Exam Tip of the Day... there will be two multiple choice questions on Anthony King “Running...

Exam Tip of the Day...Exam Tip of the Day...

• there will be two multiple choice questions on there will be two multiple choice questions on Anthony King “Running Scared” (in the Anthony King “Running Scared” (in the course readings package)course readings package)

• Students with last names beginning with A-L Students with last names beginning with A-L will write the mid-term exam in MC 4021. All will write the mid-term exam in MC 4021. All students with last names beginning M-Z will students with last names beginning M-Z will write in DWE 2527.write in DWE 2527.

• note two new articles (#22 and #25) on course note two new articles (#22 and #25) on course webpage!! webpage!!

Mid-Term Exam – Thurs., Nov.3Mid-Term Exam – Thurs., Nov.3

• two sectionstwo sections– lectures (66%)lectures (66%)

• short paragraph (2x32%)short paragraph (2x32%)– Part A (choose one of two)Part A (choose one of two)– Part B (choose one of two)Part B (choose one of two)

– readings/multimedia (34%)readings/multimedia (34%)• multiple choice (34 questions, 1% each)multiple choice (34 questions, 1% each)

– 12 questions on textbook readings12 questions on textbook readings» approx. 3 questions per chapterapprox. 3 questions per chapter

– 16 questions on newsclippings16 questions on newsclippings» one per readingone per reading

– 6 questions on video presentations 6 questions on video presentations » one per dayone per day

THE THE UNITED STATES UNITED STATES

CONGRESS CONGRESS (Cont’d)(Cont’d)

October 27, 2005October 27, 2005

Inside Congress -- Inside the Inside Congress -- Inside the SenateSenate

• party leadershipparty leadership– Vice President/Presidet Pro TemporeVice President/Presidet Pro Tempore

– Majority Leader/Minority LeaderMajority Leader/Minority Leader

Inside Congress -- Inside the Inside Congress -- Inside the SenateSenate

• party leadershipparty leadership– Vice President/Presidet Pro TemporeVice President/Presidet Pro Tempore

– Majority Leader/Minority LeaderMajority Leader/Minority Leader

– Majority Whip/Minority WhipMajority Whip/Minority Whip

• weak party disciplineweak party discipline

Party Unity – The SenateParty Unity – The Senate

SENATE SUPPORTSENATE SUPPORT

RepublicansRepublicans DemocratsDemocratsAllard, COAllard, CO 98%98% Dayton, MNDayton, MN 99%99%

Helms, NCHelms, NC 98%98% Reed, RIReed, RI 99%99%

Kyl, AZKyl, AZ 98%98% Daschle, SDDaschle, SD 98%98%

Lott, MSLott, MS 98%98% Kerry, MAKerry, MA 98%98%

McConnell, McConnell, KYKY

98%98% Levin, MILevin, MI 98%98%

Party Unity – Senate (Support for Party Unity – Senate (Support for Republicans)Republicans)

Highest (D) and Lowest (R)Highest (D) and Lowest (R)

RepublicansRepublicans DemocratsDemocratsChafee, RIChafee, RI 50%50% Miller, GAMiller, GA 58%58%

Specter, PASpecter, PA 60%60% Nelson, NBNelson, NB 42%42%

Snowe, MESnowe, ME 64%64% Breaux, LABreaux, LA 41%41%

Collins, MECollins, ME 67%67% Baucus, MTBaucus, MT 33%33%

McCain, AZMcCain, AZ 67%67% Cleland, GACleland, GA 22%22%

Inside Congress -- Inside the Inside Congress -- Inside the SenateSenate• the Senate Atmosphere -- Senatorial Privilegesthe Senate Atmosphere -- Senatorial Privileges

• Cloture and the FilibusterCloture and the Filibuster• record – Thurmond, civil rights, 1957record – Thurmond, civil rights, 1957

• McCain/Feingold, 1998-1999McCain/Feingold, 1998-1999

• 2003 federal court justice appointments2003 federal court justice appointments

• the committee systemthe committee system– importantimportant– committee chair term limits (1995)committee chair term limits (1995)

Inside Congress -- Between the Inside Congress -- Between the HousesHouses

• A Congress Divided?A Congress Divided?

Inside Congress -- Between the Inside Congress -- Between the HousesHouses

• A Congress Divided?A Congress Divided?

