

ube – Observation

Día W

3C en E


R2 O

• es

un lenguaje

declarativo que

describe m

appings entre los esquemas de bases de datos

relaciones y ontologías.

RD

B

Relational M

odel

Persons

Organization

<xml>

R2 O

Mapping

</xml>

Ontology

Professor Student

University

© M

igración de datos a la Web de los D

atos - Enfoques, técnicas y herram

ientas Luis M

anuel Vilches B

lázquez

Día W

3C en E


Upgrading D

atabase content to the semantic W

eb

•Integrating inform

ation from different D

B

sources •

Reuse of legacy D

Bs and legacy ontologies

•R

2 O: D

eclarative Mapping description

language •

OD

EM

apster: Generic query processor.

•asking queries to a relational database using ontology term

s •

On dem

and query answering

•B

atch ontology population •

A w

ell defined method for upgrading and

integrating content from heterogeneous

sources.

Día W

3C en E


Geography

Reunión bilateral C

NIG

– OE

G

Proyecto O

TALE

X 55

RD

F Generation

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

shp2RD

F

geometry2R

DF

shp2RD

F

Día W

3C en E


Oracle STO

UTIL package

SE

LEC

T TO_C

HA

R(S

DO

_UTIL.TO

_GM

L311GE

OM

ETR

Y(geometry))

A

S G

ml311G

eometry

FRO

M "B

CN

200"."BCN

200_0301L_RIO

" c W

HER

E c.E

tiqueta='Arroyo'

56

Geom

etry (geometry2R

DF)


NIG

– OE

G

Proyecto O

TALE

X

Generation

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E



DF D

ata – Geom

etry2RD

F

Día W

3C en E


Generación de R

DF geoespacial

Generación

58

geoes:resource/Embalse/Em

balse%

20de%20O

rellana

rdf:type

geoes:ontology/Embalse

geo:geometry

otalex:resource/4e994dad1c44d2b50597dd64ddfbcac30de06d80

-5.498

38.985 geo:lat

geo:long

geoes: http://geo.linkeddata.es/ otalex: http://otalex.linkeddata.es/ geo: http://w

ww

.w3.org/2003/01/geo/w

gs84_pos#

Embalse de O

rellana

rdfs:label

otalex:resource/ 38.984222213320045_-5.49938294416971

otalex:resource/wgs84/38.982575823226234_-

5.495821779307759

otalex:resource/wgs84/38.98531526569159_-

5.498594084713078

geoes:Polígono

rdf:type

otalex:resource/wgs84/…

58 R


IG – O

EG

P

royecto OTA

LEX

Día W

3C en E


Generación de R

DF geoespacial


NIG

– OE

G

Proyecto O

TALE

X 60

Generación

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Marim


VIAF, D

NB

, SUD

OC

, LIBR

IS, DB

pedia

IGN

Same A

s

Same A

s

Geonam

es http://w

ww.geonam

es.org/2521436/

DB

pedia

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Azuaga

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

http://geo.linkeddata.es/page/resource/Municipio/A

zuaga

Día W

3C en E


Día W

3C en E


Publicación

Data publication

Metadata publicacion using V

OID

To facilitate the discovery

• Register in C

KA

N your dataset

• Use to sitem

ap4rdf to generate the site map

• Upload the site m

ap to Google and Sindice

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Día W

3C en E


Exploitation

Web Interface

Especification

Model

RD

F generation

Publication

Exploitation

Specification

Modelling

RD

F G

eneration

Publication

Exploitation

Links G

eneration

Visualización Exploitation

map4rdf:

• Google m

aps viewer of R

DF resources

• Resources w

ith spatial information

• Used in other applications like A

EM

ET, G

oodrelations, G

eoLinked Data, E

l Viajero…

map4rdf

http://oegdev.dia.fi.upm.es/projects/m

ap4rdf/

SPARQ

L

Triplestore

Día W

3C en E


•Sim

ple SPAR

QL Q

uery •

To get the RD

F instances of the Laguna concept, and their geom

etry property.

•C

omplex SPA

RQ

L Query:

•To get resources near the city of A

zuaga, at a distance of 10Km

(0.1) and w

ith labels in spanish. The query has a limit of 50

resources.

65

PR

EFIX geo: <http://w

ww.w

3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>

SE

LEC

T ?subject ?label ?latitude2 ?longitude2 WH

ER

E {<http://geo.linkeddata.es/resource/M

unicipio/Azuaga>

<http://ww

w.w3.org/2003/01/geo/w

gs84_pos#geometry> ?g. ?g geo:lat ?latitude. ?g geo:long ?longitude.

?subject <http://ww


gs84_pos#geometry> ?g2. ?g2 geo:lat ?latitude2. ?g2 geo:long

?longitude2. ?subject rdfs:label ?label. FILTER

(xsd:double(?latitude2) - xsd:double(?latitude) <= 0.1 &&

xsd:double(?latitude) - xsd:double(?latitude2) <= 0.1 &

& xsd:double(?longitude2) - xsd:double(?longitude) <=

0.1 &&

xsd:double(?longitude) - xsd:double(?longitude2) <= 0.1 &&

lang(?label) = "es"). } limit 50

SE

LEC

T ?x ?geo WH

ER

E {?x rdf:type <http://geo.linkeddata.es/ontology/Laguna> .

?x <http://ww


gs84_pos#geometry> ?geo}

examples Linked Data Applications

Documents

Transcript of examples Linked Data Applications