Examination of Mucous Membranes
Transcript of Examination of Mucous Membranes
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MUCOUS MEMBRANES EXAMINATION
ByHussein Awad Hussein Mohammed
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Examination of Mucous Membranes
Examination of visible mucous membranes is of great clinical importance in determination of general condition of examined animal.
Types of mucous membranes
• Visible mucous membranes (conjunctival, nasal, bucal, and vaginal mucous membranes).• Invisible mucous membranes (GIT, respiratory tract, etc.)
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Aspects of mucous membranes examination
1-Color.2-Presence or absence of lesions.
3-Presence or absence of discharges (exudates).
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(A)-Changes in the color of mucous membranes
1-Normally: Either bright red or rosy red color.
2-Abnormally:a-Anemic mucous membranes:
*Causes:•Blood loss.
•Haemolysis (blood parasites such as Babesia)•Leucosis
•Nutritional deficiency (iron deficiency) •Exposure to X-rays for long run.
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b)-Congestive mucous membranes:*Causes:
•Limited congestion (inflammation at the site of mm.)•Diffused congestion: as in diseases of heart, and
lung.
c)-Yellowish or icteric mucous membranes:*Causes: due to jaundice as a result of :
•Blood parasites•Letospirosis
•Hepatitis and cholecystitis in ruminants.•Infectious anemia in horse.
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d)-Cyanosed mucous membranes:It means bluish discoloration of visible
mucous membranes.*Causes:
•Myocarditis•Pericarditis
•Intoxication with plant and mineral toxins.•Decrease ventilation.
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(B)-Presence or absence of lesions
1-Normally: Mucous membranes are normally of intact
surfaces.2-Abnormally:
presence of lesions in the form of vesicle, papule, pustule, erosions, or even ulcers.
*Causes:Contagious pleuropneumonia of horse, cattle
plague, and canine plague.
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(C)-Presence or absence of discharges (exudates).
1-Normally: No exudates but covered with thin layer of serous fluid keep the mucous membranes
moisted.2-Abnormally:
Presence of inflammatory discharges either mucoid, febrinous, purulent or Mucopurulent
discharges. And either unilateral or bilateral in case of nasal discharges.