• Differences between the HousesDifferences between the Houses– electoral time-frameselectoral time-frames

– representational concernsrepresentational concerns

– dynamics of operationdynamics of operation

• balancing different interestsbalancing different interests

Congress and the PresidentCongress and the President

• Presidential Support in CongressPresidential Support in Congress

Party Unity – House Presidential SupportParty Unity – House Presidential Support


RepublicansRepublicans DemocratsDemocratsPaul, TXPaul, TX 49%49% Hall, TXHall, TX 86%86%

Morella, MDMorella, MD 53%53% Lucas, KYLucas, KY 81%81%

Leach, IOLeach, IO 60%60% John, LAJohn, LA 69%69%

Gilman, NYGilman, NY 62%62% Cramer, ALCramer, AL 67%67%

Ramstad, MNRamstad, MN 65%65% Shows, MSShows, MS 64%64%

Party Unity – Senate Presidential SupportParty Unity – Senate Presidential Support


RepublicansRepublicans DemocratsDemocratsChafee, RIChafee, RI 84%84% Miller, GAMiller, GA 82%82%

Snowe, MESnowe, ME 84%84% Breaux, LABreaux, LA 77%77%

Specter, PASpecter, PA 87%87% Landrieu, LALandrieu, LA 74%74%

Collins, MECollins, ME 88%88% Nelson, NBNelson, NB 74%74%

McCain, AZMcCain, AZ 91%91% Baucus, MTBaucus, MT 71%71%



• United vs. Divided GovernmentUnited vs. Divided Government– frequencyfrequency

United and Divided Government, United and Divided Government, 1968-20041968-2004

• 1968-69 Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D1968-69 Nixon, Sen.=D, Rep=D



• 1974-75 Nixon/Ford, Sen.=D*, 1974-75 Nixon/Ford, Sen.=D*, Rep=DRep=D

• 1976-77 Carter, Sen.=D*, Rep=D1976-77 Carter, Sen.=D*, Rep=D

• 1978-79 Carter, Sen.=D, Rep=D1978-79 Carter, Sen.=D, Rep=D

• 1980-81 Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D1980-81 Reagan, Sen.=R, Rep=D




• 1988-89 Bush, Sen.=D, Rep=D1988-89 Bush, Sen.=D, Rep=D

• 1990-91 Bush, Sen.=D, Rep.=D1990-91 Bush, Sen.=D, Rep.=D

• 1992-93 Clinton, Sen.=D, Rep=D1992-93 Clinton, Sen.=D, Rep=D

• 1994-95 Clinton, Sen.=R, Rep=R1994-95 Clinton, Sen.=R, Rep=R



• 2000-02 Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R2000-02 Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R

• 2002-04 Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R2002-04 Bush, Sen.=R, Rep=R

*senate supermajority (e.g. 60 senate seats)

Total Years=36 Total Years Divided Gov’t=26 Total Years United Gov’t=10Total Years United Gov’t (with Senate Supermajority)=4




– causes of divided governmentcauses of divided government




– causes of divided governmentcauses of divided government• non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections




– causes of divided governmentcauses of divided government• non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections• different basis of representationdifferent basis of representation




– causes of divided governmentcauses of divided government• non-synchronized electionsnon-synchronized elections• different basis of representationdifferent basis of representation• split-ticket votingsplit-ticket voting




– causes of divided governmentcauses of divided government

– effects of divided vs. united governmenteffects of divided vs. united government

Presidential Vetoes and Presidential Vetoes and Congressional OverridesCongressional Overrides

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

FDR

Trum

an

Eisenhow

er

Kenned

yLBJ

Nixon

Ford

Carter

Reaga

n

Bush 41

Clinto

n

Bush 43

Congressional Override of Congressional Override of Presidential VetoPresidential Veto

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

FDR

Trum

an

Eisenhow

er

Kenned

yLBJ

Nixon

Ford

Carter

Reaga

n

Bush 41

Clinto

n

Bush 43

Congressional Override of Congressional Override of Presidential VetoPresidential Veto

• Clinton (2)Clinton (2)– line-item veto of appropriations for 38 line-item veto of appropriations for 38

military construction projectsmilitary construction projects

– tort reform billtort reform bill


• Main Point!Main Point!– the degree to which Congress and the President the degree to which Congress and the President

have to work together is determined have to work together is determined politicallypolitically• public demands that Congress and President work public demands that Congress and President work

together! together!

Congress -- Main Point!Congress -- Main Point!• the American Constitution deliberately makes it the American Constitution deliberately makes it

difficult to get legislation passed difficult to get legislation passed – the two houses of Congress are designed to act as a the two houses of Congress are designed to act as a

check on each othercheck on each other– Congress acts as a check on Presidency and vice versaCongress acts as a check on Presidency and vice versa

• the effect is that less gets donethe effect is that less gets done– however, to get things done requires a broad however, to get things done requires a broad

consensusconsensus

• politicspolitics demands that the two Houses and two demands that the two Houses and two branches (Congress and Presidency) work branches (Congress and Presidency) work toeghertoegher

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