Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society. OUTCOME.
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Transcript of Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society. OUTCOME.
• Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society.
OUTCOME
North
The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea (south to north.
South
THE NILE
The Nile River, longest river in the world (6741 kilometers)
Shaped like a lotus flower, Egyptian symbol for the regeneration of life.
Upper Nile divides into three tributaries (White, Blue, Atbara)
EGYPT “THE NILE”
Unlike the Euphrates and Tigris River flooding was relatively predictable
From July to September Created a rich and fertile layer of alluvial soil
EGYPT “THE NILE”
Inundation- to flood; cover or overspread with water; deluge.
Alluvial deposit- clay or silt or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down.
Tributaries- a stream that flows to a larger stream or other body of water.
Papyrus- a material on which to write, prepared from thin strips of the pith of this plant laid together, soaked, pressed, and dried, used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.
VOCABULARY
ORIGIN OF THE NILE
The flooding of the Nile created extremely fertile land.
Facilitated intensive agriculture (critical element of civilized life)
Flooding was the only sustainable water source for crops.
Irrigation canals (control) / rainfall non-existent
FLOODING
Marshes and wetlands also provided fish, birds, animals, and insects
Variety of animals ( cattle, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks and geese).
EGYPTIAN MARSHES AND THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
Hunted hippopotamus, but left crocodiles alone (feared the gods)
Provided a rich variety of plants (papyrus, reeds and water lilies( perfume)
Papyrus, and reeds used to make rope, mats, baskets, huts and light skiffs (boats)
EGYPTIAN MARSHES AND THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS
EGYPTIAN CALENDAR
Ancient Egyptians followed a calendar system of 360 days:
three seasons
each season made up of 4 months
thirty days in each month.
The Nile enriched the land for Egyptian farmers.
Civilization thrived because of the Nile’s consistency.
The inundation of the Nile was deified as the god Hapi (Hapy)
EGYPT WAS THE GIFT OF THE NILE
Egypt was the “gift of the Nile”
Benefits
Unifying Transportatio
n artery
Shipbuilding
Trade
Soil fertility
Abundance of food
Need for storage
Need for records
Occupational Specializatio
n
Problems
Aridity
Need to predict flood cycle
Boundaries marked (annually)
Irrigation
measurement
Astronomy
calendar
surveying
records
Writing and geometry
floods
Need to ensure material well- being by calling upon the supernatural
Priest Class Need for rainmaker/God/King= Pharaoh
Need to ensure reincarnation of the Pharaoh and to provide for the afterlife
Ritual
Magic spells
Book of the Dead
Embalming
Anatomy
Medicine
Tombs
Temples
Architects
Masons
Painting
Sculpture
Artists
Craftsmen
Hieroglyphics
Scribes