Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics Across Two …...Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics...
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Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics Across Two Decades with LEHD Data. Daniel Schleith, Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, 401 Braunstein Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, E-mail: [email protected] Michael J. Widener, PhD, Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, 401 Braunstein Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, E-mail: [email protected] 1
Transcript of Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics Across Two …...Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics...
Examining Changes in Commuting Metrics Across Two Decades with LEHD
Data.
Daniel Schleith, Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, 401 Braunstein Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, E-mail: [email protected]
Michael J. Widener, PhD, Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, 401 Braunstein
Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0131, E-mail: [email protected]
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Introduction • Some amount of travel to work is “required” by the layout
of a region. • Actual travel to work always higher than this required
amount.
• z
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Background
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Horner, M. W. (2002) Extensions to the concept of excess commuting. Environment and Planning A, 34, 543-566.
Commuting Measures • Observed Commutes (Tobs) The average commute distance
• Theoretical Minimum Commute (Tmin) Measure of jobs-housing balance
• Theoretical Maximum Commute (Tmax) Measure of overall dispersion or sprawl
• Excess Commuting (EC) (Tobs – Tmin) / Tobs
• Commuting Range (R) Tmax – Tmin
• Capacity Used (CU) (Tobs – Tmin) / R
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Metro Locations
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Considerations for the analysis
• 25 metro regions • 2 years (2002 & 2011) • 2 geographic extents (the 1990 metro
definition and the 2010 metro definition) • Road network distance used as the
commuting cost. • Scaling the underlying geography to be
computationally feasible.
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LEHD Data
• Published by the census bureau with almost complete national coverage Massachusetts missing, some states missing 2002, 2003
• Created from state unemployment insurance records • Consists of per block counts of residents and workers • Available from 2002-2011 currently • Already aggregated to 2010 blocks for 02-09 • Some workers are not included in the data Migrant workers, uniformed military, and self-employed
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Rank Order Comparison Tmin
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Discussion • We recalculated all of the commuting
measures from Horner’s 2002 paper for 25 metro regions.
• Understand how the urban forms are changing over time. Miami’s results support a polycentric urban form
being able to facilitate shorter commutes Overall metros remain fairly consistent
o Especially with 1990 boundaries preserved oColumbus the only metro to decrease in Tmin, Tobs,
and Tmax from 2002 to 2011.
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Appendix
The Transportation Problem
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